Endemic birds of Hawaii
This article is about endemism among birds in Hawaii. For an overview, see Endemism in birds.
There are 71 known taxa of birds endemic to the Hawaiian Islands, of which 23 are extinct and 30 of the remaining 48 species and subspecies are listed as endangered or threatened by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Habitat loss and avian disease are thought to have had the greatest effect on endemic bird species in Hawaii.
List of species
The following is a list of bird species endemic to the Hawaiian Islands:
Procellariidae
- Hawaiian petrel or ʻuaʻu, Pterodroma sandwichensis VU
- Newell's shearwater or ʻaʻo, Puffinus newelli EN
- Bryan's shearwater, Puffinus bryani CR (P. assimilis: LC)
- Bonin petrel, Pterodroma hypoleuca LC 99% of the total population breeds on the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands
Anatidae
- Hawaiian goose or nēnē, Branta sandvicensis VU
- Hawaiian duck or koloa maoli, Anas wyvilliana EN
- Laysan duck, Anas laysanensis CR
Diomedeidae
- Laysan albatross, Phoebastria immutabilis NT 99.7% of the total population breeds on the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands
- Black-footed albatross, Phoebastria nigripes NT 97.5% of the total population breeds on the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands
Accipitridae
- Hawaiian hawk or ʻio, Buteo solitarius NT
Rallidae
- Laysan rail, Porzana palmeri † EX
- Hawaiian rail or moho, Porzana sandwichensis † EX
- Hawaiian gallinule or ʻalae ʻula, Gallinula chloropus sandwichensis (G. chloropus: LC)
- Hawaiian coot or ʻalae keʻokeʻo, Fulica alai VU
Recurvirostridae
- Hawaiian stilt or aeʻo, Himantopus mexicanus knudseni (NR) (H. mexicanus: LC)
Laridae
- Hawaiian (black) noddy or noio, Anous minutus melanogenys (A. minutus: LC)
Strigidae
- Pueo, Asio flammeus sandwichensis (NR) (A. flammeus: LC)
Mohoidae
- Kauaʻi ʻōʻō, Moho braccatus † EX
- Oʻahu ʻōʻō, Moho apicalis † EX
- Bishop's ʻōʻō, Moho bishopi † EX
- Hawaiʻi ʻōʻō, Moho nobilis † EX
- Kioea, Chaetoptila angustipluma † EX
Corvidae
- Hawaiian crow or ʻalala, Corvus hawaiiensis EW
Monarchidae
- Kauaʻi ʻelepaio, Chasiempis sclateri VU
- Oʻahu ʻelepaio, Chasiempis ibidis EN
- Hawaiʻi ʻelepaio, Chasiempis sandwichensis VU
Sylviidae
- Laysan millerbird, Acrocephalus familaris familaris † (A. familiaris: CR)
- Nihoa millerbird, Acrocephalus familaris kingi (A. familiaris: CR)
Turdidae
- Kamaʻo, Myadestes myadestinus † EX
- ʻĀmaui, Myadestes woahensis † EX
- Olomaʻo, Myadestes lanaiensis lanaiensis (M. lanaiensis: CR)
- ʻOmaʻo, Myadestes obscurus VU
- Puaiohi, Myadestes palmeri CR
Drepanididae
- Laysan finch, Telespiza cantans VU
- Nihoa finch, Telespiza ultima CR
- ʻŌʻū, Psittirostra psittacea CR
- Lanaʻi hookbill, Dysmorodrepanis munroi † EX
- Palila, Loxioides bailleui CR
- Kauaʻi palila, Loxioides kikuichi † EX
- Lesser koa-finch, Rhodacanthis flaviceps † EX
- Greater koa-finch, Rhodacanthis palmeri † EX
- Kona grosbeak, Chloridops kona † EX
- Maui parrotbill, Pseudonestor xanthophrys CR
- Kauaʻi ʻakialoa Akialoa stejnegeri or Hemignathus (ellisianus) procerus † EX
- Oʻahu ʻakialoa, Akialoa ellisiana or Hemignathus ellisianus ellisianus † EX
- Maui Nui ʻakialoa, Akialoa lanaiensis or Hemignathus (ellisianus) lanaiensis † EX
- Lesser ʻakialoa, Akialoa obscura or Hemignathus obscurus † EX
- Common ʻamakihi, Hemignathus virens LC
- Oʻahu ʻamakihi, Hemignathus flavus VU
- Kauaʻi ʻamakihi, Hemignathus kauaiensis VU
- Greater ʻamakihi, Hemignathus sagittirostris † EX
- Maui nukupuʻu, Hemignathus affinis CR
- Kauai nukupuʻu, Hemignathus hanapepe CR
- Oʻahu nukupuʻu, Hemignathus lucidus † EX
- Giant nukupuʻu, Hemignathus vorpalis † EX
- ʻAkiapolaʻau, Hemignathus munroi EN
- ʻAnianiau, Magumma parva VU
- ʻAkikiki, Oreomystis bairdi CR
- Hawaiʻi creeper, Oreomystis mana EN
- Oʻahu ʻalauahio, Paroreomyza maculata CR
- Maui ʻalauahio, Paroreomyza montana EN
- Lanaʻi ʻalauahio, Paroreomyza montana montana † EX
- Kakawahie, Paroreomyza flammea † EX
- ʻAkekeʻe, Loxops caeruleirostris CR
- Hawaiʻi ʻakepa, Loxops coccineus EN
- Maui ʻākepa, Loxops coccineus ochraceus † EX
- Oʻahu ʻākepa, Loxops coccineus wolstenholmei † EX
- ʻUla-ʻai-hawane, Ciridops anna † EX
- ʻIʻiwi, Vestiaria coccinea VU
- Hawaiʻi mamo, Drepanis pacifica † EX
- Black mamo, Drepanis funerea † EX
- ʻAkohekohe, Palmeria dolei CR
- ʻApapane, Himatione sanguinea LC
- Laysan honeycreeper, Himatione fraithii † EX
- Poʻouli, Melamprosops phaeosoma CR
See also
- List of birds of Hawaii
- List of bird species introduced to the Hawaiian Islands
- Endemism in the Hawaiian Islands
- List of extinct animals of the Hawaiian Islands
References
- (2005). Hawaii's Birds. Hawaii Audubon Society. Sixth ed.
External links
- USGS Biology Programs, Informative site but species classification is out of date
- IUCN Redlist of Threatened Species
- Hawai'i's Endemic Forest Birds - Distribution, Status and Population Updates 2002
- Hawaii's Species of Greatest Conservation Need: Process and SGCN Fact Sheets
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