Escargot de Quimper
| Elona quimperiana | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| (unranked): | clade Heterobranchia clade Euthyneura clade Panpulmonata clade Eupulmonata clade Stylommatophora informal group Sigmurethra |
| Superfamily: | Helicoidea |
| Family: | Elonidae |
| Genus: | Elona H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855[2] |
| Species: | E. quimperiana |
| Binomial name | |
| Elona quimperiana Férussac, 1821[3] | |
 | |
| Synonyms | |
|
Helix quimperiana Férussac, 1821 | |
Elona quimperiana, common name the escargot de Quimper ("Quimper snail"), is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Elonidae.
Elona is a monotypic genus, i.e. it contains only one species, Elona quimperiana. The specific name comes from the city of Quimper in France.[4]
This snail is mentioned in annexes II and IV of the Habitats Directive.
Original description
Elona quimperiana was originally described (under the name Helix quimperiana) by André Étienne d'Audebert de Férussac in 1821.[3]
Férussac's original text (the type description) reads in the French language as follows:
| “ | QUIMPERINA, nobis. pl. fig.
α) Nobis. pl. LXXVI (par erreur LXVI), fig. 2. Habit. Les bords de Briec l'Odet, près Quimper en Bretagne. Elle a été découverte par Mrs De Kermovan et Bonnemaison; Comm. Desmarest. |
” |
Which means in English:
"Habitat: Margin of Briec (Briec-de-l'Odet) near Quimper in Brittany. It was found by Messieurs De Kermovan and Bonnemaison."
Shell description
The shell is umbilicate and planorboid in shape. The spire is slightly concave. The periphery is broadly rounded, corneous with a few varicoid white stripes.[5] The shell has five or six whorls.[6]
The aperture is lunar and slightly oblique. The lip is white, expanded above, reflexed below, with the ends distant.[5]
The width of the shell is 20–30 mm. The height of the shell is 10–12 mm.[6]
-
apical view
-
apertural view
-
umbilical view
Anatomy
The jaw has 11-16 narrow ribs.[5]
The anatomy of Elona quimperiana was described in detail by Alfred Moquin-Tandon already in 1855-1856[7] and later by Gittenberger (1979).[8]
Reproductive system: the genitalia have club-shaped mucous glands, in other words, the mucous glands are shortened into somewhat rounded triangular sacks. Mucous glands shaped like this are unusual in the Helicoidea, but are typical of the Elonidae. The dart sack is inserted in a sort of calyx at base. The love dart is curved at the end, with lens-like section.[5] (Drawing of reproductive system by Gittenberger 1979.)
Distribution
This species is found in France and Spain.
The Lusitanian snail Elona quimperiana has a remarkably disjunct distribution, limited to northwestern France (Brittany), northwestern Spain and the Basque Country.[4]
Habitat
This species lives in temperate and humid deciduous forests.[4]
Life cycle
The life span is two to three years.[9]
Feeding habits
This species of snail feeds on mycelia found on rotten, dead stumps (principally oak). Occasionally, it is coprophagous and necrophagous. Like many other terrestrial gastropods, Elona quimperiana has a relatively limited dispersal capacity and probably survived during the Quaternary glaciations through significant fluctuations in its distribution area, just as its deciduous forest habitat did.[4]
See also
A closely related species is Norelona pyrenaica (Draparnaud, 1805) - synonym: Elona pyrenaica (Draparnaud, 1805).
References
This article incorporates CC-BY-2.0 text (but not under GFDL) from reference [4] and a public domain text from references.[3][5]
- ↑ Mollusc Specialist Group (1996). Elona quimperiana. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 7 August 2007.
- ↑ Adams H. & Adams A. (1858). The genera of recent Mollusca; arranged according to their organization. In three volumes. Vol. II., pp. [1-3], 1-661. London. (Van Voorst).
- 1 2 3 (French) Férussac A. E. J. P. J. F. d'Audebard de ([1821-1822]). Tableaux systématiques des animaux mollusques classés en familles naturelles, dans lesquels on a établi la concordance de tous les systèmes; suivis d'un prodrome général pour tous les mollusques terrestres ou fluviatiles, vivants ou fossiles. pp. j-xlvij [= 1-47], [1], 1-110, [1]. Paris, Londres. (Bertrand, Sowerby). Description on page 39.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Vialatte A., Guiller A., Bellido A. & Madec L. (2008). "Phylogeography and historical demography of the Lusitanian snail Elona quimperiana reveal survival in unexpected separate glacial refugia". BMC Evolutionary Biology 2008, 8:339. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-8-339.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Tryon G. W. (1894). Manual of Conchology, structural and systematic, with illustrations of the species. Second series: Pulmonata. Volume 9. Helicidae - Volume VII. Continued by H. A. Pilsbry, page 307-308.
- 1 2 (German) Kerney M.P., Cameron R.A.D. & Jungbluth J.H. (1983). Die Landschnecken Nord- und Mitteleuropas. Hamburg/Berlin, 384 pp., page 242-243.
- ↑ (French) Moquin-Tandon A. (1855-1856). Histoire naturelle des mollusques terrestres et fluviatiles de France, contenant des études générales sur leur anatomie et leur physiologie et la description particulière des genres, des espèces et des variétés. Volume 2 (4-5), 368 pp., J.-B. Baillière, Paris. Elona quimperiana at pages 129-131. plate XI, figure 9-14, description of plate XI.
- ↑ Gittenberger E. (1979). On Elona (Pulmonata, Eloniadae fam. nov.) Malacologia Volume 18, 1-2, Sixth European Malacological Congress, Amsterdam, 139-145.
- ↑ Species summary for Elona quimperiana. AnimalBase, accessed 14 July 2009.
Further reading
- (French) Daguzan J. & Gloaquen J. C. (1986). "Contribution à l'écologie d'Elona quimperiana (de Férussac) (Gastéropode Pulmoné Stylommathophore) en Bretagne occidentale". Haliotis 15: 17-30.
External links
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