Summit (meeting)
A summit meeting (or just summit) is a meeting of heads of state or government, usually with considerable media exposure, tight security, and a prearranged agenda. Notable summit meetings include those of Franklin D. Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, and Joseph Stalin during World War II. However, the term summit was not commonly used for such meetings until the Geneva Summit (1955).[1] During the Cold War, when American presidents joined with Soviet or Chinese counterparts for one-on-one meetings, the media labelled the event as a "summit". The post–Cold War era has produced an increase in the number of "summit" events. Nowadays, international summits are the most common expression for global governance.[2]
Notable summits
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- U.S.-British Staff Conference (ABC-1) (January 29–March 27, 1941)
- Atlantic Conference (August 9–12, 1941)
- Moscow Conference (September 29–October 1, 1941)
- Arcadia Conference (December 22, 1941 – January 14, 1942)
- Second Washington Conference (June 20–25, 1942)
- Second Moscow Conference (August 12–19, 1942)
- Cherchell Conference (October 21–22, 1942)
- Casablanca Conference (January 14–24, 1943)
- Bermuda Conference (April 19, 1943)
- Third Washington Conference (May 12–27, 1943)
- Quebec Conference (August 17–24, 1943)
- Third Moscow Conference (October 18–November 1, 1943)
- Cairo Conference (November 22-November 26, 1943)
- Tehran Conference (November 28-December 1, 1943)
- Second Cairo Conference (December 4–6, 1943)
- Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference (May 1–16, 1944)
- United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference (Bretton Woods) (July 1–15, 1944)
- Dumbarton Oaks Conference (August 21–29, 1944)
- Second Quebec Conference (September 12–16, 1944)
- Fourth Moscow Conference (October 9, 1944)
- Malta Conference (January 30–February 2, 1945)
- Yalta Conference (February 4–11, 1945)
- United Nations Conference on International Organization (April 25–June 26, 1945)
- Potsdam Conference (July 17–August 2, 1945)
G-summits
- Group of Six (G6), heads of government
- Group of Seven (G7), heads of government
- 1976 2nd G7 summit, San Juan
- 1977 3rd G7 summit, London
- 1978 4th G7 summit, Bonn
- 1979 5th G7 summit, Tokyo
- 1980 6th G7 summit, Venice
- 1981 7th G7 summit, Montebello
- 1982 8th G7 summit, Versailles
- 1983 9th G7 summit, Williamsburg
- 1984 10th G7 summit, London
- 1985 11th G7 summit, Bonn
- 1986 12th G7 summit, Tokyo
- 1987 13th G7 summit, Venice
- 1988 14th G7 summit, Toronto
- 1989 15th G7 summit, Grande Arche
- 1990 16th G7 summit, Houston
- 1991 17th G7 summit, London
- 1992 18th G7 summit, Munich
- 1993 19th G7 summit, Tokyo
- 1994 20th G7 summit, Naples
- 1995 21st G7 summit, Halifax
- 1996 22nd G7 summit, Lyon
- Group of Eight (G8), heads of government
- 1997 23rd G8 summit, Denver
- 1998 24th G8 summit, Birmingham
- 1999 25th G8 summit, Cologne
- 2000 26th G8 summit, Okinawa
- 2001 27th G8 summit, Genoa
- 2002 28th G8 summit, Kananaskis
- 2003 29th G8 summit, Évian-les-Bains
- 2004 30th G8 summit, Sea Island
- 2005 31st G8 summit, Gleneagles
- 2006 32nd G8 summit, Saint Petersburg
- 2007 33rd G8 summit, Heiligendamm
- 2008 34th G8 summit, Tokyo
- 2009 35th G8 summit, L'Aquila, Abruzzo
- 2010 36th G8 summit, Huntsville
- 2011 37th G8 summit, Deauville
- 2012 38th G8 summit, Camp David, Maryland
- 2013 39th G8 summit, Lough Erne in County Fermanagh
- Group of Seven (G7), heads of government
- Group of Twenty, heads of government
- 1969 The Hague: Foreign policy and enlargement.
- 1974 Paris: Creation of the Council.
- 1985 Milan: Initiate IGC leading to the Single European Act.
- 1991 Maastricht': Agreement on the Maastricht Treaty.
- 1997 Amsterdam: Agreement on the Amsterdam Treaty.
- 1998 Brussels: Selected member states to adopt the euro.
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- 2000 2000 South American Summit, Brasília
- 2002 South American Summit, Guayaquil
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Miscellaneous
See also
References
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