Epoch Times

Epoch Times

Front page of New York edition 10-10-2013
Type International newspaper
Format Broadsheet
Owner(s) Epoch Media Group
Founded 2000
Language Multiple, mainly Chinese and English
Headquarters New York City, U.S.
Circulation 1,314,375 (2012, unaudited)[1]
Website www.theepochtimes.com
Epoch Times
Traditional Chinese 大紀元
Simplified Chinese 大纪元

Epoch Times is a multi-language, international media company in print and online, headquartered in New York City, where it publishes an eponymous daily newspaper. The company was founded in 2000 by a group of Chinese-American Falun Gong practitioners. It has won awards for its reporting of human rights.[2][3][4]

The newspaper covers matters of general interest, though it maintains a focus on news about China and human rights issues there, drawing from a network of sources inside China, plus the expertise and contacts of Chinese expatriates living in the West.[5][6][7][8] Its coverage of these issues has earned the paper several awards.[3][4][9] Epoch Times is widely distributed in overseas Chinese communities.[10] Its other language editions maintain their own staff of reporters.

The newspaper has been publishing in Chinese since May 2000. It is either sold or distributed free-of-charge in 35 countries, with editions in English, Chinese and nine other languages in print,[11] and 21 languages on the internet.[12] A typical issue includes sections for world and national news, opinion pieces, sports, entertainment, business, arts and culture, travel, health and automobiles.[13] Epoch Times websites are blocked in China.[10]

History

Epoch Times was started in 2000 by John Tang and a group of Chinese Americans; the founders say they were responding to censorship inside China and a lack of understanding internationally about Chinese repression of the Falun Gong.[14][15] In May 2000, the paper was first published in the Chinese language in New York, with the web launch in August 2000.[16]

In 2003, Epoch Times website and Epoch Times group of newspapers had grown into one of the largest Chinese-language news websites and newspaper groups outside China in the past two years, with local editions in the U.S., Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, Indonesia, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and major Western European countries.[17]

The first English edition launched online in 2003, followed by the New York print edition in 2004.[16]

In 2000, 10 Epoch Times correspondents were imprisoned in China, but current staff of the Chinese-language edition work in Hong Kong.[18]

In 2011 Stephen Harper, Prime Minister of Canada wrote, "since its launch in Canada in 2000, Epoch Times has become a popular source of information on issues and events of interest to the Chinese-Canadian community... With local editions published in Toronto, Vancouver, Montréal, Ottawa and Calgary/Edmonton, Epoch Times is today the largest daily newspaper of its kind in the country."[19]

Distribution

ÉpoqueTimes headquarters in Montreal's Chinatown in 2015.

As of February 2012, 67 Epoch Times newspaper editions are published in print in 5 continents.[1] They are available in 11 languages and have a distribution of 1,315,000 copies in 35 countries.[16] Distribution varies from daily to monthly.

Epoch Times is available in 21 languages[12] on the internet. In Chinese there are websites for Hong Kong, Taiwan and Australia as well as the main Chinese website. Epoch Times receives 105 million page views per month from 20 million visitors.[20]

Reporters cover stories that pertain to their own areas, contributing to a pool of articles for the different editions to share.

Launch dates and summaries

Language[12] Summary[21][22]
English The English language edition of Epoch Times started in September 2003 as a website, and went to print in New York in August 2004. It is now published in the United States, Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Singapore and Malaysia.
Chinese The oldest of Epoch Times editions, the Chinese paper has been in operation from May 2000, with the web launch in August 2000. The Chinese Epoch Times (Dajiyuan) is now the single largest Chinese language newspaper in the world, covering 35 countries across North and South America, Europe, Australia, New Zealand and Asia.
French The French edition launched as a website in January 2005, and went into print shortly after. La Grande Époque is found in France, Canada (Montreal, Quebec province) and Switzerland since 2005 and changed its name for Époque Times in Quebec in 2012.
Spanish The Spanish website of La Gran Epoca launched in early 2005. Circulation of the print edition began in Argentina one week before the website went live.
German The German website of Epoch Times Deutschland launched in late 2004. It is now printed in Germany and a few neighboring countries as Die Neue Epoche.
Russian The Russian language edition started in December 2004 as a website, and later it went to print in St. Petersburg. The Russian newspaper is now distributed all over Russia.
Ukrainian The Ukrainian website of Велика Епоха (or Epoch Times) launched in May 2005. In March 2006, the Russian edition (www.EpochTimes.com.ua/ru/) of the Ukrainian site was launched for the Ukrainians who speak Russian.
Bulgarian The Bulgarian edition started in mid-February 2005, with a Bulgarian version of the "Nine Commentaries".
Hebrew The Hebrew edition started in December 2005. It is printed weekly and is mainly distributed in Tel Aviv.
Slovak The Slovak edition started on 1 March 2006.
Czech The Czech edition started on 6 October 2006.
Turkish The Turkish edition started on 9 June 2011.
Portuguese The Portuguese edition of started on 18 April 2012. The core team is based in Brazil, with a satellite office in Portugal.
Italian The Italian language edition website launched in December 2012.
Persian The Persian edition launched on 12 January 2013. This edition serves those speaking Persian in Iran, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, and other countries.

Other languages

  • Japanese - distributed in Tokyo and printed on a bi-weekly basis
  • Korean - distributed in specific areas of Seoul on a weekly basis
  • Indonesian - distributed in Jakarta
  • Romanian
  • Vietnamese, Swedish (internet only editions)

Editions

New York edition

Epoch Times' flagship New York edition is typically around 50 pages, divided into four sections.[23] Section "A" is primarily devoted to current events, with several pages devoted to China issues and politics. Section A also includes opinion pages, sports, science & technology, business and real estate.

Section "B" is Arts & Culture—covering classical art forms, exhibits and events. Section B also includes Style and an "Essence of China" page devoted to traditional Chinese culture, stories, and art forms. Section "C" focuses on health and fitness featuring mainstream medical science, alternative and Chinese medical treatments. Section "D" is Food which focuses on cooking and local restaurants.[23]

Other English editions

Outside of New York, other English editions typically take the form of a 16–24-page broadsheet. The content is a shorter version of the New York edition, with a focus on each edition's local region.[11]

Chinese edition

Print editions range from 30 to 80 pages. A typical print edition includes sections on local & national news, China, world, health, science, autos, real estate, arts & culture, style, home, food, dining and special sections covering traditional Chinese culture & values.[24]

According to the Canadian Circulations Audit Board, Epoch Times is the first and only Chinese-language daily newspaper in Canada to complete a circulation audit.[25][26][27]

Notable coverage

Organ harvesting allegations

In March 2006, Epoch Times published the allegations of three Chinese individuals who said that thousands of Falun Gong practitioners had been killed to supply China's organ transplant industry,[28][29][30] including a doctor, said who said there were 36 concentration camps all over China.[30] Kilgour-Matas report[31] stated "the source of 41,500 transplants for the six year period 2000 to 2005 is unexplained" and "we believe that there has been and continues today to be large scale organ seizures from unwilling Falun Gong practitioners".[31] Appendix 16 of the revised report refuted Harry Wu's negative comments.[31]

In 2008, two United Nations Special Rapporteurs reiterated their requests for "the Chinese government to fully explain the allegation of taking vital organs from Falun Gong practitioners and the source of organs for the sudden increase in organ transplants that has been going on in China since the year 2000".[32] The Chinese government has consistently denied the allegations. The parliaments of Canada and the European Union, Taiwan, as well as the Foreign Affairs Subcommittee of the U.S. House of Representatives, have adopted resolutions condemning organ harvesting from Falun Gong prisoners of conscience.

Other reports

During the 2009 New York City Comptroller elections, Epoch Times alleged that Taiwan-born Democratic nominee John Liu is part of a "United Front" by the Chinese Communist Party to infiltrate the United States and subvert its government, democracy, and human rights in general.[33] The newspaper alleged that "the CCP works tenaciously and systematically to place its people [...] in key positions in corporations, academia, and government in the United States and other countries."[34] Epoch Times also published an 8-page "special edition", and also featured on its website a section focused on coverage of Liu's reported ties with CCP officials.[35]

During Hu Jintao's visit to Canada in June 2010, the Toronto Star noted that Epoch Times had published several "hard-hitting" critical stories on Hu's visit, such as allegations of the local Chinese embassy's orchestration of welcome parades, as well as an alleged recording of a speech by the first secretary of education Liu Shaohua, in which Liu stated that embassy would provide accommodation and transport for over 3,000 participants in the welcome parade.[36]

Canadian media reported that the parliamentary press office made deliberate arrangements in relation to Hu's public appearances limiting Epoch Times' access to the General Secretary of the Communist Party of China, even though the newspaper is an accredited member of the Canadian Parliamentary Press Gallery.[36] The paper carried an exclusive interview with outspoken Canadian Member of Parliament Rob Anders, wherein Anders alleged that the Chinese government used gifts and business deals in attempts to influence Canadian political decisions.[37][38]

Editorial stance

In the February 2007 interview with The Associated Press' Nahal Toosi, the English Epoch Times chair Stephen Gregory said: "It's not a Falun Gong newspaper. Falun Gong is a question of an individual's belief. The paper's not owned by Falun Gong, it doesn't speak for Falun Gong, it doesn't represent Falun Gong. It does cover the persecution of Falun Gong in China."[39] Nahal believed to say Falun Gong "owns" Epochtimes can be technically inaccurate, while many Epoch Times staffers, including Gregory, are Falun Gong practitioners.[39]

In 2008, David Ownby, director of the Center for East Asian Studies at the Université de Montréal and the author of Falun Gong and the Future of China said the newspaper is set up by Falun Gong practitioners with their own money.[40] He describes Epoch Times as wishing to be taken seriously as a global newspaper rather than being judged on the basis of its strong association with the Falun Gong.[40][41] "Epoch Times is a newspaper with a mission," he wrote "that of reporting on issues bearing on human rights throughout the world, which allows for considerable focus on China and Falun Gong."[42]

The newspaper counters what it considers to be CCP propaganda through its own opinion pieces and reporting. The newspaper covers causes and groups opposed to the CCP, including Falun Gong, dissidents, activists, and supporters of the Tibetan government-in-exile. The paper's reports on China are critical of the PRC government. The paper reports on Falun Gong-related news, including the group's attempt to sue former Chinese leader Jiang Zemin under civil legislation for genocide, when most other overseas Chinese-language newspapers do not cover such news. In 2005, the San Francisco Chronicle reported that "three new U.S-based, Chinese-language media outlets that provide provocative reporting about the Communist Party, government oppression and social unrest in China [namely Epoch Times, Sound of Hope, and NTDTV] have ties to the Falun Gong spiritual movement." When interviewed, executives at each outlet said they did not represent the Falun Gong movement as a whole.[7]

While many individuals involved in the production of the newspaper practice Falun Gong, according to Zhao Yuezhi, the media seeks to present itself as "public interest-oriented" and "independent of any political and business groups ... objectively and fairly reporting facts and truth". Its reporting on Chinese affairs often highlights negative news about the Chinese government and coverage of Falun Gong in a sympathetic light. In this view, the paper articulates Falun Gong's views on a range of issues, and may be part of a de facto media alliance with democracy activists in exile.[43]

According to Ming Xia, political science professor at the College of Staten Island, Epoch Times represents part of Falun Gong's effort to expand to non-practitioners, and "is part of the Falun Gong strategy to embed itself into the large civil society for influence and legitimacy".[44]

Partly for its stance on the Chinese Communist Party, Epoch Times was called anti-communist and a "mouthpiece" of Falun Gong.[45][45][46][47][48][49][50][51]

Epoch Times also runs mainstream newswire stories and in some places can resemble a community newspaper.[52] Zhao said, "While mainstream newspaper typically treat Web versions as an extension of the already-existing print version, Epoch Times website serves as the master for all its worldwide papers."[17]

In some cases Epoch Times operates in a hostile overseas environment, in which "overseas Chinese media companies choosing to remain independent or publish non-approved content become the targets of an aggressive campaign of elimination or control." In one instance Chinese diplomatic officials made threats against media for reporting Falun Gong-related content; in other cases, advertisers have been regularly threatened not to support Epoch Times in any way. Communist Party authorities have also been accused of resorting to "militant methods" against the newspaper and its staff members, including, it is alleged, of attacking staff and destroying computer equipment.[53]

The newspaper reported that in 2005 the Communist Party "exerted hard and soft pressure" on printing houses in Hong Kong, forcing the paper to stop printing, after it reported on Tibet, human rights, Falun Gong, and was the first media to break the story on SARS.[54] The newspaper was also briefly banned from Malaysia after coming under reported pressure by the Chinese Communist Party.[55]

Joseph Lian Yi-zheng, a political commentator and columnist based in Hong Kong, highlighted Epoch Times coverage of Chinese politics in a New York Times op-ed, saying "the spiritual movement [Falun Gong] has often proved correct in its analysis of power plays in Beijing. According to a recent article in Epoch Times, a Falun Gong publication, even as Mr. Xi [Jinping] has tried to muffle so-called small channel news, political gossip supposedly leaked from the inner circles of the Communist Party, the Jiang faction has continued to feed Mr. Lee and his partners juicy stories about the Xi family."[56]

Nine commentaries on the Communist Party

Main article: Tuidang movement

Since November 2004, the Chinese version of Epoch Times has published and promoted a series of editorials and a booklet titled "Nine Commentaries on the Communist Party"[57] (traditional Chinese: 九評共產黨; simplified Chinese: 九评共产党). The editorials expose the CCP's often violent political campaigns through its history, from its ascent to power under Mao Zedong to its present-day form. The CCP was criticized as an illegitimate institution which used underhanded tactics to gain power. The commentaries allege that the CCP "destroyed traditional Chinese culture" and brands the CCP an "evil cult".[58] According to Ownby, the Commentaries are a condemnation of Communism and direct indictment on the legitimacy of the Chinese Communist Party in ruling China. While acknowledging the "unnecessary violence" the Chinese Communist Party has inflicted, as a professional historian Ownby finds that the lack of balance and nuance in tone and style makes the editorial resemble "anti-Communist propaganda written in Taiwan in the 1950s."[42] The commentaries won an award in 2005.[4][59]

The Nine Commentaries have been translated into more than 30 other languages[57] and released as a DVD.[60] The Nine Commentaries have been credited by the newspaper and prominent leaders of the expatriate Chinese community, with sparking an exodus from the CCP and its affiliated organizations.[61]

Epoch Times website hosts a "CCP Renunciations" service, encouraging Chinese to quit the CCP and related organizations.[62]

The number of people who have resigned from the Communist Party of China or its affiliate organizations, is published in Chinese editions of the newspaper. The counter stood at over 190 million on 16 January 2015.[63]

Awards

Assessments

David Ownby stated that the newspaper's articles are "well written and interesting, if occasionally idiosyncratic in their coverage."[42][79] According to Ownby, it has been praised and also been criticized for a perceived bias against the CCP, and support of Falun Gong practitioners and other dissidents such as Tibetans, Taiwanese independence advocates, democracy activists, Uyghurs and others. The paper, therefore, is often assessed in light of its connection to Falun Gong, rather than a thorough analysis of its editorial content.[80]

James Bettinger, a professor of Communications at Stanford University and the director of the John S. Knight Journalism Fellowships, said "Even if Epoch Times is not associated with Falun Gong, if they consistently write about Falun Gong in the same perspective, or if there are no articles examining Falun Gong, people would perceive it as being not credible."[52] Orville Schell, dean of the UC Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism, said in 2005 that "It's hard to vouch for their quality because it's difficult to corroborate, but it's not something to be dismissed as pure propaganda."[7]

Jiao Guobiao, a former Beijing University journalism professor who was dismissed after criticizing the Central Propaganda Department, proposed that even if Epoch Times published only negative information highly critical of the CCP, the weight of their attacks could never begin to counterbalance the positive propaganda the party publishes about itself. In addressing media balance, Jiao noted that the Chinese public lacked negative, critical information regarding their country. As such, he noted for a need of media balance based on the principles of freedom, equality, and legality, and that media balance "is the result of the collective imbalances of all".[81]

The paper's stance has also been lauded by some political commentators and media experts. Ethan Gutmann has characterized Epoch Times as a leader in political analysis of the Chinese regime, saying "With the "Chinese Regime in Crisis" series, Epoch Times has finally and indisputably arrived. Any China expert who wants to save face by pretending the paper doesn't exist can continue to do so—for a little while anyway—but they had better be reading it in secret."[82]

In 2010, Epoch Times successfully defended its reporting in the Canadian court system,[83] when a publisher they had reported on, Crescent Chau, sued for libel.[84] The justice in charge of the case ruled that the paper had acted in the public interest, and that the particular article expressed "legitimate concerns and constitute an opinion which is drawn from a factual premise". In examining the case, John Gordon Miller, a Canadian journalist and media professor, noted that the paper's articles "appear to be thoroughly and professionally reported".[84]

"Bold, encouraging, thoughtful, Epoch Times has become one of Canada's premier publications. For ten years now, the award-winning newspaper has been building bridges between communities and covering the stories that are shaping our world... Epoch Times immense success is a testament to the public's appetite for a fearless independent voice. I'd like to commend Epoch Times for a decade of journalistic excellence", wrote Peter Kent, Canada's Minister of the Environment, former journalist, producer and anchorman.[19]

See also

Footnotes

  1. 1 2 "The Epoch Times – Worldwide distribution" ads.epochtimes.com accessdate 6 March 2014
  2. 1 2 "Epoch Times Publisher Awarded Diamond Jubilee Medal", The Epoch Times (12 October 2012)
  3. 1 2 3 "2012 Sigma Delta Chi Award Honorees", The Society of Professional Journalists, spj.org Accessed 8 Dec. 2014
  4. 1 2 3 4 "Asian American Journalists Association Recognizes Excellence in News Coverage", The Free Library (23 August 2005) Retrieved 28 Apr 2013
  5. ↑ "The Epoch Times – Our Story: The Grand Epoch Is Here" theepochtimes.com
  6. ↑ Thomas Lum (August 11, 2006). "China and Falun Gong" (PDF). Congressional Research Service.
  7. 1 2 3 Hua, Vanessa (December 18, 2005). "Dissident media linked to Falun Gong / Chinese-language print, broadcast outlets in U.S. are making waves". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved December 9, 2006.
  8. ↑ Peter Schworm (December 3, 2007). "Chinese-American activists decry China's communism". The Boston Globe.
  9. ↑ "Epoch Times Publisher Awarded Diamond Jubilee Medal", Epoch Times (12 October 2012)
  10. 1 2 Gossett, Sherrie (15 June 2005). "Independent Chinese Newspaper Bucks Communists". aim.org. Accuracy in Media. Retrieved 19 October 2013.
  11. 1 2 "The Epoch Times – Global Print Archive" printarchive.epochtimes.com
  12. 1 2 3 The Epoch Times – Other Languages theepochtimes.com Retrieved 28 Apr 2013
  13. ↑ "The New Era" Langara Journalism Review, 01 June 2011
  14. ↑ Thomas Lum (August 11, 2006). "China and Falun Gong" (PDF). Congressional Research Service.
  15. ↑ Ownby 2008, p. 223.
  16. 1 2 3 "The Epoch Times – About Us" theepochtimes.com accessdate 6 March 2014
  17. 1 2 Zhao, Yuezhi, "Falun Gong, Identity, and the Struggle over Meaning Inside and Outside China", pp 209–223 in Contesting Media Power: Alternative Media in a Networked World, edited by Nick Couldry and James Curran (Rowman & Littlefield, 2003)
  18. ↑ "Epoch Times Marks 10 Years in Canada". Epoch Times. March 17, 2011. Retrieved July 25, 2013.
  19. 1 2 "The Epoch Times Daily News" Epoch Times 28 January 2011
  20. ↑ "The Epoch Times – Online readership" ads.epochtimes.com
  21. ↑ "The Epoch Times – Milestones" ads.epochtimes.com
  22. ↑ "The Epoch Times – Websites" ads.epochtimes.com
  23. 1 2 The Epoch Times Print Archives - New York Edition Retrieved 30 Apr 2013
  24. ↑ "The Epoch Times E-Paper". Retrieved April 30, 2013.
  25. ↑ "Multicultural marketing the visible majority" 12 March 2012 marketingmag.ca
  26. ↑ "Media Associations - Media Information on Canadian Circulations Audit Board". Cardonline.ca. Retrieved 6 March 2014.
  27. ↑ "Epoch Times Canada's First Audited Daily Chinese Newspaper". The Epoch Times. Retrieved April 30, 2013.
  28. ↑ "Worse Than Any Nightmare—Journalist Quits China to Expose Concentration Camp Horrors and Bird Flu Coverup", Epoch Times, 10 March 2006
  29. ↑ "New Witness Confirms Existence of Chinese Concentration Camp, Says Organs Removed from Live Victims" The Epoch Times, 17 March 2006
  30. 1 2 "Source Reveals Other Chinese Concentration Camps" Epoch Times, 31 March 2006
  31. 1 2 3 David Kilgour, David Matas (6 July 2006, revised 31 January 2007) "An Independent Investigation into Allegations of Organ Harvesting of Falun Gong Practitioners in China" (in 22 languages) organharvestinvestigation.net
  32. ↑ "United Nations Human Rights Special Rapporteurs Reiterate Findings on China's Organ Harvesting from Falun Gong Practitioners", The Information Daily.com, 9 May 2008
  33. ↑ "Chinese Communist Party Subverts Democracies and Rights Abroad". Epoch Times. September 10, 2009. Retrieved December 18, 2009.
  34. ↑ "Editor's Note on Coverage of John Liu: Uncovering a hidden threat". September 10, 2009.
  35. ↑ "John Liu and the United Front". Epoch Times. Retrieved December 18, 2009.
  36. 1 2 Susan Delacourt, "Harper helps Hu keep critics away", thestar.com 25 Jun 2010
  37. ↑ Greenaway, Norma (August 3, 2010). "Liberals decry secrecy around CSIS report". Vancouver Sun. Archived from the original on 2010-08-05. Retrieved 2012-05-25.
  38. ↑ "Chinese-Canadian leader laments spy agency allegations". Vancourier.com. July 29, 2010. Retrieved 2012-05-25.
  39. 1 2 "Paper denies representing Falun Gong". Washington Post. Retrieved 4 December 2015.
  40. 1 2 Ownby, David (2008). Falun Gong and the Future of China. Oxford University Press. p. 223. ISBN 9780199716371.
  41. ↑ Ownby, David (2008). Falun Gong and the Future of China. Oxford University Press. p. 8. ISBN 9780199716371.
  42. 1 2 3 Ownby 2008, p. 221.
  43. ↑ Couldry, Nick; Curran, James (2003-09-22). Contesting Media Power: Alternative Media in a Networked World. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 9780742575202.
  44. ↑ "Paper denies representing Falun Gong". Religionnewsblog.com. Retrieved 6 March 2014.
  45. 1 2 Groot, Gerry; Stafford, Glen (2012). "China and South Australia". In John Spoehr, Purnendra Jain. The Engaging State: South Australia's Engagement with the Asia-Pacific Region. Wakefield Press. p. 103. ISBN 9781743051573. In related vein, another paper with wide distribution but published elsewhere is Epoch Times (Dajiyuan shibao), the qigong meditation religious group Falun gong mouth-piece, which runs a strong anti-communist line.
  46. ↑ Thornton, Patricia M. (2008). "Manufacturing Dissent in Transnational China". In Kevin J. O'Brien. Popular Protest in China. Harvard Contemporary China 15. Harvard University Press. pp. 199–200. ISBN 9780674041585.
  47. ↑ Tong, Clement (2015). "Western Apocalyptic Narratives in the International Arena". In Jean-Guy A. Goulet, Liam D. Murphy, Anastasia Panagakos. Religious Diversity Today: Experiencing Religion in the Contemporary World 3. ABC-CLIO. p. 71. ISBN 9781440833328.
  48. ↑ James Jiann Hua To (2014). Qiaowu: Extra-Territorial Policies for the Overseas Chinese. Brill. p. 97. ISBN 9789004272286.
  49. ↑ Ellwood, Robert S.; Csikszentmihalyi, Mark A. (2007). "East Asian Religions". In Jacob Neusner. World Religions in America. Westminster John Knox Press. p. 217. ISBN 9781611640472. ... the Epoch Times, an anticommunist newspaper connected with the Falun Gong organization...
  50. ↑ Sun, Wanning (2009). Media and the Chinese Diaspora: Community, Communications and Commerce. Routledge. p. xi. ISBN 9781134263592. ...the Epoch Times – a globally circulated pro-Falun Gong, anti-Communist Chinese-language newspaper...
  51. ↑ Denton, Kirk A. (2011). "Yan'an as a Site of Memory". In Marc Andre Matten. Places of Memory in Modern China: History, Politics, and Identity. Leiden Series in Comparative Historiography 5. Brill. p. 268. ISBN 9789004219014. An article in the anti-Communist, Falun Gong Epoch Times claims, without citing any sources, that Zhang's death was the result of an accident involving opium use.
  52. 1 2 Eugenia Chien, "Falun Gong-Linked Media Venture Makes Waves, Raises Questions" New America Media, News Analysis, May 16, 2006
  53. ↑ To, James Jiann Hua (2014). Qiaowu: Extra-Territorial Policies for the Overseas Chinese. BRILL. p. 180. ISBN 9789004272286.
  54. ↑ Herschensohn, Bruce (2006). Taiwan: The Threatened Democracy. WND Books. p. 99. ISBN 9780977898428.
  55. ↑ Sun, Wanning (2009). Media and the Chinese Diaspora: Community, Communications and Commerce. Routledge. pp. xi. ISBN 1134263597.
  56. ↑ Yi-zheng, Lian (2016-01-20). "Hong Kong’s Missing Booksellers". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2016-01-29.
  57. 1 2 "Nine Commentaries on the Communist Party" ninecommentaries.com/english
  58. ↑ The Epoch Times Dec 26, 2004 (December 26, 2004). "Part 8: On How the Chinese Communist Party Is an Evil Cult". The Epoch Times. Retrieved December 18, 2009.
  59. ↑ The Epoch Times (19 August 2005) "Nine Commentaries" Wins National Journalism Award in U.S accessdate 18 December 2009AD
  60. ↑ "Nine Commentaries on the Communist Party" NTDTV youtube.com
  61. ↑ Gossett, Sherrie (15 June 2005). "Independent Chinese Newspaper Bucks Communists". aim.org. Accuracy in Media. Retrieved 19 October 2013.
  62. ↑ "Quitting the CCP". The Epoch Times.
  63. ↑ Epoch Times epochtimes.com
  64. ↑ The Epoch Times (20 Sep 2005) Epoch Times Wins National Award in Canada Retrieved 28 Apr 2013
  65. ↑ "The Epoch Times Wins Prize for Human Rights Reporting". The Epoch Times. 10 May 2006. Retrieved December 18, 2009.
  66. ↑ The Governor General of Canada: Diamond Jubilee Medal Retrieved 28 Apr 2013
  67. ↑ "Find a Recipient". The Governor General of Canada.
  68. ↑ Newspapers Canada (12 October 2012) Three more newspaper publishers receive Diamond Jubilee Medal newspaperscanada.ca Retrieved 20 January 2013
  69. ↑ "National Ethnic Press and Media Council of Canada Award Recipients 2012" sources.com 7 November 2012
  70. ↑ The Epoch Times (13 November 2012) Epoch Times Wins Ethnic Press Media Award Retrieved 28 Apr 2013
  71. ↑ Free-i-News. (8 April 2013) "Epoch Times Wins Newspaper Excellence Award" Retrieved 28 Apr 2013
  72. ↑ The Epoch Times (23 April 2013) "Epoch Times Reporter Wins Prestigious Journalism Award"
  73. ↑ Newswomen’s Club of New York "2013 Front Page Award Winners" newswomensclubnewyork.com
  74. ↑ West, Ananda. "Epoch Times Reporter Wins Newswomen’s Club Award for Hurricane Sandy Coverage", The Epoch Times, October 10, 2013.
  75. ↑ Top 100 MBEs, honoring minority and women entrepreneurs. Accessed November 5, 2013.
  76. ↑ Epoch Times
  77. ↑ Epoch Times
  78. ↑ Epoch Times
  79. ↑ Morais, Betsy. "The Epoch Times doesn't like to brag", Capital Magazine, Jun. 23, 2010
  80. ↑ Ownby 2008, pp. vii–viii, 163, 221–3, 229.
  81. ↑ Thornton, Patricia M. "Manufacturing Dissent in Transnational China" pp. 179–204 in Popular Protest in China, Kevin J. O'Brien (ed.), Harvard University Press 2008
  82. ↑ Ethan Gutman, Facebook. (23 Apr 2012) https://www.facebook.com/ethan.gutmann/posts/10150841176268179
  83. ↑ Facts.org, quoting from Xinhua, March 23, 2006 (Retrieved July 23, 2011)
  84. 1 2 Miller, John Gordon (31 May 2010) "Judge rules that Falun Gong newspaper acted in the public interest" Straight Goods

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