Demographics of Sierra Leone
| Demographics of Sierra Leone | |
|---|---|
| Population | 5,743,725 |
| Density | 80.06 inhabitants per sq km. |
| Growth rate | 15.40% (2004–2014 est.) |
| Birth rate | 37.40 births/1,000 inhabitants |
| Death rate | 11.03 deaths/1,000 inhabitants |
| Life expectancy | 57.39 years |
| • male | 54.85 years |
| • female | 60.00 years |
| Fertility rate | 4.83 children born/women |
| Infant mortality rate | 73.29 deaths/1,000 births |
| Age structure | |
| 0–14 years | 41.9% |
| 15–64 years | 54.4% |
| 65 and over | 3.7% |
| Sex ratio | |
| Total | 0.94 male(s)/female |
| At birth | 1.03 male(s)/female |
| Under 15 | 0.99 male(s)/female |
| 15–64 years | 0.94 male(s)/female |
| 65 and over | 0.78 male(s)/female |
| Nationality | |
| Nationality | Sierra Leonean(s) |
| Major ethnic | Temne 35%, Mende 31% |
| Minor ethnic | Limba 8%, Kono 5%, Kriole 2%, Mandingo 2%, Loko 2%, other 15% |
| Language | |
| Official | English |
| Spoken | Mende, Temne, Krio |
The demographics of Sierra Leone are made up of an indigenous population from 18 ethnic groups. The Temne in the north and the Mende in the South are the largest. About 60,000 are Krio, the descendants of freed slaves who returned to Sierra Leone from Great Britain, North America and slave ships captured on the high seas. In addition, about 5,000 Lebanese, 1000 Indians, and 5,000 Europeans reside in the country.
In the past, some Sierra Leoneans were noted for their educational achievements, trading activity, entrepreneurial skills, and arts and crafts work, particularly woodcarving. Many are part of larger ethnic networks extending into several countries, which link West African states in the area. Their level of education and infrastructure have declined sharply over the last 30 years.[1]
Population
| Historical populations of Sierra Leone | ||
|---|---|---|
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
| 1963 | 2,180,355 | — |
| 1974 | 2,735,159 | +2.08% |
| 1985 | 3,515,812 | +2.31% |
| 2004 | 4,976,871 | +1.85% |
| 2014 | 5,743,725 | +1.44% |
| Source: [2] | ||
Sierra Leone's total population, from 1961 to 2003.
According to the 2010 revison of the World Population Prospects the total population was 5 868 000 in 2010, compared to only 1 895 000 in 1950. The proportion of children below the age of 15 in 2010 was 43%, 55.1% was between 15 and 65 years of age, while 1.9% was 65 years or older .[3]
| Total population (x 1000) | Population aged 0–14 (%) | Population aged 15–64 (%) | Population aged 65+ (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950 | 1 895 | 39.4 | 57.6 | 3.0 |
| 1955 | 2 029 | 39.6 | 57.5 | 2.9 |
| 1960 | 2 187 | 39.6 | 57.5 | 2.9 |
| 1965 | 2 373 | 39.8 | 57.3 | 2.9 |
| 1970 | 2 593 | 40.5 | 56.9 | 2.9 |
| 1975 | 2 845 | 40.5 | 56.6 | 3.0 |
| 1980 | 3 162 | 41.1 | 56.0 | 2.9 |
| 1985 | 3 541 | 42.0 | 55.3 | 2.7 |
| 1990 | 3 982 | 42.4 | 55.1 | 2.6 |
| 1995 | 3 898 | 42.3 | 55.3 | 2.4 |
| 2000 | 4 143 | 42.4 | 55.5 | 2.1 |
| 2005 | 5 153 | 42.9 | 55.2 | 1.9 |
| 2010 | 5 868 | 43.0 | 55.1 | 1.9 |
Structure of the population [4]
Structure of the population (01.07.2010) (Estimates) :
| Age Group | Male | Female | Total | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 2 786 797 | 2 960 003 | 5 746 800 | 100 |
| 0-4 | 437 908 | 440 323 | 878 231 | 15,28 |
| 5-9 | 424 222 | 432 383 | 856 605 | 14,91 |
| 10-14 | 338 453 | 324 198 | 662 651 | 11,53 |
| 15-19 | 308 982 | 328 932 | 637 914 | 11,10 |
| 20-24 | 221 932 | 266 122 | 488 054 | 8,49 |
| 25-29 | 210 004 | 263 948 | 473 952 | 8,25 |
| 30-34 | 160 822 | 195 905 | 356 727 | 6,21 |
| 35-39 | 160 326 | 181 144 | 341 470 | 5,94 |
| 40-44 | 123 279 | 124 699 | 247 978 | 4,32 |
| 45-49 | 107 932 | 93 776 | 201 708 | 3,51 |
| 50-54 | 77 236 | 71 931 | 149 167 | 2,60 |
| 55-59 | 51 344 | 45 457 | 96 801 | 1,68 |
| 60-64 | 44 873 | 54 521 | 99 394 | 1,73 |
| 65-69 | 34 054 | 37 120 | 71 174 | 1,24 |
| 70-74 | 28 198 | 33 649 | 61 847 | 1,08 |
| 75-79 | 21 586 | 20 142 | 41 728 | 0,73 |
| 80+ | 35 646 | 45 753 | 81 399 | 1,42 |
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | Percent |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0-14 | 1 200 583 | 1 196 904 | 2 397 487 | 41,72 |
| 15-64 | 1 466 730 | 1 626 435 | 3 093 165 | 53,82 |
| 65+ | 119 484 | 136 664 | 256 148 | 4,46 |
Vital statistics
Registration of vital events is in Sierra Leone not complete. The Population Departement of the United Nations prepared the following estimates. [3]
| Period | Live births per year | Deaths per year | Natural change per year | CBR* | CDR* | NC* | TFR* | IMR* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950-1955 | 96 000 | 69 000 | 27 000 | 48.8 | 35.1 | 13.6 | 6.03 | 242 |
| 1955-1960 | 102 000 | 71 000 | 32 000 | 48.6 | 33.6 | 15.0 | 6.03 | 235 |
| 1960-1965 | 110 000 | 73 000 | 37 000 | 48.5 | 32.1 | 16.3 | 6.03 | 227 |
| 1965-1970 | 119 000 | 75 000 | 44 000 | 47.8 | 30.1 | 17.7 | 5.98 | 214 |
| 1970-1975 | 124 000 | 73 000 | 50 000 | 45.5 | 26.9 | 18.6 | 5.75 | 195 |
| 1975-1980 | 133 000 | 69 000 | 63 000 | 44.1 | 23.1 | 21.1 | 5.63 | 164 |
| 1980-1985 | 143 000 | 68 000 | 76 000 | 42.8 | 20.2 | 22.6 | 5.52 | 135 |
| 1985-1990 | 162 000 | 86 000 | 76 000 | 43.0 | 22.8 | 20.1 | 5.59 | 154 |
| 1990-1995 | 175 000 | 101 000 | 73 000 | 44.3 | 25.7 | 18.6 | 5.81 | 166 |
| 1995-2000 | 179 000 | 100 000 | 79 000 | 44.6 | 24.9 | 19.6 | 5.84 | 157 |
| 2000-2005 | 199 000 | 97 000 | 102 000 | 42.7 | 20.8 | 22.0 | 5.56 | 133 |
| 2005-2010 | 224 000 | 93 000 | 131 000 | 40.6 | 16.9 | 23.7 | 5.22 | 114 |
| * CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births; TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman) | ||||||||
Fertility and Births
Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR):[5]
| Year | CBR (Total) | TFR (Total) | CBR (Urban) | TFR (Urban) | CBR (Rural) | TFR (Rural) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2008 | 31,5 | 5,1 (4,5) | 27,3 | 3,8 (3,4) | 33,4 | 5,8 (5,2) |
| 2013 | 35,7 | 4,9 (4,2) | 29,5 | 3,5 (3,0) | 38,2 | 5,7 (4,9) |
CIA World Factbook demographic statistics
Sierra Leone's population pyramid in 2005. In 2010, 43% of Sierra Leone's population was below the age of 15.[3]
The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.
Population growth rate
- 2.33% growth rate (2014 est.)
Birth rate
- 38.12 births/1,000 population (2012 est.)
Death rate
- 11.49 deaths/1,000 population (2012 est.)
Net migration rate
- -3.86 migrants/1,000 population (2012 est.)
Refugees currently in surrounding countries are slowly returning.
Sex ratio
- at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
- under 15 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
- 15–64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female
- 65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female
- total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2011 est.)
- at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
- under 15 years: 0.96 male(s)/female
- 15–64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female
- 65 years and over: 1 male(s)/female
- total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2000 est.)
- at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
- under 15 years: 0.96 male(s)/female
- 15–64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female
- 65 years and over: 0.9 male(s)/female
- total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
- at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
- under 15 years: 0.96 male(s)/female
- 15–64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female
- 65 years and over: 0.94 male(s)/female
- total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
Maternal Mortality Ratio
- 890 deaths/100 000 births (2010)
Sierra Leone's MMR is the worst of any country in the world, according to the 2000 WHO, UNICEF and UNFPA report.
Life expectancy at birth
- total population: 56.55 years
- male: 54.08 years
- female: 59.11 years (2012 est.)
- total population: 42.84 years
- male: 40.33 years
- female: 45.42 years (2003 est.)
- total population: 45.25 years
- male: 42.37 years
- female: 48.21 years (2000 est.)
Total fertility rate
- 4.9 children born/woman (2012 est.)
Health expenditures
- 13.1% of GDP (2009)
Physicians density
- 0.016 physicians/1,000 population (2008)
Hospital bed density
- 0.4 beds/1,000 population (2008)
HIV/AIDS
- adult prevalence rate: 1.6% (2009 est.)
- people living with HIV/AIDS: 49,000 (2009 est.)
- deaths: 2,800 (2008 est.)
Major infectious diseases
- degree of risk: very high
- food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and typhoid fever
- vectorborne diseases: malaria and yellow fever
- water contact disease: schistosomiasis
- aerosolized dist or soil contact disease: Lassa fever (2009)
Nationality
- noun: Sierra Leonean(s)
- adjective: Sierra Leonean
Ethnic groups
Further information: Ethnic groups in Sierra Leone
The distribution of major ethnic groups within Sierra Leone.
- 20 native African tribes 90% (Temne 30%, Mende 30%, other 30%)
- Creole 10% (descendants of freed Jamaican slaves who were settled in the Freetown area in the late-18th century)
- Refugees from Liberia's recent civil war
- Small numbers of Europeans, Lebanese, Pakistanis, and Indians
Religions
Main article: Religion in Sierra Leone
- Muslim 60%
- Christian 30%
- Indigenous beliefs 10%
Languages
Further information: Languages of Sierra Leone
- English (official, regular use limited to literate minority)
- Mende (principal vernacular in the south)
- Temne (principal vernacular in the north)
- Krio (English-based Creole, spoken by the descendants of freed American and West Indian slaves and Liberated Africans who were settled in the Freetown area, a lingua franca and a first language for 10% of the population but understood by 95%)
- Bengali was named an official language in 2002 although it is not native to Sierra Leone[6]
Education expenditure
- 4.3% of GDP (2009)
Literacy
Definition: Age 15 and over can read and write English, Mende, Temne, or Arabic
- Total population: 35.1%
- Male: 46.9%
- Female: 24.4% (2004 est.)
- Total population: 31.4%
- Male: 45.4%
- Female: 18.2% (1995 est.)
Cities with the highest percentage of a single ethnic group
| City | largest ethnic group | percentage of population |
|---|---|---|
| Freetown | Krio | 28% |
| Bo | Mende | 47% |
| Kenema | Mende | 45% |
| Koidu Town | Kono | 40% |
| Makeni | Temne | 43% |
| Magburaka | Temne | 46% |
| Kabala | Mandingo | 38% |
| Kailahun | Mende | 50% |
| Bonthe | Sherbro | 40% |
| Port Loko | Temne | 50% |
| Moyamba | Mende | 42% |
| Kambia | Temne | 38% |
References
- ↑ "Sierra Leone (02/08)". "U.S. Department of State". Retrieved 2008-02-17.
- ↑ http://www.sierra-leone.org/Census/ssl_final_results.pdf
- 1 2 3 Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision
- ↑ http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2.htm
- ↑ http://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/1490
- ↑ http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=story_29-12-2002_pg9_6
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