Endothelin 2
Endothelin 2, also known as ET-2, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EDN2 gene.[1]
Function
Endothelin 2 is a member of the endothelin protein family of secretory vasoconstrictive peptides. The preproprotein is processed to a short mature form which functions as a ligand for the endothelin receptors that initiate intracellular signaling events. This gene product is involved in a wide range of biological processes, such as hypertension and ovulation.[1]
References
Further reading
- Arjomand-Nahad F, Landt O, Stangl K; et al. (2006). "Fifteen polymorphisms in endothelin-1, endothelin-2 and endothelin-receptor-A genotyped by four duplex assays and seven simple assays on a LightCycler using hybridization probes.". Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. 44 (8): 929–32. doi:10.1515/CCLM.2006.180. PMID 16879056.
- Ryckman KK, Morken NH, White MJ; et al. (2010). "Maternal and fetal genetic associations of PTGER3 and PON1 with preterm birth.". PLoS ONE 5 (2): e9040. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0009040. PMC 2815792. PMID 20140262.
- Dimoulios P, Kolios G, Notas G; et al. (2005). "Ursodeoxycholic acid reduces increased circulating endothelin 2 in primary biliary cirrhosis.". Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 21 (3): 227–34. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02307.x. PMID 15691296.
- Menon R, Pearce B, Velez DR; et al. (2009). "Racial disparity in pathophysiologic pathways of preterm birth based on genetic variants.". Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol. 7: 62. doi:10.1186/1477-7827-7-62. PMC 2714850. PMID 19527514.
- Kotake-Nara E, Saida K (2006). "Endothelin-2/vasoactive intestinal contractor: regulation of expression via reactive oxygen species induced by CoCl2, and Biological activities including neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells.". ScientificWorldJournal 6: 176–86. doi:10.1100/tsw.2006.37. PMID 16493522.
- Paulino EC, Steil AA, Jancar S (2006). "Effect of endothelins on human neutrophil activation by immune complexes.". Int. Immunopharmacol. 6 (7): 1119–25. doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2006.01.022. PMID 16714215.
- Velez DR, Fortunato SJ, Thorsen P; et al. (2008). "Preterm birth in Caucasians is associated with coagulation and inflammation pathway gene variants.". PLoS ONE 3 (9): e3283. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003283. PMC 2553267. PMID 18818748.
- Dagle JM, Lepp NT, Cooper ME; et al. (2009). "Determination of genetic predisposition to patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants.". Pediatrics 123 (4): 1116–23. doi:10.1542/peds.2008-0313. PMC 2734952. PMID 19336370.
- Wiesmann F, Veeck J, Galm O; et al. (2009). "Frequent loss of endothelin-3 (EDN3) expression due to epigenetic inactivation in human breast cancer.". Breast Cancer Res. 11 (3): R34. doi:10.1186/bcr2319. PMC 2716502. PMID 19527488.
- Meidan R, Levy N (2007). "The ovarian endothelin network: an evolving story.". Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 18 (10): 379–85. doi:10.1016/j.tem.2007.09.002. PMID 17997104.
- Talmud PJ, Drenos F, Shah S; et al. (2009). "Gene-centric association signals for lipids and apolipoproteins identified via the HumanCVD BeadChip.". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 85 (5): 628–42. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.10.014. PMC 2775832. PMID 19913121.
- Rebourcet R, Mignot TM, Robert B, Ferré F (2004). "Endothelin-2 down-regulation occurs in parallel with the anti-proliferative effect of dimethylsulfoxide in BeWO human choriocarcinoma cell line.". Cell. Mol. Biol. (Noisy-le-grand). 50 Online Pub: OL701–12. PMID 15619356.
- Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA; et al. (2004). "The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC).". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.
- Nagai T, Ogimoto A, Okayama H; et al. (2007). "A985G polymorphism of the endothelin-2 gene and atrial fibrillation in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.". Circ. J. 71 (12): 1932–6. doi:10.1253/circj.71.1932. PMID 18037749.
- Velez DR, Fortunato S, Thorsen P; et al. (2009). "Spontaneous preterm birth in African Americans is associated with infection and inflammatory response gene variants.". Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 200 (2): 209.e1–27. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2008.08.051. PMID 19019335.
- Grimshaw MJ, Hagemann T, Ayhan A; et al. (2004). "A role for endothelin-2 and its receptors in breast tumor cell invasion.". Cancer Res. 64 (7): 2461–8. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-03-1069. PMID 15059899.
- Dowal L, Provitera P, Scarlata S (2006). "Stable association between G alpha(q) and phospholipase C beta 1 in living cells.". J. Biol. Chem. 281 (33): 23999–4014. doi:10.1074/jbc.M512330200. PMID 16754659.
- Sun de J, Liu Y, Lu DC; et al. (2007). "Endothelin-3 growth factor levels decreased in cervical cancer compared with normal cervical epithelial cells.". Hum. Pathol. 38 (7): 1047–56. doi:10.1016/j.humpath.2006.12.015. PMID 17445867.
- Darrah R, McKone E, O'Connor C; et al. (2010). "EDNRA variants associate with smooth muscle mRNA levels, cell proliferation rates, and cystic fibrosis pulmonary disease severity.". Physiol. Genomics 41 (1): 71–7. doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00185.2009. PMC 2841492. PMID 20028935.
- Bailey SD, Xie C, Do R; et al. (2010). "Variation at the NFATC2 locus increases the risk of thiazolidinedione-induced edema in the Diabetes REduction Assessment with ramipril and rosiglitazone Medication (DREAM) study.". Diabetes Care 33 (10): 2250–3. doi:10.2337/dc10-0452. PMC 2945168. PMID 20628086.
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