Erra-imitti
| Erra-Imittī | |
|---|---|
| King of Isin | |
| Reign | 1805–1799 BC |
| Predecessor | Lipit-Enlil |
| Successor | Enlil-bâni |
| House | 1stDynasty of Isin |
Erra-Imittī, (dèr-ra-i-mit-ti[i 1]) ca. 1805–1799 BC (short chronology) or ca. 1868–1861 BC (middle chronology),[1] was king of Isin, modern Ishan al-Bahriyat, and according to the Sumerian King List ruled for eight years. He succeeded Lipit-Enlil, with whom his relationship is uncertain and was a contemporary and rival of Sūmû-El and Nūr-Adad of the parallel dynasty of Larsa. He is best known for the legendary tale of his demise.
Biography
He seems to have recovered control of Nippur from Larsa early in his reign but perhaps lost it again, as its recovery is celebrated by his successor. The later regnal year-names offer some glimmer of events, for example “the year following the year Erra-Imittī seized Kisurra"[nb 1] (the modern site of Abū-Ḥaṭab) for the date of a receipt for a bridal gift and “the year Erra-Imittī destroyed the city wall of Kazallu,”[nb 2][2] a city allied with Larsa and antagonistic to Isin and its vassal, Babylon. A haematite cylinder seal[i 2] of his servant and scribe Iliška-uṭul, son of Sîn-ennam, has come to light from the city of Kissura.[3] The latest attested year-name gives the year he built the city wall of gan-x-Erra-Imittī, perhaps an eponymous new town.
When the omens predicted impending doom for a monarch, it was customary to appoint a substitute as a "statue though animate",[nb 3] a scape-goat for a hundred days to deflect the disaster, at the end of which the proxy and his spouse would be ritually slaughtered and the king would resume his throne.[4] The Chronicle of early kings[i 3] relates that:
King Erra-imittī ordered Enlil-bâni, the gardener, to sit on the throne as a royal substitute (and) put the crown of kingship on his head. Erra-imittī died in his palace while swallowing hot porridge[nb 4] in little sips. Enlil-bâni, who sat on the throne, did not resign and was elevated to the royal office.[5]— Chronicle of early kings, after Glassner but with correction
He was succeeded by Ikūn-pî-Ištar, according to two variant copies of the Sumerian King List, or Enlil-bâni, if the other sources are correct.[5]
Inscriptions
- ↑ Ur-Isin King List 14.
- ↑ Cylinder seal BM 130695.
- ↑ Chronicle of early kings (ABC 20) A 31 to 36 and repeated as B 1 to 7.
Notes
- ↑ BM 85348: mu ús-sa ki-sur-raki dÌr-ra-i-mi-ti ba-an-dib.
- ↑ YOS 14 319: mu dÌr-ra-i-mi-ti bàd ka-zal-luki ba-gal.
- ↑ NU-NÍG-SAG-ÍL-e.
- ↑ pappasu = a porridge, in CAD “p” vol. 12 (2005), p. 111, other translators say soup or broth.
External links
References
- ↑ D. O. Edzard (1999). Erich Ebeling, Bruno Meissner, ed. Reallexikon der Assyriologie und Vorderasiatischen Archäologie: Ia - Kizzuwatna 5. Walter De Gruyter Inc. p. 170.
- ↑ Anne Goddeeris (2009). Tablets from Kisurra in the Collections of British Museum. Harrassowitz. p. 16.
- ↑ Douglas Frayne (1990). Old Babylonian Period (2003-1595 B.C.): Early Periods, Volume 4. University of Toronto Press. p. 76.
- ↑ Karen Rhea Nemet-Nejat (1998). Daily Life in Ancient Mesopotamia. Greenwood Press. p. 189.
- 1 2 Jean-Jacques Glassner (2005). Mesopotamian Chronicles. SBL. p. 271.