Lymphadenopathy

Lymphadenopathy

Neck lymphadenopathy associated with infectious mononucleosis
Classification and external resources
Specialty Infectious disease
ICD-10 I88, L04, R59.1
ICD-9-CM 289.1-289.3, 683, 785.6
DiseasesDB 22225
MedlinePlus 001301
eMedicine ped/1333
MeSH D008206

Lymphadenopathy or lymphadenitis refers to lymph nodes which are abnormal in size, number or consistency [1] and is often used as a synonym for swollen or enlarged lymph nodes. Common causes of lymphadenopathy are infection, autoimmune disease, or malignancy.

Inflammation as a cause of lymph node enlargement is known as lymphadenitis.[2] In practice, the distinction between lymphadenopathy and lymphadenitis is rarely made. Inflammation of the lymphatic vessels is also known as lymphangitis.[3] Infectious lymphadenitides affecting lymph nodes in the neck are often called scrofula.

The term comes from the word lymph and a combination of the Greek words αδένας, adenas ("gland") and παθεία, patheia ("act of suffering" or "disease").

Due to its peculiar high incidence, the presence of lymphadenopathy is a particularly important sign on the diagnosis of HIV or even, untreated later stages of the infection, AIDS.

Types

Micrograph of dermatopathic lymphadenopathy, a type of lymphadenopathy. H&E stain.

Causes

Lymph node enlargement is recognized as a common sign of infectious, autoimmune, or malignant disease. Examples may include:

Less common infectious causes of lymphadenopathy may include bacterial infections such as cat scratch disease, tularemia, brucellosis, or prevotella.

Benign (reactive) lymphadenopathy

Benign lymphadenopathy is a common biopsy finding, and may often be confused with malignant lymphoma. It may be separated into major morphologic patterns, each with its own differential diagnosis with certain types of lymphoma. Most cases of reactive follicular hyperplasia are easy to diagnose, but some cases may be confused with follicular lymphoma. There are six distinct patterns of benign lymphadenopathy:[25]

These morphological patterns are never pure. Thus, reactive follicular hyperplasia can have a component of paracortical hyperplasia. However, this distinction is important for the differential diagnosis of the cause.

Localization

See also

References

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  2. "lymphadenitis" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
  3. "lymphangitis" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
  4. Fontanilla, JM; Barnes, A; Von Reyn, CF (September 2011). "Current diagnosis and management of peripheral tuberculous lymphadenitis". Clinical Infectious Diseases 53 (6): 555–562. doi:10.1093/cid/cir454. PMID 21865192.
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  9. Kennedy, PG (February 2013). "Clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness)". Lancet Neurology 12 (2): 186–194. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(12)70296-X. PMID 23260189.
  10. 1 2 3 Status and anamnesis, Anders Albinsson. Page 12
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  12. Zhang, H; Wang, R; Wang, H; Xu, Y; Chen, J (June 2012). "Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in Castleman's disease: a systematic review of the literature and 2 case reports". Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan) 51 (12): 1537–1542. doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.51.6298. PMID 22728487.
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  14. Leung, A; Sigalet, DL (June 2003). "Acute Abdominal Pain in Children". American Family Physician 67 (11): 2321–2327.
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  16. Colon, NC; Chung, DH (2011). "Neuroblastoma". Advances in Pediatrics 58 (1): 297–311. doi:10.1016/j.yapd.2011.03.011. PMC 3668791. PMID 21736987.
  17. Sagatys, EM; Zhang, L (January 2011). "Clinical and laboratory prognostic indicators in chronic lymphocytic leukemia". Cancer Control 19 (1): 18–25. PMID 22143059.
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  22. Noguchi, S; Yatera, K; Shimajiri, S; Inoue, N; Nagata, S; Nishida, C; Kawanami, T; Ishimoto, H; Sasaguri, Y; Mukae, H (2012). "Intrathoracic Rosai-Dorfman disease with spontaneous remission: a clinical report and a review of the literature". The Tokohu Journal of Experimental Medicine 227 (3): 231–235. doi:10.1620/tjem.227.231. PMID 22789970.
  23. Weiss, PF (April 2012). "Pediatric vasculitis". Pediatric Clinics of North America 59 (2): 407–423. doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2012.03.013. PMC 3348547. PMID 22560577.
  24. Koh, H; Kamiishi, N; Chiyotani, A; Takahashi, H; Sudo, A; Masuda, Y; Shinden, S; Tajima, A; Kimura, Y; Kimura, T (April 2012). "Eosinophilic lung disease complicated by Kimura's disease: a case report and literature review". Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan) 51 (22): 3163–3167. PMID 23154725.
  25. Weiss, L. M.; O'Malley, D (2013). "Benign lymphadenopathies". Modern Pathology. 26 Suppl 1: S88–96. doi:10.1038/modpathol.2012.176. PMID 23281438.

External links

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