List of rulers of Partitioned Poland
- This list concerns the monarchs of Partitioned Poland, from 1795 and 19th and early 20th century claimants to the Polish throne. For the historical monarchs of Poland until 1795, see List of Polish monarchs.
Kings and Tsars of the Kingdom of Poland
| Ruler | Dynasty | Reign Began | Reign Ended | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alexander I (Aleksander I) | .png) | Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov | 9 June 1815 | 1 December 1825 | The Kingdom of Poland created at the Congress of Vienna and therefore dubbed "Congress Poland". |
| Nicholas I (Mikołaj I) |  | Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov | 1 December 1825 | 2 March 1855 | deposed by the Polish Parliament (Sejm) on 25 January 1831 during November Uprising (1830–1831), autonomy abolished in 1832. |
| Alexander II (Aleksander II) | .jpg) | Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov | 2 March 1855 | 13 March 1881 | The Kingdom of Poland annexed into the Russian Empire after January Uprising (1863–1864), and the name of the kingdom was changed to Vistula Land (1867–1915) |
| Alexander III (Aleksander III) |  | Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov | 13 March 1881 | 1 November 1894 | |
| Nicholas II (Mikołaj II) |  | Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov | 1 November 1894 | 15 March 1917 | during World War I "Vistula Land" was looted and abandoned by the retreating Russian army in 1915; abdicated in 1917 |
Kings and Queens of Galicia and Lodomeria (Galicja)
| Ruler | Dynasty | Reign Began | Reign Ended | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maria Theresa (Maria Teresa) | .jpg) | Habsburg | 22 September 1772 | 29 November 1780 | the area annexed by the Habsburg Monarchy in the First Partition of Poland (the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth); Empress Maria Theresa of Austria (who was also Queen of Hungary, Queen of Bohemia, etc.) recalled the old Hungarian claims to the Regnum Galiciæ et Lodomeriæ, and Czech claims to the Duchies of Auschwitz and Zator |
| Joseph II (Józef II) |  | Habsburg-Lorraine | 29 November 1780 | 20 February 1790 | |
| Leopold II (Leopold II) | .png) | Habsburg-Lorraine | 20 February 1790 | 1 March 1792 | |
| Francis II (Franciszek II) |  | Habsburg-Lorraine | 1 March 1792 | 2 March 1835 | the last Holy Roman Emperor, ruling from 1792 until 6 August 1806, when he abdicated and the Empire was formally dissolved. In 1804, he had founded the Austrian Empire and became Francis I, the first Emperor of Austria (Kaiser von Österreich) |
| Ferdinand I (Ferdynand I) |  | Habsburg-Lorraine | 2 March 1835 | 2 December 1848 | after the unsuccessful Cracow Uprising of 1846, the Free City of Cracow was annexed by Austria on 16 November 1846 as the Grand Duchy of Cracow; the full official name of the province was extended to Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, and the Grand Duchy of Cracow with the Duchies of Auschwitz and Zator |
| Francis Joseph I (Franciszek Józef I) |  | Habsburg-Lorraine | 2 December 1848 | 21 November 1916 | after the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867, and the reorganization of the Empire as the Dual Monarchy, a broad autonomy was granted to Galicia and Lodomeria within Cisleithania, the Austrian part of Austria-Hungary |
| Charles I (Karol I) |  | Habsburg-Lorraine | 21 November 1916 | 11 November 1918 | renounced all participation in affairs of state but did not abdicate |
Dukes of Warsaw (Warszawa)
| Ruler | Dynasty | Reign Began | Reign Ended | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frederick Augustus I (Fryderyk August) |  | Wettin | 9 July 1807 | 14 March 1813 | grandson of Augustus III King of Saxony 1805–1827 Duchy of Warsaw established by Napoleon I in 1807 as a protectorate of the French Empire, dissolved at the Congress of Vienna and divided into the Kingdom of Poland, protectorate of the Russian Empire, and the Grand Duchy of Posen, protectorate of the Kingdom of Prussia |
Dukes of Danzig (Gdańsk)
| Ruler | Dynasty | Reign Began | Reign Ended | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| François Joseph Lefebvre (Franciszek Józef Lefebvre) |  | Lefebvre | 9 September 1807 | 2 January 1814 | Free City of Danzig, a semi-independent state established by Napoleon I in 1807, dissolved at the Congress of Vienna and reincorporated into Prussia |
Grand Dukes of Posen (Poznań)
| Ruler | Dynasty | Reign Began | Reign Ended | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Frederick William III (Fryderyk Wilhelm III) |  | Hohenzollern | 9 June 1815 | 7 June 1840 | The Grand Duchy of Posen created at the Congress of Vienna; represented by Duke-Governor Antoni Radziwiłł until 1831. |
| Frederick William IV (Fryderyk Wilhelm IV) |  | Hohenzollern | 7 June 1840 | 2 January 1861 | autonomy abolished on June 28, 1848; the Grand Duchy was formally replaced by the Province of Posen in the Prussian constitution of 5 December 1848. |
| William I (Wilhelm I) |  | Hohenzollern | 2 January 1861 | 9 March 1888 | The Province of Posen, within the Kingdom of Prussia, became a part of the German Empire (1871–1918) |
| Frederick III (Fryderyk III) |  | Hohenzollern | 9 March 1888 | 15 June 1888 | |
| William II (Wilhelm II) |  | Hohenzollern | 15 June 1888 | 9 November 1918 | abdicated in 1918 |
Bibliography
- Grodziski S., Polska w czasach przełomu (1764-1815), Kraków 2001. ISBN 83-85719-45-8
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