FIDE World Chess Championships (1998–2004)

The FIDE World Chess Championships from 1998 till 2004 followed a similar knockout format, radically different from previous World Chess Championship events. Previous events had had long qualifying cycles, spread over more than a year, culminating in a long match (best of 20 or 24 games) between the incumbent champion and a challenger. From 1998 to 2004, however, FIDE organised its World Championship as a single event over about a month, with a large number of players playing short knockout matches, rather in the style of a tennis tournament such as Wimbledon.

Background

From 1948 to 1993, the world chess championship had been administered by FIDE, the international chess federation. In 1993, World Chess Champion Garry Kasparov split from FIDE and formed a rival organisation, the Professional Chess Association. FIDE stripped Kasparov of his title, meaning there were now two rival championships: the FIDE title, held by Anatoly Karpov, and the PCA title, held by Kasparov. Karpov and Kasparov had successfully defended their titles at the FIDE World Chess Championship 1996 and PCA World Chess Championship 1995 respectively.

From 1948 until 1996, World Chess Championships had followed a similar pattern: a series of qualifying tournaments and matches were held over more than a year, culminating in the Candidates Tournament. The winner of the Candidates tournament was the official challenger for the world title, and would play the incumbent champion in a match for world championship. (The 1996 cycle was an exception. The incumbent world champion participated in the Candidates tournament as a seeded semi-finalist.)

In 1997, FIDE president Kirsan Ilyumzhinov proposed a completely new structure: a knockout tournament, consisting of 2 game matches (slightly longer in the final rounds), with match tie-breakers using rapid chess and blitz chess if necessary. This format had been done before in tournaments, but never at the world championship level.

Controversies

The advantages of the new format were:

Opponents pointed out disadvantages of the format:

Prominent non-participants

Time control controversy

For the 2002 and 2004 events, FIDE used a faster time control, which was criticised by Kasparov for lowering the standard of the games.[2]

Location of 2004 event

The 2004 event had extra controversy due to it being played in Libya. See FIDE World Chess Championship 2004.

History

FIDE World Chess Championship 1998

The first knockout tournament was held at the end of 1997. In addition to the new format, it was proposed by Ilyumzhinov as a way to unify the two rival world titles. To do this, FIDE champion Karpov and PCA champion Kasparov were each to be seeded into the semi-finals.

Kasparov did not want to defend his title under these circumstances, and declined his inviatation.

The format was then modified to have FIDE champion Karpov seeded directly into the final.

All of the tournament except the final was held in Groningen in December 1997. There were seven rounds. There were a few less than 128 players, with some players seeded into the second round. The first six rounds consisted of two normal time control games, plus tie breaks. The seventh round (the semi-final) consisted of four normal time control games, plus tie breaks.

The semi-final was between Viswanathan Anand and Michael Adams, and was won by Anand.[3]

Anand then played Karpov in the final in January 1998. The final was best of 6 normal time control games, and this was drawn 3-3. Karpov then won the rapid playoff, becoming the 1998 FIDE World Chess Champion.[4]

There were criticisms that Anand never really had a chance, because Karpov was much fresher than Anand, who had only three days between his match with Adams and the match with Karpov, while Karpov automatically qualified for the final.

FIDE World Chess Championship 1999

The 1999 tournament was held in Las Vegas, in July and August 1999. Karpov was not seeded into the final, and refused to participate.

Kasparov again refused to take part, and famously said that most of the participants were "tourists".[5]

The event was won by Alexander Khalifman.[6]

Khalifman was rated 44th in the world at the time,[7] which some compared unfavourably to PCA champion Kasparov being rated #1. Khalifman said after the tournament, "Rating system works perfectly for players who play only in round robin closed events. I think most of them are overrated. Organizers invite same people over and over because they have the same rating and their rating stays high."[8] Perhaps in response, Khalifman was invited to the next Linares chess tournament, and performed creditably (though placing below joint winner Kasparov).[9]

FIDE World Chess Championship 2000

This event was played in November–December 2000. Vladimir Kramnik had recently defeated Kasparov for Kasparov's world title (see Classical World Chess Championship 2000), and neither of these players (the top two in the FIDE rating list)[10] took part.

The event was won in convincing fashion by Anand,[11] who only had to rely on a rapid playoff once. This was the first time the top rated player had won the event (in 1997-98 Anand was top rated, followed by Karpov).

FIDE World Chess Championship 2002

This event was won by Ruslan Ponomariov.[12]

FIDE World Chess Championship 2004

Change of the format

FIDE abandoned the knockout format in 2005, instead running the FIDE World Chess Championship 2005 as an 8 player, double round robin tournament.

However FIDE still held a 2005 knockout tournament called the "FIDE World Cup", as the first stage of qualification for the FIDE World Chess Championship 2007. It roughly fills the place of the old Interzonal tournaments, with the top 10 placegetters qualifying for the 2007 Candidates Tournament.

Aftermath

The world championship was eventually reunified in 2006, when classical champion Vladimir Kramnik (who had defeated Garry Kasparov in 2000) defeated the winner of the FIDE World Chess Championship 2005, Veselin Topalov.

References

  1. ↑ Opening Ceremony for Wijk aan Zee, The Week in Chess, Special Report, 14-Jan-2000
  2. ↑ The Week in Chess 377 - 29 January 2002
  3. ↑ World Chess Championship 1997 FIDE Knockout Matches, Mark Weeks' Chess Pages
  4. ↑ World Chess Championship 1998 Karpov - Anand FIDE Title Match, Mark Weeks' Chess Pages
  5. ↑ The Week in Chess 249 - 16 August 1999
  6. ↑ World Chess Championship 1999 FIDE Knockout Matches, Mark Weeks' Chess Pages
  7. ↑ The Week in Chess 243 - 5 July 1999
  8. ↑ Chess Scotland - Las Vegas World Championship.
  9. ↑ The Week in Chess 273 - 13 March 2000
  10. ↑ The Week in Chess 295 - 3 July 2000
  11. ↑ World Chess Championship 2000 FIDE Knockout Matches, Mark Weeks' Chess Pages
  12. ↑ World Chess Championship 2001-02 FIDE Knockout Matches, Mark Weeks' Chess Pages
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