Empress Xiaohuizhang
| Empress Xiaohuizhang | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 | |||||
| Empress Consort of the Qing Dynasty | |||||
| Reign | 1654–1661 | ||||
| Predecessor | Borjigit, Demoted Empress | ||||
| Successor | Empress Xiaochengren | ||||
| Empress Dowager of the Qing Dynasty | |||||
| Reign |
1661–1718 alongside Empress Xiaokangzhang (1661–1663) | ||||
| Predecessor |
Empress Xiaoduanwen (1643–1649) Empress Xiaozhuangwen (1643–1661) | ||||
| Successor | Empress Xiaogongren | ||||
| Born | 5 November 1641 | ||||
| Died | 7 January 1718 (aged 76) | ||||
| Spouse | Shunzhi Emperor | ||||
| |||||
| House |
House of Borjigit (by birth) House of Aisin-Gioro (by marriage) | ||||
| Empress Xiaohuizhang | |||||||
| Chinese name | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese | 孝惠章皇后 | ||||||
| |||||||
| Lady Borjigit | |||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 博爾濟吉特氏 | ||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 博尔吉济特氏 | ||||||
| |||||||
| Manchu name | |||||||
| Manchu script | ᡥᡳᠶᠣᠣᡧᡠᠩᡤᠠ ᡶᡠᠯᡝᡥᡠᠨ ᡝᠯᡩᡝᠮᠪᡠᡥᡝ ᡥᡡᠸᠠᠩᡥᡝᠣ | ||||||
| Romanization | hiyoošungga fulehun eldembuhe hūwangheo | ||||||
Empress Xiaohuizhang (Manchu: Hiyoošungga Fulehun Eldembuhe Hūwanghu; 5 November 1641 – 7 January 1718) was the second Empress Consort of the Shunzhi Emperor of the Qing Dynasty.
Biography
By birth, Empress Xiaohuizhang was a Khorchin Mongol, a branch of the Mongol Borjigit clan. Her personal name is unknown. Her grandfather was Manzhuxili (滿珠習禮), a jasagh of the Khorchins and a son of Jaisang (宰桑), the father of Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang. Her father was Jorji (綽爾濟), a duke among the Khorchins who was later promoted to the status of a beile (貝勒; lord). She had an older brother Eji'er (鄂緝爾), who inherited their father's beile title. Her younger sister was also a concubine of the Shunzhi Emperor and was known as Consort Shuhui (淑惠妃).
In 1653 the Shunzhi Emperor demoted his first empress (known as Borjigit, Demoted Empress) to the rank of a consort. A year later, the future Empress Xiaohuizhang entered the Forbidden City and became a concubine of Shunzhi. One month later she was officially instated as the Shunzhi Emperor's second Empress Consort. However Shunzhi showed little interest in Empress Xiaohuizhang because he favoured Consort Donggo.
When the Shunzhi Emperor died in 1661 he was succeeded by his third son Xuanye (born to Empress Xiaokangzhang), who became the Kangxi Emperor. Empress Xiaohuizhang was granted the title of Empress Dowager Renxian (仁憲皇太后). She remained as empress dowager for the rest of her life. She died in 1718 in the Forbidden City at the age of 78, and was interred in a separate tomb in the Huiling Mausoleum in Hebei.
Posthumous title
Empress Xiaohuizhang's full posthumous title is:
- Empress Xiaohuirenxianduanyicishugong'anchundeshuntianyishengzhang
(孝惠仁憲端懿慈淑恭安純德順天翼聖章皇后)
See also
References
- Daily Life in the Forbidden City, Wan Yi, Wang Shuqing, Lu Yanzhen ISBN 0-670-81164-5
- Draft history of the Qing dynasty《清史稿》卷二百十四．列傳一．后妃傳．世祖孝惠章皇后.
Succession
| Empress Xiaohuizhang House of Borjigin (Боржигин) (1641-1718) | ||
| Chinese royalty | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Borjigit, Demoted Empress |
Empress of China 1654–1661 |
Succeeded by Empress Xiaokangzhang (Empress Xiaochengren actual living successor) |
| Preceded by Empress Xiaokangzhang |
Empress Dowager of China 1661–1718 |
Succeeded by Empress Xiaogongren |