Chlorothiazide

Chlorothiazide

Systematic (IUPAC) name
6-chloro-1,1-dioxo-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide
Clinical data
Trade names	Diuril
AHFS/Drugs.com	monograph
MedlinePlus	a682341
Pregnancy category	US: C (Risk not ruled out)
Legal status	US: ℞-only
Routes of administration	Oral, IV
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	low
Metabolism	Nil
Biological half-life	45 to 60 hours
Excretion	Renal
Identifiers
CAS Number	58-94-6 Y
ATC code	C03AA04
PubChem	CID 2720
IUPHAR/BPS	4835
DrugBank	DB00880 Y
ChemSpider	2619 Y
UNII	77W477J15H Y
KEGG	D00519 Y
ChEBI	CHEBI:3640 Y
ChEMBL	CHEMBL842 Y
Chemical data
Formula	C7H6ClN3O4S2
Molar mass	295.72 g/mol
SMILES O=S(=O)(c1c(Cl)cc2c(c1)S(=O)(=O)/N=C\N2)N
InChI InChI=1S/C7H6ClN3O4S2/c8-4-1-5-7(2-6(4)16(9,12)13)17(14,15)11-3-10-5/h1-3H,(H,10,11)(H2,9,12,13) Y Key:JBMKAUGHUNFTOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y
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Chlorothiazide sodium (Diuril) is an organic compound used as a diuretic and as an antihypertensive.^[1]

It is used both within the hospital setting or for personal use to manage excess fluid associated with congestive heart failure. Most often taken in pill form, it is usually taken orally once or twice a day. In the ICU setting, chlorothiazide is given to diurese a patient in addition to furosemide (Lasix). Working in a separate mechanism than furosemide, and absorbed enterically as a reconstituted suspension administered through a nasogastric tube (NG tube), the two drugs potentiate one another.

Indications

• Large amount of excess fluid including:
  • Diagnosed congested heart failure
  • Peripheral edema
  • Rales / Rhonchi
  • Hypertension

Contraindications

• Renal failure or insufficiency
• Allergies to sulfa drugs

Side effects

• Nausea / Vomiting
• Headache
• Dizziness
• Excess urine production
• Dehydration
• Hypoelectrolytemia (esp. hypokalemia / hypomagnesia)

History

The Research team of Merck Sharp and Dohme Research Laboratories of Beyer, Sprague, Baer, and Novello created a new series of medications, the thiazide diuretics, which includes chlorothiazide. They won an Albert Lasker Special Award in 1975 for this work.^[2]

References