Equipment of the Syrian Army

List of modern equipment of the Syrian Arab Army.[1] The vast majority of Syrian military equipment was Soviet manufactured but the organization and military doctrine of the armed forces followed a mix of French and Western influences as the Soviet Union closely guarded its operational principles and never shared them with client states.[2] The accuracy of the data is difficult to assess due to the ongoing Syrian Civil War, as weapons and vehicles are acquired and lost during battles.

Small arms

Pistols

Name Type Cartridge Origin Photo Notes
Makarov PM Semi-automatic pistol 9×18mm Makarov  Soviet Union 8-round magazine. Main service pistol of the Syrian Army.
Tokarev TT-33 Semi-automatic pistol 7.62×25mm Tokarev  Soviet Union 8-round magazine.
Browning Hi-Power Semi-automatic pistol 9×19mm Parabellum  Belgium 13-round magazine.

Carbines

Name Type Cartridge Origin Photo Notes
AKS-74U Carbine 5.45×39mm M74  Soviet Union 30-round magazine, limited usage.[3]
9A-91 Carbine 9×39mm  Russia 20-round magazine. Limited usage by the Syrian Army. Seen during the Rif Dimashq offensive (March–August 2013) in Al-Qabun.[4]

Assault rifles

Name Type Cartridge Origin Photo Notes
AK-47 Assault rifle 7.62×39mm M43/M67  Soviet Union 30-round magazine, used mostly by National Defence Force.
AKM / AKMS Assault rifle 7.62×39mm M43  Soviet Union 30-round magazine, main service.
AK-74M Assault rifle 5.45×39mm M74  Soviet Union 30-round magazine, used by Airborne Special Forces.[5]
Zastava M70 Assault rifle 7.62×39mm M43  Yugoslavia 30-round magazine, moderate usage by Syrian Army.
Type 56 Assault rifle 7.62×39mm M43  People's Republic of China 30-round magazine, used mostly by National Defence Force.[6]
Sa vz. 58 Assault rifle 7.62×39mm M43  Czechoslovakia 30-round magazine.
AMD 65 Assault rifle 7.62×39mm M43 People's Republic of Hungary 30-round magazine.
StG 44[7][8] Assault rifle 7.92×33mm Kurz Nazi Germany Nazi Germany 30-round magazine. Around 5,000 captured by the opposition forces.

Sniper rifles

Name Type Cartridge Origin Photo Notes
Dragunov SVD Sniper rifle 7.62×54mmR  Soviet Union 10-round magazine, main sniper rifle.
PSL Sniper rifle 7.62×54mmR Romania Socialist Republic of Romania 10-round magazine.[9]
Zastava M91 Sniper rifle 7.62×54mmR Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Federal Republic of Yugoslavia 10-round magazine.
Steyr SSG 69 Sniper rifle 7.62×51mm NATO  Austria 5-round magazine.
ASVK Anti-materiel rifle 12.7×108mm  Russia 10-round detachable box magazine, limited usage.[10]
OSV-96 Anti-materiel rifle 12.7×108mm  Russia 5-round magazine.
Sayyad-2 Anti-materiel rifle .50 BMG  Iran Single shot bolt-action. Copy of Austrian HS .50. Limited service with Syrian Army.[11]

Light machine guns

Name Type Cartridge Origin Photo Notes
RPD Light machine gun 7.62×39mm M43  Soviet Union 100-round drum magazine, former main service LMG.
RPK Light machine gun 7.62×39mm M43  Soviet Union 40-round magazine or 75-round magazine. Main service LMG of the Syrian Army.

Medium machine guns

Name Type Cartridge Origin Photo Notes
DS-39 Degtyaryov Medium machine gun 7.62×54mmR  Soviet Union 250-round belt. Limited service with Syrian Army, mostly in reserve.
SG-43 Goryunov Medium machine gun 7.62×54mmR  Soviet Union 200 or 250-round belts. Limited service with Syrian Army, most common variant SGMT is mounted on T-55 tanks.

Heavy machine guns

Name Type Cartridge Origin Photo Notes
DShK 1938 Heavy machine gun 12.7×108mm  Soviet Union 50-round belt, moderate usage.
KPV Heavy machine gun 14.5×114mm  Soviet Union 40-round belt, moderate usage.
NSV Heavy machine gun 12.7×108mm  Soviet Union 50-round belt, main service HMG of the Syrian Army.
Kord Heavy machine gun 12.7×108mm  Russia 50-round belt, limited usage.[10]

General-purpose machine guns

Name Type Cartridge Origin Photo Notes
PKM General-purpose machine gun 7.62×54mmR  Soviet Union 100-round magazine, main service machine gun of the Syrian Army.[12]
Type 80 General-purpose machine gun 7.62×54mmR  People's Republic of China 100-round magazine, moderate usage.

Grenades

Name Type Diameter Origin Photo Notes
F-1 Hand grenade 55mm  Soviet Union 4 meter kill radius, 3.5-4 second fuse.
RGD-5 Hand grenade 58mm  Soviet Union Propels ~350 fragments, 5 meter kill radius, 3.2-4 second fuse.
RPG-43 Anti-tank grenade 95mm  Soviet Union 75mm RHA penetration, hard impact activates impact fuse.
RKG-3 Anti-tank grenade  Soviet Union 170 mm RHA penetration, impact fuse.

Grenade launchers

Name Type Cartridge Origin Photo Notes
AGS-17 Automatic grenade launcher 30×29mm grenade  Soviet Union Belt fed with 29-round drums, high rate of fire. Seen in use by the Syrian Republican Guard.[13]

Mines

Name Type Detonation Origin Photo Notes
PMN mine Anti-personnel mine Pressure  Soviet Union ~240g TNT, anti-personnel blast mine.
PMD series mines Anti-personnel mine Pressure  Soviet Union Wooden box with a slot and detonator.
TM-35 mine Anti-tank mine Pressure  Soviet Union 2.8 kg of TNT.
TM-38 mine Anti-tank mine Pressure  Soviet Union Detonates when there is 440 lbs of pressure.
TM-41 mine Anti-tank mine Pressure  Soviet Union 3.9 kg of Amatol or TNT, short cylinder with the entire top surface being used as a pressure plate.
TM-44 mine Anti-tank mine Pressure  Soviet Union 5.4 kg of Amatol, broadly similar to the earlier, smaller, TM-41 mine.
TM-46 mine Anti-tank mine Pressure  Soviet Union 5.7 kg of TNT.
TM-57 mine Anti-tank mine Pressure  Soviet Union 6.3 kg of TNT.
TM-62 series of mines Anti-tank mine Pressure  Soviet Union 7.5 kg of TNT.
TM-72 mine Anti-tank mine Magnetic influence fuse  Soviet Union 100 mm RHA penetration, cylindrical metal-cased anti-tank mine.
TM-83 mine Anti-tank mine Seismic sensors  Russia 9.6 kg of TNT.
TM-89 mine Anti-tank mine Seismic sensors  Russia 6.7 kg of TNT.
TMA-3 mine Anti-tank mine Pressure  Yugoslavia 6.5 kg of TNT.
TMA-4 mine Anti-tank mine Pressure  Yugoslavia 5.5 kg of TNT.
TMA-5 mine Anti-tank mine Pressure  Yugoslavia 5.5 kg of TNT.

Anti-tank

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
RPG-2[14] Recoilless Rifle  Soviet Union PG-2 (82mm)
RPG-7 Rocket Propelled Grenade  Soviet Union Ammunition: PG-7V (85mm) PG-7VL (93mm) PG-7VR (64/105mm) OG-7V (40mm).
RPG-18 Rocket Propelled Grenade  Soviet Union 64mm.
RPG-29 Rocket Propelled Grenade  Soviet Union
 Russia 		65mm & 105mm.
RPG-75 Rocket Propelled Grenade  Czechoslovakia
68mm.
M79 Osa Anti-tank rocket launcher  Yugoslavia 90mm. Captured from rebel groups.
SPG-9 Recoilless Rifle  Soviet Union 73mm.
B-10[15] Recoilless Rifle  Soviet Union 82mm.
B-11 Recoilless Rifle  Soviet Union 107mm.
M40 Recoilless Rifle  Iran 105mm.
SS.11 Anti-tank missile 486  France
HOT Anti-tank missile 1000  France
 West Germany
3M6 Shmel (AT-1 Snapper) Anti-tank missile  Soviet Union
3M11 Falanga (AT-2 Swatter) Anti-tank Guided Weapon 200  Soviet Union In storage.
9K11 Malyutka (AT-3 Sagger) Anti-tank Guided Weapon 410  Soviet Union Possibly in storage.[1] Used during the Syrian Civil War.[16][17]
9K111 Fagot (AT-4 Spigot) Anti-tank Guided Weapon 150[1]  Soviet Union
9M113 Konkurs (AT-5 Spandrel) Anti-tank Guided Weapon 40[1]  Soviet Union
9K115 Metis (AT-7 Saxhorn) Anti-tank Guided Weapon N/A  Soviet Union
9M117 Bastion (AT-10 Stabber) Anti-tank Guided Weapon 800[1]  Soviet Union
9M119 Svir (AT-11 Sniper) Anti-tank Guided Weapon N/A  Russia
9K115-2 Metis-M (AT-13 Saxhorn-2) Anti-tank Guided Weapon N/A  Russia Presence confirmed by use of looted 9K115-2 systems by rebels.[18]
9M133 Kornet (AT-14 Spriggan) Anti-tank Guided Weapon 2500 at least [1]  Russia
Saeghe-2s Anti-tank Guided Weapon  Iran
Toophan Anti-tank Guided Weapon  Iran

Vehicles

Tanks

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
T-55/MV/AM/AMV Main battle tank <2,000[1]  Soviet Union Some upgraded.[19] 120 donated to Iran during the Iran–Iraq War. 180 donated to Lebanese Armed Forces in 1993. Many destroyed, damaged, salvaged for parts or captured by Islamist anti-government insurgents since March 2011.
T-62M/K Main battle tank <1000[1]  Soviet Union 100 donated to Iran during the Iran–Iraq War. Many destroyed, damaged, salvaged for parts or captured by Islamist insurgents since March 2011.
T-72/M/A/AV / TURMS-T/M1 TURMS-T / B/BM[20] Main battle tank <1500[1]  Soviet Union
 Czechoslovakia 		More than 1600 in 2010, many upgraded by Russia, 122 by Italy, many by the Syrians according to Jane's.[21][22] T-72Bs and T-72BMs were delivered by Russia in 2015-2016.[23]
T-90/A[23] Main battle tank ~6[24]  Russia First observed in the Southern Aleppo front on November 29, 2015.[25] Russia supplied T-90 1992 models and T-90As in late 2015.[26]
PT-76 Amphibious light tank <80  Soviet Union Most likely in service in the Tartus Governorate.

Infantry Fighting Vehicles

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
BMP-1 Infantry fighting vehicle <2,000[1]  Soviet Union 200 donated to Iran during the Iran–Iraq War - Some destroyed, damaged and captured by Anti government Insurgents since March 2011.
BMP-2 Infantry fighting vehicle <100[1]  Soviet Union Deployed in Rif Dimashq Governorate campaign.

Armoured Fighting Vehicles

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
BTR-40 Armoured personnel carrier ~120  Soviet Union
BTR-152 Armoured personnel carrier 300  Soviet Union
BTR-50 Armoured personnel carrier 550  Soviet Union
BTR-60PB/PU-12 Armoured personnel carrier N/A  Soviet Union Probability most scraped.[27]
BTR-80/82A Armoured personnel carrier N/A  Soviet Union Several BTR-80s were given by Russia in 2013, more BTR-82s delivered in 2015[28][29][30]
OT-64 SKOT Armoured personnel carrier N/A  Czechoslovakia/ Poland 300 OT-64C ordered from Czechoslovakia in 1976 and delivered between 1977 and 1979, probability most scraped.[27]

Armoured Scout Vehicles

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
BRDM-2 Amphibious Armoured Scout Car ~700  Soviet Union Some armed with 9K11 Malyutka ATGM.
1200 received from the Soviet Union by 1975.[31]

Field ambulance

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
BVP-1 AMB-S Field ambulance ~80  Czechoslovakia Deployed in the Rif Dimashq Governorate campaign in Syrian Civil War.

Armored recovery vehicles

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
BREM-1 / BREM-2[32] Armored recovery vehicle ~100  Soviet Union Deployed in the Rif Dimashq Governorate campaign in Syrian Civil War.[33]

Logistics and utility vehicles

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
MAZ-7310 8x8 Artillery Truck 200  Soviet Union Main role is to carry the R-17 Elbrus Scud-B ballistic missile.
Ural-4320 6x6 Off-road truck 500  Soviet Union 25 Ural-4320-31 armored trucks were given by Russia to secure transport of Syria's chemical weapons arsenal.[27][28]
Ural-375D 6x6 4.5 ton truck 350  Soviet Union Transport vehicle, another use is being a BM-21 multiple rocket launcher.
ZIL 131 6x6 3.5 ton truck 300  Soviet Union Cargo truck, also can become a BM-21 multiple rocket launcher.
ZIL-135 Artillery truck 84  Soviet Union Main role is to carry the FROG-7 ballistic missile.
ZIL-157 6x6 2.5 ton truck 84  Soviet Union
GAZ-66 4x4 Off-road truck 200  Soviet Union Transport vehicle for motorized infantry.
GAZ-3308 4x4 Utility truck 144[34]  Russia Transport vehicle for motorized infantry.
UAZ-469 Military All-terrain vehicle 500  Soviet Union
KAMAZ-43114 6x6 Side truck 100  Russia 50 were given by Russia to secure transport of Syria's chemical weapons arsenal.[27]
Rys LMV Infantry mobility vehicle N/A  Italy
 Russia 		One was in use by the Tiger Forces in the Deir Hafer Plains, Aleppo province.[35]

Artillery

Mortars

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
PM-37 Mortar 200  Soviet Union 82mm mortar.
PM-43 Mortar 700  Soviet Union 120mm mortar.
M1938 Mortar 200  Soviet Union 120mm mortar.
M1943 Mortar 100  Soviet Union 160mm mortar.
M-240 Mortar 10  Soviet Union 240mm mortar.

Field artillery

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
A-19 Howitzer 100  Soviet Union 122mm.
M-30 Howitzer 150  Soviet Union 122mm.
D-74 Field Gun 400  Soviet Union 122mm. In storage.
D-30 Howitzer 600  Soviet Union 122mm.
M-46 Field Gun 800  Soviet Union 130mm.
D-20 Howitzer 20  Soviet Union 152mm.
ML-20 Howitzer 50  Soviet Union 152mm.
D-1 Howitzer 20  Soviet Union 152.4mm (6 inch).
S-23[36] Howitzer 10  Soviet Union 180mm.
ZiS-2 Anti-tank Gun N/A  Soviet Union 57mm.
D-44 Anti-tank Gun N/A  Soviet Union 85mm.
T-12 Anti-tank Gun N/A  Soviet Union 100mm.
BS-3 Anti-tank Gun N/A  Soviet Union 100mm.

Self-propelled field artillery

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
T-34/D-30 Self-propelled howitzer 36  Soviet Union
 Syria 		D-30 mounted on T-34. 122mm.
2S1 Gvozdika Self-propelled howitzer 300  Soviet Union 122mm.
2S3 Akatsiya Self-propelled howitzer 100  Soviet Union 152mm
2S4 Tyulpan Mortar carrier 24  Soviet Union 240mm

Multiple Launch Rocket Systems

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
BM-14 Multiple rocket launcher 50  Soviet Union 140mm.
BM-24 Multiple rocket launcher N/A  Soviet Union 240mm.
BM-21 Grad Multiple rocket launcher 200  Soviet Union 122mm.
BM-27 Uragan Multiple rocket launcher 36  Soviet Union 220mm. Spotted in November 2014 during the Syrian Civil War, most likely delivered by Russia.[37]
BM-30 Smerch Multiple rocket launcher N/A  Soviet Union 300mm. Presence confirmed by use of the 9M55K cluster munition used by the system.[38] Syria received several BM-30s in the midst the Syrian Civil War from either Belarus or more likely Russia, which delivered them in early 2014.[39]
Type 63 Multiple rocket launcher 100  China
 Iran 		107mm.
Khaibar Multiple rocket launcher 100  China
 Syria 		302mm
Fajr-3 Multiple rocket launcher N/A  Iran 240mm.
Fajr-5 Multiple rocket launcher N/A  Iran 333mm.
Ra'ad Multiple rocket launcher N/A  Iran 220mm.
Falaq-2 Multiple rocket launcher N/A  Iran 333mm.

Anti-Air

Towed anti-aircraft artillery

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
ZPU Anti-aircraft gun 1500+  Soviet Union
 China 		14.5mm single, twin and quad mount. Also mounted on technicals.[40]
ZU-23-2 Anti-aircraft gun 650+  Soviet Union 23mm, 2 barrels.
M1939 Anti-aircraft gun 300+  Soviet Union 37mm.
S-60 Anti-aircraft gun 875  Soviet Union 57mm.
KS-12 Anti-aircraft gun 100+  Soviet Union 85mm.
KS-19 Anti-aircraft gun 100+  Soviet Union 100mm.
Type 65 Anti-aircraft gun N/A  People's Republic of China 37mm, 2 barrels.

Towed Air Defence

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
S-75 Dvina (SA-2 S-75M Volga Version of the 1995 year) Strategic SAM system 320[41]  Soviet Union
S-125 Neva/Pechora (SA-3 Pechora + Pechora-2M) Strategic SAM system 148[41] + 12[42]  Soviet Union
S-200 (SA-5) Strategic SAM system 2 defense regiment comprising 2 divisions including 2 batteries S-200 (44 launchers) in service as of 2010[43]  Soviet Union Command post S-300 can manage in any combination the elements of S-200 and S-300.[44][45][46]

Self-propelled Air Defence

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
ZSU-57-2 "Sparka" Self-propelled anti-aircraft gun 10[1]  Soviet Union All in storage. Some units reactivated during Civil War
ZSU-23-4 "Shilka" Self-propelled anti-aircraft gun 400[1]  Soviet Union 23mm.
2K12 Kub (SA-6) Self-propelled SAM system 195[41] 200 (As for 2012)[47]  Soviet Union
9K33 Osa (SA-8) Self-propelled SAM system 14-60,[1][48] 14 batteries (60 launchers - autonomous war machines)[49]  Soviet Union Two were captured by Liwa al-Islam.
9K31 Strela-1 (SA-9) Self-propelled SAM system 20[1]  Soviet Union
9K37 Buk (SA-11) Self-propelled SAM system 20[1]  Soviet Union
9K35 Strela-10 (SA-13) Self-propelled SAM system 30[1]  Soviet Union
9K37M2E Buk-M2E (SA-17) Self-propelled SAM system At least 10  Russia Observed in use at Al-Mezzah.[50]
9M311-1M Tunguska (SA-19) Self-propelled air-defence system 6[51]  Soviet Union
S-300 (missile) (S-300 SA-20A / SA-20B surface-to-air missile systems Unknown[52]  Russia Delivery not completed, status unclear.[53][54][55][56][57]
Pantsir-S1 (SA-22) Self-propelled SAM system 36-50[58]  Russia

MANPADS

Combined total of 4,000+ launchers.

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
9K32 Strela-2 (SA-7) Man portable air defence system 4,000+[1]  Soviet Union
9K34 Strela-3 (SA-14) Man portable air defence system 100[1]  Soviet Union
9K38 Igla-1 (SA-16) Man portable air defence system N/A  Soviet Union
9K38 Igla (SA-18) Man portable air defence system N/A[1]  Russia
9K338 Igla-S (SA-24) Man portable air defence system N/A  Russia Delivered by Russia.

Ballistic missiles

Tactical Ballistic Missiles

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
FROG-7[59] Tactical ballistic missile ~18 Mobile launchers[60]  Soviet Union Unknown number of missiles.
Scud-B[59] Tactical ballistic missile ~42 Mobile launchers[60]  Soviet Union
 North Korea 		~200 missiles
OTR-21 Tochka[59] Tactical ballistic missile ~12 Mobile launchers[60]  Soviet Union ~100 missiles
9K720 Iskander Tactical ballistic missile 24[61]  Russia Downgraded export variant Iskander E ordered in 2006 - Status unclear.[62]
Hwasong-6[59] Tactical ballistic missile ~160 missiles[60]  North Korea
North Korean Scud C Version.
Hwasong-7[59] Tactical ballistic missile ~100 missiles[60]  North Korea North Korean Scud D Version.
Fateh-110[59] Tactical ballistic missile 900+ missiles[60]  Iran Local designation M-600 or Tashreen.
Zelzal-2[63] Tactical ballistic missile N/A  Iran
Zelzal-3 Tactical ballistic missile N/A  Iran
Shahab-2 Tactical ballistic missile N/A  Iran At least one used in February 2014 according with a video upload by foreign insurgents.[64][65]

Higher level command posts (HLCPs)

Name Type Quantity Origin Notes
Senezh-M1E[66] General-purpose self-acting[67] HLCPs N/A[47][68]  Soviet Union Photography on the site developer As an option, with the use of HLCP, management of all types of air defense systems, the Air Force and all kinds of radar air defense forces. Effective radius of 1,600 km for 77 fired targets[69] May receive data order to send target indication for different systems.[70]

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Name Type Quantity Origin Photo Notes
La-17RM Unmanned aerial vehicle N/A  Soviet Union Reconnaissance drone. Withdrawn from service.
Tu-143 Unmanned aerial vehicle N/A  Soviet Union Reconnaissance drone. Withdrawn from service.
Ababil Unmanned aerial vehicle N/A  Iran Medium-range reconnaissance/surveillance and short/medium-range attack drone.
Mohajer 4 Unmanned aerial vehicle N/A  Iran Reconnaissance drone. Used during the Syrian Civil War since late 2012.[71]
Yasir Unmanned aerial vehicle N/A  Iran Reconnaissance drone. Used during the Syrian Civil War since late 2013.[72]

Unmanned Combat Air Vehicles

Name Type Quantity Origin Notes
Shahed 129 Unmanned combat air vehicle N/A  Iran Spotted in Syria on 10 April 2014 over Al-Maliha, East-Ghouta (Damascus), it was used for reconnaissance without missiles.[73]

References

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  2. ↑ "Size, Equipment, Command Structure and Organization". Lcweb2.loc.gov. Retrieved 12 October 2014.
  3. ↑ "HD | Syrian Army Storming At FSA Heavy Combat 2013". YouTube. Retrieved 2013-09-03.
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  8. ↑ Sturmgewehr 44 used by Syrian Rebels – The Firearm Blog, August 22, 2012
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