Diatrizoic acid

Diatrizoic acid

Names
IUPAC name 3,5-bis(acetylamino)-2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acid
Identifiers
CAS Number	737-31-5 N
ChEBI	CHEBI:53691 Y
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1201220 N
ChemSpider	2055 Y
DrugBank	DB00271 Y
Jmol interactive 3D	Image Image
KEGG	D02240 Y
PubChem	2140
InChI InChI=1S/C11H9I3N2O4/c1-3(17)15-9-6(12)5(11(19)20)7(13)10(8(9)14)16-4(2)18/h1-2H3,(H,15,17)(H,16,18)(H,19,20) Y Key: YVPYQUNUQOZFHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y InChI=1/C11H9I3N2O4/c1-3(17)15-9-6(12)5(11(19)20)7(13)10(8(9)14)16-4(2)18/h1-2H3,(H,15,17)(H,16,18)(H,19,20) Key: YVPYQUNUQOZFHG-UHFFFAOYAT
SMILES CC(=O)NC1=C(C(=C(C(=C1I)C(=O)O)I)NC(=O)C)I Ic1c(c(I)c(c(I)c1NC(=O)C)C(=O)O)NC(=O)C
Properties
Chemical formula	C11H9I3N2O4
Molar mass	613.9 g/mol
Pharmacology
ATC code	V08AA01
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N verify (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

Diatrizoic acid (or its anionic form, diatrizoate), also known as amidotrizoic acid, or 3,5-diacetamido-2,4,6-triiodobenzoic acid, is a radiocontrast agent containing iodine. Trade names include Hypaque, Gastrografin and Urografin, the latter being a combination of the sodium and meglumine salts.

Diatrizoate is considered a high-osmolality contrast agent. Its osmolality ranges from approximately 1500 mOsm/kg (50% solution)^[1] to over 2000 mOsm/kg (76% solution).^[2]

Indications

Diatrizoic acid may be used as an alternative to barium sulfate for medical imaging of the gastrointestinal tract, such as upper gastrointestinal series and small bowel series. It is indicated for use in patients who are allergic to barium, or in cases where the barium might leak into the abdominal cavity. It does not coat the stomach/bowel lining as well as barium, so it is not used commonly for this purpose.

Under the trade name Urografin it is used for intravenous pyelography.

It is also used to kill Ascaris lumbricoides (roundworms).^[3][4]

Administration

• It is given intravenously (under brand name Hypaque, GE Healthcare) to enhance contrast in computed tomography, to image the kidneys and related structures, and to image blood vessels.
• It is given orally or by enema (Gastrografin, Gastrovist, Gastrovision, MD-Gastroview) to image the gastrointestinal tract.
• It is given by Foley catheter (Cystografin) to image the urinary tract.

Contraindications

A history of sensitivity to iodine is not a contraindication to using diatrizoate, although it suggests caution in use of the agent. In this case, a regimen of oral or intravenous corticosteroids may be given as prophylaxis, or an alternative such as barium sulfate may be preferable.

Gastrografin is contraindicated to use along with certain medications that can cause lactic acidosis, such as metformin. Concurrent use may lead to renal failure and lactic acidosis, and a clinician may need to space the agents apart over a number of days to prevent an interaction.^[5]

Gastrografin is a hypertonic solution, and therefore it should be avoided in imaging studies of the upper gastrointestinal tract in patients who are at risk of aspiration, as it will cause prompt pulmonary edema if accidentally introduced into the tracheobronchial tree.

Urografin is not to be used for myelography, ventriculography or cisternography, since it is likely to provoke neurotoxic symptoms in these examinations. ^[6]

References