East Orange, New Jersey

East Orange, New Jersey
City
City of East Orange

East Orange Fire Headquarters

Map of East Orange in Essex County. Inset: Location of Essex County highlighted in the State of New Jersey.

Census Bureau map of East Orange, New Jersey
Coordinates: 40°45′54″N 74°12′43″W / 40.765058°N 74.211862°W / 40.765058; -74.211862Coordinates: 40°45′54″N 74°12′43″W / 40.765058°N 74.211862°W / 40.765058; -74.211862[1][2]
Country  United States
State  New Jersey
County Essex
Incorporated March 4, 1863
Government[3]
 • Type City
 • Body City Council
 • Mayor Lester E. Taylor, III (term ends December 31, 2017)[4][5]
 • Administrator Michele Ralph-Rawls.[6]
 • Clerk Cynthia Brown[7]
Area[1]
 • Total 3.924 sq mi (10.164 km2)
 • Land 3.924 sq mi (10.164 km2)
 • Water 0.000 sq mi (0.000 km2)  0.00%
Area rank 300th of 566 in state
10th of 22 in county[1]
Elevation[8] 177 ft (54 m)
Population (2010 Census)[9][10][11][12]
 • Total 64,270
 • Estimate (2014)[13] 65,078
 • Rank 20th of 566 in state
2nd of 22 in county[14]
 • Density 16,377.1/sq mi (6,323.2/km2)
 • Density rank 12th of 566 in state
2nd of 22 in county[14]
Time zone Eastern (EST) (UTC-5)
 • Summer (DST) Eastern (EDT) (UTC-4)
ZIP codes 07017-07019[15][16]
Area code(s) 973[17]
FIPS code 3401319390[1][18][19]
GNIS feature ID 0885200[1][20]
Website www.eastorange-nj.gov

East Orange is a city in Essex County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census the city's population was 64,270,[9][10][11] reflecting a decline of 5,554 (-8.0%) from the 69,824 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn declined by 3,728 (-5.1%) from the 73,552 counted in the 1990 Census.[21] The city was the state's 20th most-populous municipality in 2010, after having been the state's 14th most-populous municipality in 2000.[22]

East Orange was originally incorporated as a township by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on March 4, 1863, from portions of Orange town, and was reincorporated as a city on December 9, 1899, based on the results of a referendum held two days earlier.[23]

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city had a total area of 3.924 square miles (10.164 km2), all of it land.[1][2]

East Orange shares borders with Newark to the east and south, South Orange to the southwest, Orange to the west, and Glen Ridge and Bloomfield to the north.[24][25]

Unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the city include Ampere and Brick Church.[26]

Neighborhoods

A reminder of East Orange's former wealth. The Ambrose-Ward Mansion was built in 1898 for a book manufacturer, now the home of the African-American Fund of New Jersey

East Orange is officially divided into five wards, but is also unofficially divided into a number of neighborhoods.

Demographics

Historical population
Census Pop. %±
18704,315—
18808,34993.5%
189013,28259.1%
190021,50661.9%
191034,37159.8%
192050,71047.5%
193068,02034.1%
194068,9451.4%
195079,34015.1%
196077,259−2.6%
197075,471−2.3%
198077,8783.2%
199073,552−5.6%
200069,824−5.1%
201064,270−8.0%
Est. 201465,078[13][31]1.3%
Population sources:
1870–1920[32] 1870[33][34]
1870–1890[35] 1880–1890[36]
1890–1910[37] 1900–1930[38]
1930–1990[39] 2000[40][41] 2010[9][10][11][22]

2010 Census

At the 2010 United States Census, there were 64,270 people, 24,945 households, and 14,742 families residing in the city. The population density was 16,377.1 per square mile (6,323.2/km2). There were 28,803 housing units at an average density of 7,339.5 per square mile (2,833.8/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 4.13% (2,657) White, 88.51% (56,887) Black or African American, 0.39% (248) Native American, 0.72% (465) Asian, 0.06% (38) Pacific Islander, 3.69% (2,370) from other races, and 2.50% (1,605) from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 7.93% (5,095) of the population.[9]

There were 24,945 households, of which 29.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 23.3% were married couples living together, 29.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.9% were non-families. 35.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.53 and the average family size was 3.33.[9]

In the city, 25.7% of the population were under the age of 18, 10.2% from 18 to 24, 27.8% from 25 to 44, 24.6% from 45 to 64, and 11.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35.0 years. For every 100 females there were 81.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 75.4 males.[9]

The Census Bureau's 2006–2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $40,358 (with a margin of error of +/- $1,873) and the median family income was $50,995 (+/- $2,877). Males had a median income of $38,642 (+/- $1,851) versus $39,843 (+/- $2,187) for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,298 (+/- $746). About 17.8% of families and 21.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 32.5% of those under age 18 and 16.4% of those age 65 or over.[42]

2000 Census

As of the 2000 United States Census[18] there were 69,824 people, 26,024 households, and 16,082 families residing in the city. The population density was 17,776.6 people per square mile (6,859.8/km2). There were 28,485 housing units at an average density of 7,252.0 per square mile (2,798.5/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 89.46% Black or African American, 3.84% White, 0.25% Native American, 0.43% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 2.14% from other races, and 3.80% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.70% of the population.[40][41]

Public playgrounds in East Orange, 1908
A pre-WWII apartment on South Munn Avenue in East Orange.

There were 26,024 households out of which 31.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 26.0% were married couples living together, 28.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.2% were non-families. 33.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 3.37.[40][41]

In the city the population was spread out with 28.1% under the age of 18, 9.8% from 18 to 24, 30.1% from 25 to 44, 20.8% from 45 to 64, and 11.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females there were 81.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 74.7 males.[40][41]

The median income for a household in the city was $32,346, and the median income for a family was $38,562. Males had a median income of $31,905 versus $30,268 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,488. About 15.9% of families and 19.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.7% of those under age 18 and 14.0% of those ages 65 or over.[40][41]

As part of the 2000 Census, 89.46% of East Orange's residents identified themselves as being Black or African American. This was one of the highest percentages of African American and Caribbean American people in the United States, and the second-highest in New Jersey (behind Lawnside, at 93.6%) of all places with 1,000 or more residents identifying their ancestry. East Orange also has a large Haitian American community, with 2,852 persons claiming Haitian ancestry in the 2000 Census.[43]

Although still a small percentage of total residents, Orange and East Orange have the largest concentrations of Guyanese Americans in the country. In the 2000 Census, 2.5% of East Orange residents identified as being of Guyanese ancestry. While Queens and Brooklyn had larger populations in terms of raw numbers, Orange (with 2.9%) and East Orange had the highest percentage of people of Guyanese ancestry of all places in the United States with at least 1,000 people identifying their ancestry.[44]

Economy

Portions of East Orange are part of an Urban Enterprise Zone that was one of seven established by legislation in 1996. In addition to other benefits to encourage employment within the Zone, shoppers can take advantage of a reduced 3½% sales tax rate (versus the 7% rate charged statewide) at eligible merchants.[45]

Government

City Hall

East Orange is governed under the City form of New Jersey municipal government. The government consists of a mayor and a city council made up of ten members, two representing each of the city's five geographic political subdivisions called wards. The mayor is elected directly by the voters. The ten members of the city council are elected to four-year terms on a staggered basis, with one seat in each ward coming up for election every other year.[3][24]

The City Council performs the legislative functions of municipal government by enacting ordinances, resolutions or motions, and is responsible for review and adoption of the municipal budget that has been submitted by the mayor.[46]

As of 2015, the Mayor of East Orange is Lester E. Taylor, III, whose term of office ends December 31, 2017.[4] Members of the City Council are:[46][47][48]

The first African-American Mayor of East Orange, New Jersey was William S. Hart, Sr., who was elected to two consecutive terms, serving in office from 1970 to 1978.[54] Hart Middle School was named after him.

Federal, state and county representation

Post Office

East Orange is located in the 10th Congressional District[55] and is part of New Jersey's 34th state legislative district.[10][56][57]

New Jersey's Tenth Congressional District is represented by Donald Payne, Jr. (D, Newark).[58] New Jersey is represented in the United States Senate by Cory Booker (D, Newark, term ends 2021)[59] and Bob Menendez (D, Paramus, 2019).[60][61]

For the 2016–2017 session (Senate, General Assembly), the 34th Legislative District of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by Nia Gill (D, Montclair) and in the General Assembly by Thomas P. Giblin (D, Montclair) and Sheila Oliver (D, East Orange).[62] The Governor of New Jersey is Chris Christie (R, Mendham Township).[63] The Lieutenant Governor of New Jersey is Kim Guadagno (R, Monmouth Beach).[64]

Essex County is governed by a directly-elected County Executive, with legislative functions performed by the Board of Chosen Freeholders.[65] As of 2014, the County Executive is Joseph N. DiVincenzo, Jr.[66] The county's Board of Chosen Freeholders consists of nine members, four elected on an at-large basis and one from each of five wards, who serve three-year terms of office on a concurrent basis, all of which end December 31, 2014.[65][67][68] Essex County's Freeholders are Freeholder President Blonnie R. Watson (at large; Newark),[69] Freeholder Vice President Patricia Sebold (at large; Livingston),[70] Rufus I. Johnson (at large; Newark),[71] Gerald W. Owens (At large; South Orange, filling the vacant seat after the resignation of Donald Payne, Jr.)[72] Rolando Bobadilla (District 1 - Newark's North and East Wards, parts of Central and West Wards; Newark),[73] D. Bilal Beasley (District 2 - Irvington, Maplewood and Newark's South Ward and parts of West Ward; Irvington),[74] Carol Y. Clark (District 3 - East Orange, Newark's West and Central Wards, Orange and South Orange; East Orange)[75] and Leonard M. Luciano (District 4 - Caldwell, Cedar Grove, Essex Fells, Fairfield, Livingston, Millburn, North Caldwell, Roseland, Verona, West Caldwell and West Orange; West Caldwell),[76] and Brendan W. Gill (District 5 - Belleville, Bloomfield, Glen Ridge, Montclair and Nutley; Montclair).[77][78][79] Constitutional elected countywide are County Clerk Christopher J. Durkin (West Caldwell, 2015),[80] Sheriff Armando B. Fontoura (2015)[81] and Surrogate Theodore N. Stephens, II (2016).[82][67][83]

Politics

As of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 36,280 registered voters in East Orange, of which 21,646 (59.7%) were registered as Democrats, 396 (1.1%) were registered as Republicans and 14,228 (39.2%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were 10 voters registered to other parties.[84]

In the 2012 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 98.5% of the vote (24,862 cast), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 1.3% (330 votes), and other candidates with 0.2% (46 votes), among the 25,375 ballots cast by the city's 39,668 registered voters (137 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 64.0%.[85][86] In the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 97.7% of the vote (24,718 cast), ahead of Republican John McCain with 1.6% (408 votes) and other candidates with 0.1% (35 votes), among the 25,304 ballots cast by the city's 36,891 registered voters, for a turnout of 68.6%.[87] In the 2004 presidential election, Democrat John Kerry received 93.2% of the vote (19,447 ballots cast), outpolling Republican George W. Bush with 5.9% (1,225 votes) and other candidates with 0.4% (128 votes), among the 20,856 ballots cast by the city's 33,328 registered voters, for a turnout percentage of 62.6.[88]

In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Democrat Barbara Buono received 88.0% of the vote (9,413 cast), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 11.3% (1,212 votes), and other candidates with 0.7% (75 votes), among the 11,269 ballots cast by the city's 41,016 registered voters (569 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 27.5%.[89][90] In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Democrat Jon Corzine received 94.4% of the vote (12,554 ballots cast), ahead of Republican Chris Christie with 2.9% (380 votes), Independent Chris Daggett with 1.2% (153 votes) and other candidates with 0.5% (63 votes), among the 13,295 ballots cast by the city's 36,157 registered voters, yielding a 36.8% turnout.[91]

Education

East Orange School District operates the public schools of East Orange. The district is one of 31 former Abbott districts statewide,[92] which are now referred to as "SDA Districts" based on the requirement for the state to cover all costs for school building and renovation projects in these districts under the supervision of the New Jersey Schools Development Authority.[93][94]

As of the 2011-12 school year, the district's 20 schools had an enrollment of 9,709 students and 867.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.20:1.[95] Schools in the district (with 2011-12 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics[96]) are Althea Gibson Early Childhood Academy[97] (171 students; in grades PreK and K), Wahlstrom Early Childhood Center[98] (167; PreK-K), Benjamin Banneker Academy[99] (491; PreK-5), Edward T. Bowser, Sr. School of Excellence[100] (719; PreK-5), George Washington Carver Institute of Science and Technology[101] (417; PreK-5), Johnnie L. Cochran, Jr. Academy[102] (254; K-5), Mildred Barry Garvin School[103] (350; PreK-5), Whitney E. Houston Academy of Creative & Performing Arts[104] (436; PreK-8), Langston Hughes Elementary School[105] (562; PreK-5), J. Garfield Jackson, Sr. Academy[106] (288; K-5), Ecole Touissant Louverture[107] (309 ; PreK-5), Gordon Parks Academy School of Radio, Animation, Film and Television[108] (313; PreK-5), Cicely L. Tyson Community Elementary School[109] (509 ; PreK-5), Dionne Warwick Institute of Economics and Entrepreneurship[110] (453; PreK-5), Patrick F. Healy Middle School[111] (420; 6), John L. Costley Middle School[112] (453; 7), Sojourner Truth Middle School[113] (459; 8), Cicely Tyson School of Performing and Fine Arts[114] (863 ; 6-12), East Orange Campus High School[115] located on the former campus of Upsala College (1,876; 9-12), East Orange STEM Academy[116] (199; 9-12), Fresh Start Academy Middle School - Glenwood Campus[117] (6-8) and Fresh Start Academy High - Edmonson Alternative[118] (9-12).[119][120][121]

East Orange Community Charter School is a public charter school that operates independently of the school district under a charter granted by the New Jersey Department of Education.[122]

The East Orange Public Library at one time included three of the original 36 Carnegie-funded libraries in New Jersey.[123] It has a collection of 344,000 volumes and circulates about 319,000 items annually.[124] from four locations.

Ahlus Sunnah School is a K-12 madrasah that has been in East Orange since 2005.[125]

Transportation

Roads and highways

East Orange lies at the intersection of the Garden State Parkway and Interstate 280.

The Garden State Parkway passes through the city, connecting Newark in the south to Bloomfield in the north.[126] The Parkway is accessible at Interchange 145 for Interstate 280 and at Interchange 147 for Springfield Avenue.[127]

As of May 2010, the city had a total of 83.43 miles (134.27 km) of roadways, of which 73.27 miles (117.92 km) were maintained by the municipality, 6.30 miles (10.14 km) by Essex County and 1.52 miles (2.45 km) by the New Jersey Department of Transportation and 2.34 miles (3.77 km) by the New Jersey Turnpike Authority.[128]

Public transportation

Local transportation around the city and into neighboring communities is provided by ONE Bus bus routes 24 & 44 and multiple New Jersey Transit public bus lines, which includes routes 5, 21, 34, 41, 71, 73, 79, 90, 92, 94, and 97.[129]

New Jersey Transit also runs two commuter rail train stations in East Orange, both located along the Morris & Essex Lines.[130] The East Orange Station is found beside the westbound lanes of Interstate 280, directly across its parking lot from East Orange City Hall.[131] Just one mile west up Main Street is Brick Church Station, the city's second rail stop and the more heavily used of the two.[132] Both have seven-day service to Hoboken Terminal as well as Midtown Direct service to New York Penn Station in Midtown Manhattan.

The city is 7.8 miles (12.6 km) from Newark Liberty International Airport in the nearby cities of Newark and Elizabeth.

Sister city

East Orange is a sister city of:

Country City County/District/Province/Region/State Date
 Kenya Nakuru Nakuru County unknown [133]

Notable people

People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with East Orange include:

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 2010 Census Gazetteer Files: New Jersey County Subdivisions, United States Census Bureau. Accessed May 21, 2015.
  2. 1 2 "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
  3. 1 2 2012 New Jersey Legislative District Data Book, Rutgers University Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, March 2013, p. 148.
  4. 1 2 Welcome Message from Mayor Lester E. Taylor III, City of East Orange. Accessed November 4, 2014.
  5. ↑ 2015 New Jersey Mayors Directory, New Jersey Department of Community Affairs, as of October 20, 2015. Accessed November 10, 2015.
  6. ↑ City Administrator, City of East Orange. Accessed January 2, 2014.
  7. ↑ City Clerk, City of East Orange. Accessed September 19, 2012.
  8. ↑ U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: City of East Orange, Geographic Names Information System. Accessed March 5, 2013.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 DP-1 - Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 for East Orange city, Essex County, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed December 17, 2011.
  10. 1 2 3 4 Municipalities Grouped by 2011-2020 Legislative Districts, New Jersey Department of State, p. 14. Accessed January 6, 2013.
  11. 1 2 3 Table DP-1. Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2010 for East Orange city, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Accessed December 17, 2011.
  12. ↑ "2010 Census Populations", Asbury Park Press. Accessed September 11, 2011.
  13. 1 2 PEPANNRES - Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014 - 2014 Population Estimates for New Jersey municipalities, United States Census Bureau. Accessed May 21, 2015.
  14. 1 2 GCT-PH1 Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - State -- County Subdivision from the 2010 Census Summary File 1 for New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 19, 2012.
  15. ↑ orange&state=NJ Look Up a ZIP Code for East Orange, NJ, United States Postal Service. Accessed December 17, 2011.
  16. ↑ Zip Codes, State of New Jersey. Accessed October 9, 2013.
  17. ↑ Area Code Lookup - NPA NXX for East Orange, NJ, Area-Codes.com. Accessed October 9, 2013.
  18. 1 2 "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  19. ↑ A Cure for the Common Codes: New Jersey, Missouri Census Data Center. Accessed May 24, 2012.
  20. ↑ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  21. ↑ Table 7. Population for the Counties and Municipalities in New Jersey: 1990, 2000 and 2010, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development, February 2011. Accessed September 19, 2012.
  22. 1 2 The Counties and Most Populous Cities and Townships in 2010 in New Jersey: 2000 and 2010, United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 11, 2011.
  23. ↑ Snyder, John P. The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606-1968, Bureau of Geology and Topography; Trenton, New Jersey; 1969. p. 127. Accessed March 8, 2012.
  24. 1 2 Ward Boundaries, City of East Orange. Accessed December 17, 2011.
  25. ↑ Areas touching East Orange, MapIt. Accessed May 4, 2015.
  26. ↑ Locality Search, State of New Jersey. Accessed May 4, 2015.
  27. ↑ "An Energy Plan For The City of East Orange, New Jersey", Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, October 2010. Accessed November 4, 2014.
  28. ↑ About Our Parks, City of East Orange. Accessed November 4, 2014.
  29. ↑ Hart, Bill. East Orange in Vintage Postcards, P. 28. Arcadia Publishing, 2000. ISBN 9780738504575. Accessed November 4, 2014.
  30. ↑ Daniel Dodd settles on land near Watsessing Plain, East Orange Interactive Museum. Accessed November 4, 2014.
  31. ↑ Census Estimates for New Jersey April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014, United States Census Bureau. Accessed May 21, 2015.
  32. ↑ Compendium of censuses 1726-1905: together with the tabulated returns of 1905, New Jersey Department of State, 1906. Accessed October 9, 2013.
  33. ↑ Raum, John O. The History of New Jersey: From Its Earliest Settlement to the Present Time, Volume 1, pp. 245-6, J. E. Potter and company, 1877. Accessed October 9, 2013. "East Orange township was formed from part of the town of Orange, March 4th, 1863, and in 1870 contained a population of 4,315."
  34. ↑ Staff. A compendium of the ninth census, 1870, p. 259. United States Census Bureau, 1872. Accessed October 9, 2013.
  35. ↑ Salisbury, Rollin D. The Physical Geography of New Jersey: Volume IV. of the Final Report of the State Geologist, p. 154. Trenton, New Jersey, The John L. Murphy Publishing Company, 1898. Accessed May 24, 2012.
  36. ↑ Porter, Robert Percival. Preliminary Results as Contained in the Eleventh Census Bulletins: Volume III - 51 to 75, p. 98. United States Census Bureau, 1890. Accessed October 9, 2013.
  37. ↑ Thirteenth Census of the United States, 1910: Population by Counties and Minor Civil Divisions, 1910, 1900, 1890, United States Census Bureau, p. 336. Accessed October 9, 2013. Population for 1890 is listed in footnote 11.
  38. ↑ Fifteenth Census of the United States : 1930 - Population Volume I, United States Census Bureau, p. 710. Accessed December 17, 2011.
  39. ↑ New Jersey Resident Population by Municipality: 1930 - 1990 at the Wayback Machine (archived May 2, 2009), Workforce New Jersey Public Information Network, backed up by the Internet Archive as of May 2, 2009. Accessed June 28, 2015.
  40. 1 2 3 4 5 Census 2000 Profiles of Demographic / Social / Economic / Housing Characteristics for East Orange city, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 19, 2012.
  41. 1 2 3 4 5 DP-1: Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2000 - Census 2000 Summary File 1 (SF 1) 100-Percent Data for East Orange city, Essex County, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 19, 2012.
  42. ↑ DP03: Selected Economic Characteristics from the 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates for East Orange city, Essex County, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed March 8, 2012.
  43. ↑ African American Communities, EPodunk. Accessed June 28, 2006.
  44. ↑ Guyanese Communities, EPodunk. Accessed August 21, 2006.
  45. ↑ Urban Enterprise Zone Tax Questions and Answers, New Jersey Department of Community Affairs, May 2009. Accessed August 23, 2015. "The legislation was amended in 1996 to include seven additional zones. They were all predetermined and include East Orange, Guttenberg, Hillside, Irvington, North Bergen, Pemberton and West New York."
  46. 1 2 Office of the City Council, City of East Orange. Accessed March 15, 2015.
  47. ↑ 2014 Municipal Data Sheet, City of East Orange. Accessed November 4, 2014.
  48. ↑ Municipal Officials in Essex County As of January 2012, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed October 9, 2013.
  49. ↑ Council Members First Ward, City of East Orange. Accessed March 15, 2015.
  50. ↑ Council Members Second Ward, City of East Orange. Accessed March 15, 2015.
  51. ↑ Council Members Third Ward, City of East Orange. Accessed March 15, 2015.
  52. ↑ Council Members Fourth Ward, City of East Orange. Accessed March 15, 2015.
  53. ↑ Council Members Fifth Ward, City of East Orange. Accessed March 15, 2015.
  54. ↑ Herbers, John. "VOTERS IGNORING THE PARTY LABEL; Elections Indicate Decline in Organizations' Stability -- Polarization Grows Returns Across Country", The New York Times, November 6, 1969. Accessed December 17, 2011. "For example, William S. Hart, a Democrat, was elected the first Negro Mayor of a major New Jersey municipality, East Orange."
  55. ↑ Plan Components Report, New Jersey Redistricting Commission, December 23, 2011. Accessed January 6, 2013.
  56. ↑ 2015 New Jersey Citizen's Guide to Government, p. 56, New Jersey League of Women Voters. Accessed May 22, 2015.
  57. ↑ Districts by Number for 2011-2020, New Jersey Legislature. Accessed January 6, 2013.
  58. ↑ Directory of Representatives: New Jersey, United States House of Representatives. Accessed January 5, 2012.
  59. ↑ About Cory Booker, United States Senate. Accessed January 26, 2015. "He now owns a home and lives in Newark's Central Ward community."
  60. ↑ Biography of Bob Menendez, United States Senate, January 26, 2015. "He currently lives in Paramus and has two children, Alicia and Robert."
  61. ↑ Senators of the 114th Congress from New Jersey. United States Senate. Accessed January 26, 2015. "Booker, Cory A. - (D - NJ) Class II; Menendez, Robert - (D - NJ) Class I"
  62. ↑ Legislative Roster 2016-2017 Session, New Jersey Legislature. Accessed January 17, 2016.
  63. ↑ "About the Governor". State of New Jersey. Retrieved 2010-01-21.
  64. ↑ "About the Lieutenant Governor". State of New Jersey. Retrieved 2010-01-21.
  65. 1 2 General Information, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 9, 2014. "The Board of Chosen Freeholders consists of nine members, five of whom are elected from districts and four of whom are elected at-large. They are elected for three-year concurrent terms and may be re-elected to successive terms at the annual election in November."
  66. ↑ Essex County Executive, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 9, 2014.
  67. 1 2 Essex County Elected Officials, Essex County Clerk, as of February 2012. Accessed July 9, 2014.
  68. ↑ Definition of a Freeholder, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 9, 2014.
  69. ↑ Blonnie R. Watson, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 9, 2014.
  70. ↑ Patricia Sebold, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 9, 2014.
  71. ↑ Rufus I. Johnson, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 9, 2014.
  72. ↑ Lee, Eunice. "Labor leader from South Orange tapped as new Essex County freeholder", The Star-Ledger, December 19, 2012. Accessed July 9, 2014. "A longtime labor union leader from South Orange was sworn in this afternoon as the newest Essex County freeholder.Gerald Owens, 74, is a general organizer for the International Longshoremen's Association.... Owens is filling the seat vacated by former at-large freeholder Donald Payne Jr., who stepped down from the post last month after securing the 10th Congressional District seat left open by his late father."
  73. ↑ Rolando Bobadilla, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 9, 2014.
  74. ↑ D. Bilal Beasley, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 9, 2014.
  75. ↑ Carol Y. Clark, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 9, 2014.
  76. ↑ Leonard M. Luciano, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 9, 2014.
  77. ↑ Brendan W. Gill, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 9, 2014.
  78. ↑ The Board of Chosen Freeholders, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 9, 2014.
  79. ↑ Breakdown of Freeholder Districts, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 9, 2014.
  80. ↑ About Christopher J. Durkin, Essex County Clerk. Accessed July 9, 2014.
  81. ↑ Armando B. Fontoura - Essex County Sheriff, Essex County Sheriff's Office. Accessed July 9, 2014.
  82. ↑ Office of Surrogate, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 9, 2014.
  83. ↑ County Directory, Essex County, New Jersey. Accessed July 9, 2014.
  84. ↑ Voter Registration Summary - Essex, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, March 23, 2011. Accessed November 5, 2012.
  85. ↑ "Presidential General Election Results - November 6, 2012 - Essex County" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Elections. March 15, 2013. Retrieved December 24, 2014.
  86. ↑ "Number of Registered Voters and Ballots Cast - November 6, 2012 - General Election Results - Essex County" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Elections. March 15, 2013. Retrieved December 24, 2014.
  87. ↑ 2008 Presidential General Election Results: Essex County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 23, 2008. Accessed November 5, 2012.
  88. ↑ 2004 Presidential Election: Essex County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 13, 2004. Accessed November 5, 2012.
  89. ↑ "Governor - Essex County" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Elections. January 29, 2014. Retrieved December 24, 2014.
  90. ↑ "Number of Registered Voters and Ballots Cast - November 5, 2013 - General Election Results - Essex County" (PDF). New Jersey Department of Elections. January 29, 2014. Retrieved December 24, 2014.
  91. ↑ 2009 Governor: Essex County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 31, 2009. Accessed November 5, 2012.
  92. ↑ Abbott Districts, New Jersey Department of Education, backed up by the Internet Archiveas of May 15, 2009. Accessed August 14, 2012.
  93. ↑ What are SDA Districts?, New Jersey Schools Development Authority. Accessed August 14, 2012. "SDA Districts are 31 special-needs school districts throughout New Jersey. They were formerly known as Abbott Districts, based on the Abbott v. Burke case in which the New Jersey Supreme Court ruled that the State must provide 100 percent funding for all school renovation and construction projects in special-needs school districts.... The districts were renamed after the elimination of the Abbott designation through passage of the state's new School Funding Formula in January 2008."
  94. ↑ SDA Districts, New Jersey Schools Development Authority. Accessed August 14, 2012.
  95. ↑ District information for East Orange School District, National Center for Education Statistics. Accessed November 4, 2014.
  96. ↑ School Data for the East Orange School District, National Center for Education Statistics. Accessed November 4, 2014.
  97. ↑ Althea Gibson Early Childhood Academy, East Orange School District. Accessed November 4, 2014.
  98. ↑ Wahlstrom Early Childhood Center, East Orange School District. Accessed November 4, 2014.
  99. ↑ Benjamin Banneker Academy, East Orange School District. Accessed November 4, 2014.
  100. ↑ Edward T. Bowser, Sr. School of Excellence, East Orange School District. Accessed November 4, 2014.
  101. ↑ George Washington Carver Institute of Science and Technology, East Orange School District. Accessed November 4, 2014.
  102. ↑ Johnnie L. Cochran, Jr. Academy, East Orange School District. Accessed November 4, 2014.
  103. ↑ Mildred Barry Garvin School, East Orange School District. Accessed November 4, 2014.
  104. ↑ Whitney E. Houston Academy of Creative & Performing Arts, East Orange School District. Accessed November 4, 2014.
  105. ↑ Langston Hughes Elementary School, East Orange School District. Accessed November 4, 2014.
  106. ↑ J. Garfield Jackson, Sr. Academy, East Orange School District. Accessed November 4, 2014.
  107. ↑ Ecole Touissant Louverture, East Orange School District. Accessed November 4, 2014.
  108. ↑ Gordon Parks Academy School of Radio, Animation, Film and Television, East Orange School District. Accessed November 4, 2014.
  109. ↑ Cicely L. Tyson Community Elementary School, East Orange School District. Accessed November 4, 2014.
  110. ↑ Dionne Warwick Institute of Economics and Entrepreneurship, East Orange School District. Accessed November 4, 2014.
  111. ↑ Patrick F. Healy Middle School, East Orange School District. Accessed November 4, 2014.
  112. ↑ John L. Costley Middle School, East Orange School District. Accessed November 4, 2014.
  113. ↑ Sojourner Truth Middle School, East Orange School District. Accessed November 4, 2014.
  114. ↑ Cicely L. Tyson Community School of Performing and Fine Arts, East Orange School District. Accessed November 4, 2014.
  115. ↑ East Orange Campus High School, East Orange School District. Accessed November 4, 2014.
  116. ↑ East Orange STEM Academy, East Orange School District. Accessed November 4, 2014.
  117. ↑ Fresh Start Academy Middle School - Glenwood Campus, East Orange School District. Accessed November 4, 2014.
  118. ↑ Fresh Start Academy High - Edmonson Alternative, East Orange School District. Accessed November 4, 2014.
  119. ↑ Meet the East Orange Schools, East Orange School District. Accessed November 4, 2014.
  120. ↑ Schools, East Orange School District. Accessed November 4, 2014.
  121. ↑ New Jersey School Directory for the East Orange School District, New Jersey Department of Education. Accessed November 4, 2014.
  122. ↑ School Profile, East Orange Community Charter School. Accessed March 8, 2012.
  123. ↑ Meet the East Orange Public Library, East Orange Public Library. Accessed November 4, 2014.
  124. ↑ East Orange Public Library, librarytechnology.org. Accessed November 4, 2014.
  125. ↑ Ahlus Sunnah School, Accessed April 11, 2012.
  126. ↑ Garden State Parkway Straight Line Diagram, New Jersey Department of Transportation, January 1997. Accessed November 4, 2014.
  127. ↑ Travel Resources: Interchanges, Service Areas & Commuter Lots, New Jersey Turnpike Authority. Accessed November 4, 2014.
  128. ↑ Essex County Mileage by Municipality and Jurisdiction, New Jersey Department of Transportation, May 2010. Accessed July 18, 2014.
  129. ↑ Essex County Bus / Rail Connections at the Wayback Machine (archived May 22, 2009), New Jersey Transit, backed up by the Internet Archive as of May 25, 2009. Accessed September 11, 2011.
  130. ↑ Morristown Line, New Jersey Transit. Accessed October 9, 2013.
  131. ↑ East Orange station, New Jersey Transit. Accessed October 9, 2013.
  132. ↑ Brick Church station, New Jersey Transit. Accessed October 9, 2013.
  133. ↑ Online Directory: New Jersey, USA at the Wayback Machine (archived July 5, 2008), Sister Cities International, backed up by the Internet Archive as of July 5, 2008. Accessed October 9, 2013.
  134. ↑ via Associated Press. "'Roots' Lead Man Waiting For Windfall", Ocala Star-Banner, February 14, 1977. Accessed January 23, 2011.
  135. ↑ Celebrity Rap Superstar › Cast › Jamal Anderson (Contestant), MTV. Accessed October 9, 2013. "Born in East Orange, N.J., Jamal Anderson was a running back with the NFL's Atlanta Falcons from 1994 to 2001."
  136. ↑ Billy Ard, NFL.com. Accessed August 29, 2015.
  137. ↑ Bloom, Harold. "James Blish: 1921-1975", Science fiction writers of the golden age, p. 63. Chelsea House, 1995. ISBN 0-7910-2199-8. "James Blish 1921–1975 James Benjamin Blish was born on May 23, 1921, in East Orange, New Jersey, the only child of Asa Rhodes Blish and Dorothea Schneewind Blish."
  138. ↑ Kinney, Mike. "ESSEX BASKETBALL: Former East Orange players to honor Bobb Lester Monday night", The Star-Ledger, December 3, 2010. Accessed May 4, 2015. "Among the former East Orange stars expected are 1972 grad Mike Dabney, who later became an All-American at Rutgers, Clyde Bradshaw, Mike Booker and Cleveland Eugene."
  139. ↑ Schwaneberg, Robert. "Education building honors a champion: Rights lawyer Carter argued Brown case", copy of article from The Star-Ledger, November 21, 2006, at the Warren County Education Association. Accessed March 5, 2012. "Almost 54 years ago, Robert L. Carter stood before the U.S. Supreme Court and argued that segregated schools can never be equal.... Yesterday, the Trenton building that houses the state Department of Education was dedicated in honor of Carter, who grew up in Newark and East Orange and is now a federal judge in New York.... Born in Florida, Carter was 6 weeks old when his family moved to Newark. He attended Barringer High School in Newark and East Orange High School, graduating at age 16 after skipping two grades."
  140. ↑ Lusting, Jay. "Bill Chinnock tribute hits the Stone Pony on Saturday", The Star-Ledger, March 26, 2010. Accessed September 24, 2013. "Chinnock was born in Newark, and spent most of his childhood in Millburn and East Orange."
  141. ↑ Pareles, Jon. "Shooting for Excess", The New York Times, September 9, 1996. Accessed January 23, 2011. "Sharing the bill was Chino XL, a fast-talking rapper from East Orange, NJ, who respects no one."
  142. ↑ Troy CLE, The Tavis Smiley Show, September 7, 2007. Accessed November 29, 2007. "A native of East Orange, NJ, CLE has worked as a student teacher in the NYC public school system and as a hip-hop producer."
  143. ↑ Shanker, Thom. "Adm. William J. Fallon: An Experienced Naval Officer, and a Diplomat", The New York Times, January 8, 2007. Accessed December 10, 2007. "William Joseph Fallon was born Dec. 30, 1944, in East Orange, N.J., and raised in Merchantville."
  144. ↑ Franklin William Fort, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed August 22, 2007.
  145. ↑ "FLIGHT LEADER DIES IN FLAMING CRASH; Major Geiger, Commander of Aberdeen (Md.) Field, Is Burned to Death. FAILS IN DESPERATE JUMP Accident Occurs at Olmstead Field, Pa. – Was a Native of East Orange, N.J.", The New York Times, May 18, 1927. Accessed July 14, 2008.
  146. ↑ Magee, Jerry. Tennis pioneer Althea Gibson dies at 76: U.S., Wimbledon champ paved the way for blacks", The San Diego Union-Tribune, September 29, 2003. Accessed January 23, 2011. "No player of either gender in any sport arguably overcame more in becoming a champion than Gibson, who died yesterday in East Orange, N.J., where she was a semi-recluse."
  147. ↑ AFC honors go to three first-time winners, NFL.com, December 6, 2006. "The East Orange, N.J., native directed the club on two drives of more than 90 yards, both resulting in touchdowns."
  148. ↑ Mickle, Paul. "Opening arguments begin in Tate George fraud trial", New Haven Register, September 10, 2013. Accessed June 3, 2015. "After opening arguments Tuesday morning before U.S. District Court Judge Mary L. Cooper, Knight took the stand and told federal prosecutor Joseph Shumofsky he and George grew up in the same East Orange neighborhood."
  149. ↑ 'Illinois Blue Book 1981-1982,' Biographical Sketch of Mary Jeanne "Molly" Hallstrom, p. 70.
  150. ↑ Jensen, Trevor. "Mary Jeanne 'Dolly' Hallstrom: 1924 - 2006; Won office after suffering stroke; Republican legislator served in Illinois House and with the state Human Rights Commission", Chicago Tribune, August 6, 2006. Accessed June 3, 2015. "Mrs. Hallstrom was born in East Orange, N.J., and attended Catholic boarding school, her son said."
  151. ↑ The State of Jazz: Meet 40 More Jersey Greats, The Star-Ledger, September 28, 2004.
  152. ↑ Percy, Eileen. "Durante Will Be Made an M. G. M. Star; 'Schnozzle; Has Ste Record for Saving Pictures.", The Milwaukee Sentinel, October 26, 1932. "Ann Harding began hers 15 years ago in a dramatic class at East Orange High school."
  153. ↑ O'Brien, J. Scott. Ann Harding: Cinema's Gallant Lady, BearManor Media, 2010. ISBN 9781593935351.
  154. ↑ MccFadden, Robert D. "Carolyn Heilbrun, Pioneering Feminist Scholar, Dies at 77", The New York Times, October 11, 2003. Accessed March 1, 2012. "Carolyn Gold Heilbrun was born on Jan. 13, 1926, in East Orange, N.J., the only child of Archibald Gold, an accountant, and Estelle Roemer Gold, who, her daughter would recall, 'sat at home and was bored out of her mind.' The family moved to Manhattan when Ms. Heilbrun was 6, and she became a voracious reader, devouring Nancy Drew and Judy Bolton mysteries and, as a teenager, the novels of Virginia Woolf and Willa Cather."
  155. ↑ Farrell, Mary D. "France Cox Henderson", Handbook of Texas Online. Accessed November 4, 2014. "In the last years of her life she was busy as a community leader in East Orange, New Jersey. She established the House of the Good Shepherd for aged and invalid women and a laundry for older women who were able to work."
  156. ↑ "Back to the Magic: Hill Returns to Orlando", Orlando Magic. Accessed March 6, 2008.
  157. ↑ Buffum, Joanna. "That Thing; Aug 9: Ms. Lauryn Hill, the iconic East Orange native, rapper, actress and original member of ground-breaking hip-hop group the Fugees, takes the stage at the Count Basie Theatre.", New Jersey Monthly, July 31, 2014. Accessed November 4, 2014.
  158. ↑ Biography: Lauryn Hill, Academy of Achievement, last updated October 8, 2013. Accessed November 4, 2014. "Lauryn Noelle Hill was born in East Orange, New Jersey, and grew up in nearby South Orange."
  159. ↑ Stetler, Carrie. "What happened to Whitney?", The Seattle Times, March 22, 2004. Accessed January 23, 2011. "Houston was born in Newark, N.J., and reared in East Orange, the daughter of acclaimed gospel/soul singer Cissy Houston, who sang backup for everyone from Aretha Franklin to Elvis Presley."
  160. ↑ Houlihan, Mary. "Ian has learned the truth from controversies", Chicago Sun-Times, April 23, 2004. Accessed December 18, 2007. "Ian grew up in East Orange, N.J., in a musical family."
  161. ↑ The 50 Greatest New Jersey Sports Figures, Sports Illustrated, December 27, 1999.
  162. ↑ Reinhard, Paul. "Anything Is Possible For Jarrod", The Morning Call, July 30, 1991. Accessed October 24, 2011. "Well, by the time he graduated from Seton Hall Prep in West Orange, N.J., Johnson had blossomed into a 243-pound center. 'It's good I didn't gain another 100 pounds between my freshman and senior years in college,' he quipped yesterday during a telephone conversation. Johnson, an East Orange, N.J., native who as a young boy rooted for the Pittsburgh Steelers after watching them win Super Bowl IX, became an outstanding center at Lehigh University."
  163. ↑ Colonel E. Lester Jones, NOAA. Accessed December 20, 2007. " Ernest Lester Jones, the son of Charles Hopkins and Ida (Lester) Jones was born in East Orange, New Jersey on April 14, 1876."
  164. ↑ Assemblyman LeRoy J. Jones, Jr. at the Wayback Machine (archived February 25, 1998), New Jersey Legislature backed up as of February 25, 1998. Accessed June 7, 2010.
  165. ↑ Brandin Knight, Pitt Panthers men's basketball. Accessed June 3, 2015.
  166. ↑ Brevin Knight, New Jersey Sports Heroes. Accessed June 3, 2015. "Brevin Adon Knight was born November 8, 1975 in Livingston. He grew up in East Orange, and was the first of two accomplished basketball players in the family. Brandin, six years younger, also played pro ball."
  167. ↑ "The Robertson Treatment Vol. 6.7; Queen Latifah holding court in Hollywood!", Baltimore Afro-American, March 28, 2003. Accessed December 11, 2007. "'I've always loved musicals,' admits the actress who was born Dana Owens and was raised in the East Orange, NJ area and who presently lives in Rumson, NJ."
  168. ↑ Clara Louise Maass, Find A Grave. Accessed August 23, 2007.
  169. ↑ Parker, Ev. "Parker's Pen: ‘I Surrender Dear’", Napa Valley Register, January 3, 2011. Accessed January 23, 2011. "MacRae, once a kid from East Orange, N.J., sang 'Oh, What a Beautiful Mornin from the musical 'Oklahoma'."
  170. ↑ Durso, Joseph. "3 Starters Typify Mets' New Deal; Three New Pets Which Hot Dog Is First?", The New York Times, March 7, 1978. Accessed January 23, 2011.
  171. ↑ Pilgrim Journey, Wayne State University Press. Accessed September 24, 2007. "The daughter of a Baptist pastor, Madgett was born in Virginia and moved with her family to East Orange, New Jersey as a toddler."
  172. ↑ Daniel F. Minahan, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed July 16, 2007.
  173. ↑ Kasper, Shirl. Annie Oakley, p. 189. (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1992). ISBN 9780806132440. Accessed October 9, 2013.
  174. ↑ Norris, Chris. "Pop Goes the Ghetto", New York (magazine), June 19, 1995. Accessed September 11, 2011. "Treach - Naughty's machete-wielding, padlock-and-chain-wearing lead rapper - was drawing lines in his lyrics between Them and Us, set in a musical backdrop that erased them. And with that - and two more giant-selling singles - three kids from the slums of East Orange, New Jersey, became a pop band."
  175. ↑ Newman, Melinda. "Naturi's a Natural", New Jersey Monthly, December 8, 2008. Accessed September 19, 2012. "East Orange native Naturi Naughton plays rapper Lil' Kim in a film about the life of hip-hop artist Notorious B.I.G., which opens Jan. 16."
  176. ↑ Connor, Tracy; Parascandola, Rocco; Andrade, Joaquim; and Paddock, Barry. "Jonathan Parisen faces rap in boozy S.I. train dodge ", daily News (New York), January 9, 2012. Accessed May 24, 2012. "Parisen, who recently moved to East Orange, N.J., from Staten Island, has directed little-seen films about 9/11 and the TWA Flight 800 crash and launched a bunch of oddball art projects."
  177. ↑ "Eddie Rabbitt, 56, Whose Songs Zigzagged From Pop to Country", The New York Times, May 9, 1998. Accessed May 24, 2012. "The son of Irish immigrants, he was born in Brooklyn and raised in East Orange, N.J."
  178. ↑ Staff. "Shareefa's 'Point of No Return' Hits Stores October 24", Starpulse.com, October 8, 2006. Accessed September 11, 2011. "Raised between Brick City (Newark) and East Orange, young Shareefa was a fan of legendary singers from the time she was a child."
  179. ↑ Tom Verducci Archive, Sports Illustrated, backed up by the Internet Archive as of March 20, 2015. "Born in East Orange, New Jersey, and raised in Glen Ridge, New Jersey, Verducci led his high school football team to a state championship, calling his catch of the winning touchdown pass in the title game as the defining sports moment of his life."
  180. ↑ Albert Lincoln Vreeland, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed July 16, 2007.
  181. ↑ Hu, Winnie. "For a Singer’s 1940s Alma Mater, a 21st-Century Gift", The New York Times, September 21, 2010. Accessed September 11, 2011. "Once a neighborhood school called Lincoln, it was renamed for Ms. Warwick, a winner of five Grammy awards, in 1996 after becoming a theme school for business. Ms. Warwick attended the school, which now draws students from across the district, in the late 1940s."
  182. ↑ Staff. "Mystery Plot: Whodunit in Newark?", The New York Times, August 26, 1994. Accessed February 6, 2012. "Ms. Wilson Wesley grew up in Ashford, Conn., and now lives in Montclair, N.J., with her husband and two daughters. But she lived in nearby East Orange in the early 1970s, and Tamara's yellow-and-green Cape Cod is modeled on her old house."
  183. ↑ Simons, Marlise. "George Whitman, Paris Bookseller and Cultural Beacon, Is Dead at 98", The New York Times, December 14, 2011. Accessed December 18, 2011."George Whitman was born on Dec. 12, 1913, in East Orange, N.J., and grew up in Salem, Mass."
  184. ↑ William Halsted Wiley, Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Accessed July 11, 2007.
  185. ↑ Eftimiades, Maria. "Radio Personality Without Limits", The New York Times, July 2, 1989. Accessed May 24, 2012. "From his early days, growing up in East Orange, Mr. Williams has always had a passion for radio talk shows."

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