Maltitol
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| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name
4-O-α-D-Glucopyranosyl-D-glucitol | |
| Other names
Amalty Lesys Maltisweet SweetPearl | |
| Identifiers | |
585-88-6  | |
| ChEMBL | ChEMBL63558  |
| ChemSpider | 432001 |
| Jmol interactive 3D | Image |
| PubChem | 493591 |
| UNII | D65DG142WK |
| |
| |
| Properties | |
| C12H24O11 | |
| Molar mass | 344.31 g·mol−1 |
| Melting point | 145 °C (293 °F; 418 K) |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
| verify (what is ?) | |
| Infobox references | |
Maltitol is a sugar alcohol (a polyol) used as a sugar substitute. It has 75–90% of the sweetness of sucrose (table sugar) and nearly identical properties, except for browning. It is used to replace table sugar because it is half as caloric, does not promote tooth decay, and has a somewhat lesser effect on blood glucose. In chemical terms, maltitol is known as 4-O-α-glucopyranosyl-D-sorbitol. It is used in commercial products under trade names such as Lesys, Maltisweet and SweetPearl.
Production and uses
Maltitol is a disaccharide produced by hydrogenation of maltose obtained from starch. Maltitol syrup, a hydrogenated starch hydrolysate, is created by hydrogenating corn syrup: a mixture of carbohydrates produced from the hydrolysis of starch; this product contains between 50% and 80% maltitol by weight. The remainder is mostly sorbitol, with a small quantity of other sugar-related substances.[1]
Maltitol's high sweetness allows it to be used without being mixed with other sweeteners. It exhibits a negligible cooling effect (positive heat of solution) in comparison with other sugar alcohols, and is very similar to the subtle cooling effect of sucrose.[2] It is used in candy manufacture, particularly sugar-free hard candy, chewing gum, chocolates, baked goods, and ice cream. The pharmaceutical industry uses maltitol as an excipient, where it is used as a low-calorie sweetening agent. Its similarity to sucrose allows it to be used in syrups with the advantage that crystallization (which may cause bottle caps to stick) is less likely. Maltitol may also be used as a plasticizer in gelatin capsules, as an emollient, and as a humectant.[3]
Nutritional information
Maltitol provides between 2 and 3 kcalories/g.[4]
Chemical properties
Maltitol in its crystallized form measures the same (bulk) as table sugar and browns and caramelizes in a manner very similar to that of sucrose after liquifying by exposure to intense heat. The crystallized form is readily dissolved in warm liquids (120 °F/48.9 °C and above); the powdered form is preferred if room temperature or cold liquids are used. Due to its sucrose-like structure, maltitol is easy to produce and made commercially available in crystallized, powdered, and syrup forms.
It is not metabolized by oral bacteria, so it does not promote tooth decay. It is somewhat more slowly absorbed than sucrose, which makes it somewhat more suitable for people with diabetes than sucrose. Its food energy value is 2.1 kilocalories (Cal) per gram (8.8 kJ/g); (sucrose is 3.9 Cal/g (16.2 kJ/g)).
Laxative effect
Like other sugar alcohols (with the exception of erythritol), large quantities of maltitol can have a laxative effect.[5]
Until specific research is conducted, persons with bowel disorders should consider whether lesser quantities of maltitol could have disproportionately undesirable effects that the Cargill studies avoided quantifying by using only test subjects with healthy digestive systems.
Government warnings
In countries such as Australia, Canada, Norway, Mexico and New Zealand, maltitol carries a mandatory warning such as "Excessive consumption may have a laxative effect." In the United States, it is a generally recognized as safe (GRAS) substance, with a recommendation of a warning about its laxative potential when consumed at levels above 100 grams per day.
References
- ↑ Application A537 – Reduction in the energy factor assigned to Maltitol: Final Assessment Report (PDF), Food Standards Australia New Zealand, 5 October 2005, retrieved 27 January 2014
- ↑ Field, Simon Quellen; Simon Field (2007). Why There's Antifreeze in Your Toothpaste. p. 86. ISBN 9781556526978.
- ↑ Cargill:Products and Services
- ↑ "Evidence-Based Nutrition Principles and Recommendations for the Treatment and Prevention of Diabetes and Related Complications" (PDF). Diabetes Care January 25 (1): 148–198. 2002. doi:10.2337/diacare.25.1.148.
- ↑ Cargill – Food and Beverage Ingredients: Maltidex maltitol
External links
- Maltitol, Calorie Control Council
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