EKCO

For the clothing brand, see Eckō Unltd.. For the American cookware brand, see World Kitchen.

EKCO from Eric Kirkham Cole Limited was a British electronics company producing radio and television sets from 1924. Expanding into plastic production for its own use, Ekco Plastics produced both radio cases and later domestic plastic products; the plastics company became Lin Pac Mouldings Ltd.

Early history

E.K Cole (1901-1966)

The company's founder Eric Kirkham Cole was born on 4 July 1901 at Prittlewell, Southend-on-Sea, and was educated at Southend Day Technical School, followed by a three-year apprenticeship. Cole and his future wife Muriel Bradshaw started out making radio sets in 1924.[1]

William Streatfield Verrells, a schoolmaster and freelance journalist from Southend-on-Sea, wrote an article in a local newspaper asking if it was possible to power a radio set from the mains electricity supply rather than batteries. Cole saw a possible business opportunity and set about building his battery eliminator, which he later demonstrated to Verrells. Suitably impressed, Verrells joined Cole in a business venture, with Cole manufacturing the battery eliminators, and Verrells marketing them. In 1926 a private company E.K. Cole Ltd was formed with Verrells as chairman and Cole as vice-chairman. With the extra funding that was raised, the company set up a new factory at Leigh-on-Sea in 1927. After further expansion E.K. Cole Ltd became a public limited company in 1930, and moved to a spacious new factory at Southend-on-Sea. The company also began to concentrate on the manufacture of mains powered radios rather than battery eliminators which were becoming obsolete.

The company suffered a major financial setback in 1932, when a fire swept through its research and development laboratories. The blaze destroyed much of the design work for the company’s new range of receivers.

Architect-designed EKCO bakelite radios from the 1930s

Ekco launched its first car radio at the 1934 Radiolympia exhibition. Another important development for the company was the introduction of bakelite cabinets for its radios.

Initially these cabinets were made for the company in Germany by AEG, however the introduction of high import duties on the cabinets in 1931, forced Ekco to establish its own bakelite moulding shop adjacent to its Southend-on-Sea works.[2] The company employed famous architects such as Serge Chermayeff and Wells Coates to design its bakelite radio cabinets.[3][4]

In 1935 Ekco made a substantial investment in Scophony Limited, the developers of the ingenious Scophony projection television system. Although the Scophony system showed great promise, its development was halted by the Second World War, and not resumed postwar.[2]

World War II

R1155 Receiver on top of T1154 Transmitter.

Before the start of the Second World War the Government decided to disperse certain production to locations away from obvious bombing targets. This led to a shadow factory at Cowbridge House,[5] Malmesbury, Wiltshire being established by Ekco. This was followed by other shadow factories at Aylesbury, Woking, Preston, and Rutherglen. The wartime headquarters of Ekco was based at Aston Clinton House in Buckinghamshire. Following the outbreak of war, the Southend-on-Sea factory was evacuated apart from the bakelite moulding shop whose large moulding presses could not be moved easily. Less than a year later, the empty factory was re-equipped to make wiring looms for aircraft such as the Avro Lancaster.[2]

Malmesbury specialised in the top secret development and production of the new radar systems as part of the "Western Development Unit". Radar equipment produced at Malmesbury during the war included the AI Mk. IV and AI Mk. VIII air interception radars, and the ASV Mk. II air to surface vessel radar.

In addition to radar equipment, Ekco also manufactured the ubiquitous R1155 and T1154 aircraft radios at its Aylesbury shadow factory. Ekco carried out extensive development work on both units before putting them into production, significantly improving on the original Marconi design. The R1155 and T1154 were also produced by Marconi, Plessey, and EMI. The company also manufactured the Wireless Set No. 19 tank radio at Woking. It was a Pye designed set made by several other British and American companies. In 1942, Ekco began production of its Wireless Set No. 46 portable man-pack radio, large numbers of these were made at the company's Woking and Southend-on-Sea factories.

Post war history

Ekco Electronics Avro Anson XI at Blackbushe Airport in 1954, wearing the company's trademark on its fin

It is estimated that by 1945 EKCO had over 8,000 people working for it across various sites making mains and portable TV's, mains and portable radios, radiograms, tape recorders, Car Radios, Electric Heaters, thermovent heaters, Electric Blankets, plastic Toilet Seats, various plastic utensils, plastic bathroom fittings and 'Superbath' baby-baths. It was one of those sites in Malmesbury, Wiltshire that in 1948 production of the Thermotube Tubular Heaters started.

In 1947, the company introduced the Wireless Set No. 88 VHF man-pack transceiver for use by the British Army.

Ekco bought the Dynatron business in 1954[6] and the Ferranti Brown Goods brand in 1957 (though not its heavy industries, defence electronics or meter business).

Radar

During the 1950s, the company produced a number of military radar systems including the ARI 5820 ranging radar for the Hawker Hunter, the ASV Mk. 19 air to surface vessel radar for the Fairey Gannet and the Red Steer tail warning radar for the Avro Vulcan. EKCO also supplied weather radars for a variety of civil aircraft such as the Bristol Britannia, De Havilland Comet, Vickers Vanguard, Vickers VC10 and BAC 111. The company also made the E390/564 weather radar for the Concorde. In 1970, EKCO's radar activities were subsumed into MEL, the military electronics subsidiary of Philips.

British Electronic Industries

Ekco merged with Pye in 1960 to form a new holding company British Electronic Industries Ltd, with C.O. Stanley as Chairman and E.K. Cole as Vice-Chairman. The following year Cole resigned from the board and retired. He died on 18 November 1966 in the Bahamas due to a bathing accident, his wife Muriel having predeceased him in 1965.[1]

In 1966, after an unsuccessful merger in 1960 with Pye and the company seeing a major decline in its TV and Radio production the EKCO / Pye (British Electronic Industries Ltd) merger received two major blows, the death of Eric Cole aged 65 and Pye being involved in a financial scandal, British Electronic Industries Ltd was up for sale. Also in 1966, Pye closed the Southend-on-Sea factory (though maintained its Car Radio repair workshop until 1977) as part of its restructuring plan and by the early 1970s the Ekco brand had all but disappeared.

In 1967, Philips Electrical Industries emerged as the new owner of the Ekco/Pye business which was then split into three different companies.

Ekco-Ensign

In the late 1930s, Ekco began producing its own radio valves at its Southend-on-Sea works. Following the company's decision to abandon the venture, the plant was converted to a lamp factory. In 1943, Ekco acquired Ensign Lamps based in Preston. In 1950, Ekco sold 51% of its lighting subsidiary Ekco-Ensign Electric Ltd. to Thorn Electrical Industries.

References

  1. 1 2 Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: Cole, Eric Kirkham by Rowland F. Pocock
  2. 1 2 3 The Setmakers by Keith Geddes and Gordon Bussey (ISBN 0951704206)
  3. ↑ Art Deco Artists and Art Deco Designers
  4. ↑ http://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O22790/radio-wireless-ekco-ad-65/ 'ECKO (sic) Model AD-65' radio, 1932
  5. ↑ Browning, B (2005). EKCO's of Cowbridge: House and War Factory. Cowbridge Publishing. ISBN 978-0-9551842-0-8.
  6. ↑ Dynatron Museum - History

External links

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