Father of All Bombs

"The Father of All Bombs" (FOAB)
Type	Thermobaric bomb
Place of origin	Russia
Service history
Used by	Russian Air Force
Production history
Designer	Russian military
Produced	2007
Number built	100
Specifications
Weight	7,100 kg (15,650 lb)
Filling	High explosive and fine aluminium powder and ethylene oxide mix.
Blast yield	44 tons TNT / 80,000 Ibs

Aviation Thermobaric Bomb of Increased Power (ATBIP) Russian: Авиационная вакуумная бомба повышенной мощности (АВБПМ), nicknamed "Father of All Bombs" (FOAB) Russian: "Отец всех бомб" ("Овб"), is a Russian-designed, bomber-delivered thermobaric weapon. In describing the destructive power of "FOAB", deputy chief of the Russian general staff Alexander Rukshin was quoted as saying, "all that is alive merely evaporates."^[1]

The bomb is reportedly four times as powerful as the US military's GBU-43/B Massive Ordnance Air Blast bomb (whose official military acronym "MOAB" is often colloquially called the "Mother of All Bombs"). This Russian device would therefore be the most powerful conventional (non-nuclear) weapon in the world.^[2] The veracity of Russia's claims concerning the weapon's size and power have been questioned by US defense analysts.^[3]

"FOAB" was successfully field-tested in the late evening of September 11, 2007.^[4] The new weapon is to replace several smaller types of nuclear bombs in its arsenal.^[5]

Description

Fireball blast from the Russian "Father of All Bombs", with the beginnings of a mushroom cloud

The thermobaric device yields the equivalent of 44 tons of TNT using about seven tons of a new type of high explosive. Because of this, the bomb's blast and pressure wave have a similar effect to a small tactical nuclear weapon, although on a smaller scale.^[6] The bomb works by detonating in mid-air. Most damage is inflicted by a supersonic shockwave and extremely high temperatures.^[5][7] Thermobaric weapons differ from conventional explosive weapons in that they generate a longer, more sustained blast wave with greater temperatures. In doing so, they produce more damage over a larger area than a conventional weapon of similar mass.^[2]

Compared with MOAB

According to General Alexander Rushkin, the Russian deputy chief of staff, the new bomb is smaller than the MOAB but much deadlier because the temperature at the centre of the blast is twice as high.^[4][8][9] He says the bomb's capabilities are comparable to nuclear weapons, but unlike nuclear weaponry known for its radioactive fallout, use of the weapon does not damage or pollute the environment beyond the blast radius.^[5]

In comparison, the MOAB produces the equivalent of 11 tons of TNT from 8 tons of high explosive. The blast radius of the FOAB is 300 meters, almost double that of the MOAB, and the temperature produced is twice as high.^[7]

Analysis and veracity

Some defense analysts question both the yield of the bomb and whether it could be deployed by a Tupolev Tu-160 bomber. A report by Wired^[3] says photos and the video of the event suggest that it is designed to be deployed from the rear of a slow moving cargo plane, and they note that the bomb-test video released by the Russians never shows both the bomb and the bomber in the same camera shot. There are also questions on what type of explosives it used. They quoted Tom Burky, a senior research scientist at Battelle, saying "It's not even clear what kind of weapon the Russians tested." He questions if it was what some experts call a fuel-air explosive or if it was a thermobaric weapon. "Fuel-air and thermobaric bombs differ in usefulness". Burky says that the weapon depicted in the video appears to be a fuel-air explosive, based on its shape.^[3]

German military analyst Sascha Lange speaking at Deutsche Welle pointed out multiple discrepancies of the released video and expressed his skepticism.^[12]

John Pike, an analyst at the think tank GlobalSecurity, says he believes the weapon is roughly as powerful as the Russians claim. What he does not necessarily believe is that the weapon is new. He says the Russians have possessed a range of thermobaric weapons for at least four decades.^[3] Pike says "These are fuel-air explosives, designed to generate intense blast pressure over a large area. It is reported that the Russian bomb is a so called thermobaric bomb that produces both blast and heat. The Russian military has been a pioneer in the development and use of these thermobaric weapons. This would have to be one of the largest deliverable, droppable bombs in military history."^[5][13]

Robert Hewson, an editor for Jane's Information Group, told the BBC it was likely that FOAB indeed represented the world's biggest non-nuclear bomb. "You can argue about the numbers and how you scale this but the Russians have a long and proven history of developing weapons in the thermobaric class," he says.^[3][6] UPI claimed the device "would enormously boost Russia's conventional military capabilities."^[3]

See also

• Massive Ordnance Penetrator
• Grand Slam bomb
• Soviet atomic bomb project
• Tsar Bomba

References

External links

• Interview with Evgeny Khrushchev, a Russian military analyst

Russian propaganda aside:

• According to documentary, the MOAB's radius is 1 mile in each direction, that is a radius of 1600 meters or 3.2km diameter