Denise's pygmy seahorse
| Denise's pygmy seahorse | |
|---|---|
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| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Syngnathiformes |
| Family: | Syngnathidae |
| Genus: | Hippocampus |
| Species: | H. denise |
| Binomial name | |
| Hippocampus denise Lourie & Randall, 2003 | |
Hippocampus denise, also known as Denise's pygmy seahorse or the yellow pygmy seahorse, is a seahorse of the family Syngnathidae native to the western Pacific.
Description
Denise's pygmy seahorse is a small fish which can reach a maximum length of approximately 2.4 cm, which makes it one of the smallest representatives of the seahorses.[2] This pygmy seahorse has a short snout, slender body with a prehensile tail. Its body is either completely smooth or provided with some polyp-like tubercles, in which case these are fewer and less developed than Hippocampus bargibanti. Its coloration ranges from yellow, more or less bright, to orange with often small dark spots and sometimes darker bands on the tail.[3]
Distribution & habitat
This pygmy seahorse has been reported from several locations in the western Pacific, including Indonesia, Vanuatu, Palau, Malaysia, the Solomon Islands and Micronesia. It can be found at depths between 13 and 100 m, generally hiding in fields of gorgonians (e.g., Annella, Muricella and Echinogorgia).[2][3]
Biology
Denise's pygmy seahorse uses adaptive camouflage, changing its color to match that of the surrounding gorgonians.[2] It feeds on small crustaceans and other zooplankton.[4] An individuals will stay on a single coral for the duration of its entire life. The species is ovoviviparous, and it is the male who broods the eggs in its ventral brood pouch. The latter includes villi rich in capillaries that surround each fertilized egg creating a sort of placenta supplying the embryos. When fully grown, pups are expelled from the pocket and become autonomous.[3]
Conservation status
The species is relatively rare and only few data relating to the population as well as its actual distribution exist. Because of this lack of information and the rarity of the species, Denise's pygmy seahorse is currently classified as Data Deficient by the IUCN.[5] Internationally, it is also listed in Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) this means that it is on the list of species not necessarily threatened with extinction, but in which trade must be controlled in order to avoid utilization incompatible with their survival.
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References
- ↑ Project Seahorse (2003). "Hippocampus denise". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (IUCN) 2003: e.T41716A10546320. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2003.RLTS.T41716A10546320.en.
- 1 2 3 Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2015). "Hippocampus denise" in FishBase. 10 2015 version.
- 1 2 3 Lourie, S.A.; Randall, J.E. (2003). "A New Pygmy Seahorse, Hippocampus denise (Teleostei: Syngnathidae), from the Indo-Pacific". Zoological Studies 42 (2): 284–291.
- ↑ "Denise' Pygmy Seahorse, Hippocampus denise Lourie & Randall 2003". Fishes Of Australia.
- ↑ Project Seahorse. 2003. Hippocampus denise. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2003: e.T41716A10546320. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2003.RLTS.T41716A10546320.en . Downloaded on 20 October 2015.