Edward Hyde (c. 1650–1712)
| Edward Hyde | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 1st Governor of the Province of North Carolina | |
|
In office 1711–1712 | |
| Preceded by | none |
| Succeeded by | Charles Eden |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
1667 Hyde, Cheshire, England |
| Died |
8 September 1712 Bertie County, Province of North Carolina |
| Nationality | British |
| Political party | None |
| Spouse(s) | Anne Rigby |
| Children | Anne Hyde |
| Religion | Anglican |
Edward Hyde (1667 – 8 September 1712) was the first colonial governor of the separate colony of North Carolina, from 1711 until his death in 1712. He governed during a time of great turmoil in the colony, including a revolt by the former governor known as Cary's Rebellion and a Native American uprising called the Tuscarora War.
Early life and family
Hyde was born in 1667 to a prominent family in England and was a cousin of Anne Hyde, the first wife of King James II of England. He was a son of Robert Hyde and his wife Phillis Snyed of Cheshire in England. Hyde, along with his sisters, Anne and Penelope, was raised by his grandmother, since his parents died when he was about three years old.
Hyde entered Oxford University in 1683, but he did not complete a degree. In 1692, he married Catherine Rigby, whose family was prominent in Cheshire. Virginian William Byrd described her in his diary as "an abundance of life".[1]
Career in public life
In 1702 Hyde was appointed by Queen Anne as Jamaica’s provost marshal. Hyde served in that position without ever travelling to the Caribbean but did not find it to be lucrative.
Arriving in North Carolina
On 7 December 1710, Hyde was appointed Governor for the Province of North Carolina by the Lords Proprietors of the Carolina Colony. Though the territory between the Virginia border and the Cape Fear River was officially recognized as "north" Carolina as early as 1689, that territory and all of what would become South Carolina was collectively known as the Province of Carolina for the first few decades of settlement, with the royal governor maintaining his residence at Charleston. A deputy governor was appointed for the northern part of the province – until the meeting at which Hyde was appointed.
When he arrived in Virginia, Hyde learned that Governor Edward Tynte, who was appointed Governor of Carolina in 1708 and from whom he was to receive his commission, had died. Hyde proceeded to North Carolina without his commission, where he found dissension about to erupt in violence.
Cary's Rebellion
Thomas Cary was appointed Deputy Governor of Carolina, with responsibility for North Carolina. While he was in the southern portion of the Colony in 1706 - 1708, William Glover as President of the Council was acting Deputy Governor. Meanwhile, a petition had been presented to the Lords Proprietors in London by disgruntled Carolina settlers and Cary was ordered removed as Deputy Governor and the Council elected Glover as Deputy Governor.
There had long been a large population of Quakers in North Carolina and there was growing friction between the Quakers and adherents of the Church of England who wished to see it established as the official church of the colony by law. Quakers were unable, due to their beliefs, to swear oaths required of all officials on the coronation of Queen Anne.
Cary returned to the region and disputed Glover's right to office claiming support from the Quakers. From 1708 until Hyde's arrival in 1710 there was violence and a disputed Assembly election. Ultimately, Hyde's authority was established when Virginia Governor Alexander Spottswood sent a militia into Carolina. A company of royal marines from the guardships in the Chesapeake Bay arrived to aid Hyde in July 1711. Cary's forces laid down their arms and submitted to Governor Hyde.[2]
Tuscarora War
Death
Hyde died of yellow fever on 8 September 1712 in Bertie County, North Carolina.
Legacy
Hyde County, North Carolina, was named for Governor Hyde.[3] Hyde and Anne Rigby had a number of children but only one daughter, Anne Hyde survived them. She married George Clarke who served as acting Governor of New York.
References
- ↑ Byrd, William. The secret diary of William Byrd of Westover, 1709-1712. Research library of colonial Americana. New York: Arno Press, 1972.
- ↑ Herbert R. Paschal, Jr., A History of Colonial Bath (Raleigh, N.C.: Edwards & Broughton, 1955).
- ↑ Gannett, Henry (1905). The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States. Govt. Print. Off. p. 164.
| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by None |
Colonial Governor of North Carolina 1711–1712 |
Succeeded by Charles Eden |
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