Elections in the Republic of China

Taiwan
This article is part of a series on the
politics and government of
the Republic of China

Elections in the Republic of China refers to the election process to fairly choose public officials, such as the President and head of state of the Republic of China, and also the Legislative Yuan of the Government of the Republic of China (ROC) in Taiwan only by the citizens of the ROC under the principles of universal suffrage, democracy and the rule of law prescribed through the Constitution of the Republic of China, enacted in 1947.[1] ROC is a multi-party state, but there are only a few major parties organized under two political platforms, which are the Pan-Blue Coalition and the Pan-Green Coalition.[2]

History

After 1949 when the ROC Government was forced to move to Taiwan from Mainland China due to military victories by the Russian supported Maoist Chinese Communist Party revolution that had began in 1927 before World War II, the ROC now elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. The president is elected for a four-year term by the people. Prior to 2007, the Legislative Yuan (Lifa Yuan 立法院) had 225 members, 168 members elected for a three-year term in multi-seat constituencies, 8 members representing the aboriginals, 41 members elected by proportional representation and 8 members representing the overseas Chinese elected by proportional representation. Amid 70% public support, the Legislative Yuan voted 217-1 on August 23, 2004 for a package of amendments to:

The new electoral system will include 73 plurality seats (one for each electoral district), 6 seats for aboriginals, with the remaining 34 seats to be filled from party lists. Every county has a minimum of 1 electoral district, thereby guaranteed at least one seat in the legislature, while party lists for the proportionally represented seats must be half women. Members for the 34 member lists seats shall be elected from lists of those political parties in proportion to the number of votes which each party won during the legislative election cycle that exceeded at least 5 percent of the total vote across the full Free Area of the Republic of China (中華民國自由地區). Administratively government is then divided into five branches (the five Yuan, that include): the Executive Yuan (presidential executive cabinet; led by office of premier, serving the national president as head of state), the 113-member Legislative Yuan, the Judicial Yuan, the Control Yuan (audit agency), and the Examination Yuan (civil service examination agency).

Types of election

Central elections

Local elections

Schedule

Election

Position 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Type Legislative Yuan (January)
Presidential (March) 		None Local (November) None Legislative Yuan (January)
Presidential (March) 		None Local (November)
President and Vice President President and Vice President None President and Vice President None
Legislative Yuan All seats None All seats None
Provinces, cities and municipalities None All positions None All positions

Inauguration

Position 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Type Legislative Yuan (February)
Presidential (May) 		None Local (December) None Legislative Yuan (February)
Presidential (May) 		None Local (December)
President and Vice President 20 May None 20 May None
Legislative Yuan 1 February None 1 February None
Provinces, cities and municipalities None 25 December None 25 December

List of elections

Presidential election

Legislative election

2012 Legislative election

 Summary of the 14 January 2012 Legislative Yuan election results
Parties (alliances) constituency + Aboriginal Party block Votes % Total
seats
Seats ± Seats ± Before After ±
Kuomintang 48 Decrease13 16 Decrease4 5,863,379 44.55 81 64 Decrease17
People First Party 1 Steady0 2 Increase2 722,089 5.49 1 3 Increase2
Non-Partisan Solidarity Union 2 Decrease1 0 Steady0 148,105 1.12 3 2 Decrease1
New Party 0 Steady0 0 Steady0 195,960 1.49 0 0 Steady0
Pan-Blue coalition 51 Decrease14 18 Decrease2 7,503,517 51.48 85 69 Decrease16
Democratic Progressive Party 27 Increase14 13 Decrease1 4,556,526 34.62 27 40 Increase13
Taiwan Solidarity Union 0 Steady0 3 Increase3 1,178,896 8.96 0 3 Increase3
Pan-Green coalition 27 Increase14 16 Increase2 5,735,422 43.56 27 43 Increase16
Independents 1 Steady0 0 Steady0 2,528 0.02 1 1 Steady0
Total 79 Steady0 34 Steady0 13,241,467 100% 113 113 Steady0
Source: Central Election Commission

2008 Legislative election

Summary of the Republic of China Legislative Yuan elections, 2008[1]
Parties Constituency and
Aboriginal		 Party list Total seats
Votes % +/−[2] Seats Votes % Seats Outgoing % Incoming % +/−[2]
   Kuomintang registration 5,291,512 53.5 +20.7 61 5,010,801 51.2 20 90 40.0 81 71.7 +31.7
     Kuomintang 54 17 85 71
     People First Party co-nomination[3] 5 3 - 8
     New Party endorsement[4] 2 - 5 2
Non-Partisan Solidarity Union[5] 239,317 2.4 -1.2 3 68,527 0.7 0 8 3.6 3 2.7 -0.9
People First Party[3] 28,254 0.3 -13.3 1 - - - 20 8.9 1 0.9 -8.0
New Party[4] - - (-0.1) - 386,660 4.0 0 - - 0 0 -
Pan-Blue coalition[6] 5,559,083 56.2 +5.7 65 5,465,988 55.9 20 118 52.4 85 75.2 +22.8
   Democratic Progressive Party 3,775,352 38.2 +2.5 13 3,610,106 36.9 14 90 40.0 27 23.9 -16.1
Taiwan Solidarity Union 93,840 0.9 -6.9 0 344,887 3.5 0 7 3.1 0 0 -3.1
Taiwan Constitution Association 3,926 <0.1 0 30,315 0.3 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pan-Green coalition 3,863,118 39.1 -4.4 13 3,954,993 40.7 14 97 43.1 27 23.9 -19.2
   Home Party 6,355 <0.1 0 77,870 0.8 0 0 0 0 0 0
Green Party Taiwan 14,767 0.1 0 58,473 0.6 0 0 0 0 0 0
Taiwan Farmers' Party 8,681 <0.1 0 57,144 0.6 0 0 0 0 0 0
Civil Party 6,562 <0.1 0 48,192 0.5 0 0 0 0 0 0
Third Society Party 10,057 0.1 0 45,594 0.5 0 1 0.4 0 0 -0.4
Hakka Party 8,860 <0.1 0 42,004 0.4 0 0 0 0 0 0
Independents[6] 393,346 4.0 -1.9 1 - - - 1 0.4 1 0.9 +0.5
Vacant - - - - - - - 8 3.6 - - -
Total[7] 10,050,619 - - - 10,076,239 - - 225 100 113 100 -

2005 National Assembly election

 Summary of the 14 May 2005 Republic of China National Assembly election results
Parties Votes Percentage (%) Seats
Parties in favor of the amendments 249
Democratic Progressive Party 1,647,791 42.52
127
Kuomintang 1,508,384 38.92
117
___ Chinese People's Party 41,940 1.08
3
___ Peasant Party 15,516 0.40
1
___ Civil Party 8,609 0.22
1
Parties not in favor of the amendments 51
Taiwan Solidarity Union 273,147 7.05
21
People First Party 236,716 6.11
18
___ 150 persons union led by Jhang Ya Jhong 65,081 1.68
5
New Party 34,253 0.88
3
Non-Partisan Solidarity Union 25,162 0.65
2
Taiwan Independence Party 11,500 0.30
1
___ 20 persons union led by Wang Ting Sing 7,499 0.19
1
Total (turnout ) 300

Referendums in the Republic of China

Main article: Referendums in Taiwan

Party elections

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Elections in the Republic of China.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Elections in Taiwan.

References

  1. ↑ http://www.taiwandocuments.org/constitution01.htm
  2. ↑ http://engweb.cec.gov.tw/files/11-1030-3857.php
  3. ↑ http://engweb.cec.gov.tw/files/11-1030-3859.php

External links

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