Drum stick
A drum stick is a type of percussion mallet used particularly for playing snare drum, drum kit and some other percussion instruments, and particularly for playing unpitched percussion.
Specialized beaters used on some other percussion instruments, such as the metal beater or wand used with a triangle, and particularly beaters or mallets used with tuned percussion such as xylophone and timpani, are not normally referred to as drum sticks. Drum sticks generally have all of the following characteristics:
- They are normally supplied and used in pairs.
- They are held in the hands, most often one in each hand.
- They may be used to play at least some sort of drum (as well as other instruments).
- They are normally used only for untuned percussion.
Construction
The archetypical drum stick is turned from a single piece of wood, most commonly of hickory, less commonly of maple, and least commonly but still in significant numbers, of oak.[1] Drum sticks of the traditional form are also made from metal, carbon fibre and other modern materials.
The tip or bead is the part most often used to strike the instrument. Originally and still commonly of the same piece of wood as the rest of the stick, sticks with nylon tips have also been available since 1958, originally conceived by Jonathan Humphrey and Joe Calato in Niagara Falls, NY. In the 1970s, an acetal tip was introduced, designed by Ken Drinan and Paul Kiersted.
Tips of whatever material are of various shapes, including acorn, barrel, oval, teardrop, pointed and round.
The shoulder of the stick is the part that tapers towards the tip, and is normally slightly convex. It is often used for playing the bell of a cymbal. It can also be used to produce a cymbal crash when applied with a glancing motion to the bow or edge of a cymbal, and for playing ride patterns on china, swish and pang cymbals.
The shaft is the body of the stick, and is cylindrical for most applications including drum kit and orchestral work. It is used for playing cross stick and applied in a glancing motion to the rim of a cymbal for the loudest cymbal crashes.
The butt is the opposite end of the stick to the tip. Some rock and metal musicians use it rather than the tip.
Conventional numbering
Plain wooden drum sticks are most commonly described using a number to describe the weight and diameter of the stick followed by one or more letters to describe the tip. For example, a 7A is a common jazz stick with a wooden tip, while a 7AN is the same weight of stick with a nylon tip, and a 7B is a wooden tip but with a different tip profile, shorter and rounder than a 7A. A 5A is a common wood tipped rock stick, heavier than a 7A but with a similar profile. The numbers are most commonly odd but even numbers are used occasionally, in the range 2 (heaviest) to 9 (lightest).
The exact meanings of both numbers and letters differ from manufacturer to manufacturer, and some sticks are not described using this system at all, just being known as Jazz (typically a 7AN or 8AN) or Heavy Rock (typically a 4B or 5B) for example. The most general purpose stick is a 5A (wood tip, for snare tone) or 5AN (nylon tip, for cymbal tone).
Techniques
Grip
There are two main ways of holding drumsticks:
- Traditional grip, in which right and left hands use different grips.
- Matched grip, in which the two hand grips are mirror-image.
Traditional grip was developed to conveniently play a snare drum while marching, and was documented and popularised by Sanford A. Moeller in The Art of Snare Drumming (1925). It was the standard grip for kit drummers in the first half of the twentieth century and remains popular, and the standard grip for most snare drummers.
Matched grips are normal for most other instruments, and became popular for kit drumming towards the middle of the twentieth century, threatening to displace the traditional grip for kit drumming. However the traditional grip has since made a comeback, and both types of grip are still used and promoted by leading kit drummers and teachers.
Popular brands
- Pro Orca
- Vic Firth
- Agner
- Pro-Mark
- Vater
- Zildjian
- Regal Tip
- Tama Drums
- Silverfox
- Stagg
- Innovative Percussion
- Cooperman
- Chord
References
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