Deir al-Qamar
| Deir el Qamar دير القمر Darel Camar | |
|---|---|
| Town | |
|
Church of Saidet et Talleh | |
  Deir el Qamar Location within Lebanon | |
| Coordinates: 33°42′N 35°34′E / 33.700°N 35.567°ECoordinates: 33°42′N 35°34′E / 33.700°N 35.567°E | |
| Country |
 Lebanon |
| Governorate | Mount Lebanon Governorate |
| District | Chouf District |
| Time zone | EET (UTC+2) |
| • Summer (DST) | EEST (UTC+3) |
| Dialing code | +961 |
Deir al-Qamar (in Arabic دير القمر, meaning "Monastery of the Moon", historically anglicized as Darel Camar) is a village in south-central Lebanon, five kilometres outside of Beiteddine, consisting of stone houses with red-tiled roofs.
History
During the 16th to 18th centuries, Deir al-Qamar was the residence of the governors of Lebanon. It is also notable for its 15th-century Fakhreddine Mosque, Fakhreddine II Palace, and other historical palaces and administrative buildings. The 17th century Deir al-Qamar Synagogue is also in the village, although closed to the public. During its peak, the city was the centre of Lebanese literary tradition. It was the first village in Lebanon to have a municipality in 1864, and it is the birthplace of many well known personalities, such as artists, writers, and politicians. It was the winter capital of the Druze Cancimat of Lebanon (1840-1860), the summer capital being Baakleen.
Deir al-Qamar is a known as the Capital of Emirs. From its palaces, Mount Lebanon was governed from the 16th century until the 18th century. People from all religious backgrounds lived there and the town had a mosque, synagogue and Christian churches.
In the year 1860, Deir al-Qamar was destroyed during the civil war between Druze and Christians during which the town was set ablaze. Napoleon III sent a french contingent to rebuild it, recalling France ancient role as protector of the Christians in the Ottoman Empire as established by a treaty in 1523.
In 1864, Deir el-Qamar elected the first municipality in the Arab provinces of the Ottoman Empire.
A census done by the Ottomans during Qorqmaz bin-Maan's reign, Fakhr-al-Din II's father, counted 156 men in Deir al-Qamar who were all Druze. Today, 85% of Deir al-Qamar's inhabitants are Maronites and 14% are Melkites.
The name "Deir elcamar", as well as nearly all the names of the Shouf district villages, appears in many documents dating to 1262 published in Tabulae Ordinis Theutonici, as being sold to the Theutonics during the end period of the Crusades. It is the oldest written document naming the Shouf villages, some of them written in german phonetic as Cafrenbach for Kfar Nebragh, others in french phonetic, like La Mahutara for Mokhtara.
Religious sites
One of the most important historical and religious site in Deir al-Qamar is Our Lady of the Hill known as Saydet El Talle. This Maronite church goes back to the 15th century.
According to the Maronite Heritage web site, "the legend says that there was a Druze Emir in Baakline looking at the hill of Deir al-Qamar. He saw a light coming out of the hill. He gathered his soldiers and ordered them to go in the morning and dig in the land. He said to them: 'If you find an Islamic symbol, build a mosque. If you find a Christian symbol, build a church." The soldiers went in the morning, dug in the land and found a rock with a cross on it and under the cross there was the Moon and Venus. That was the sign that long time ago, there was a temple dedicated to the Moon and Venus and later it became a church. Earthquakes and wars might be the reason for its disappearance." The rock discovered by the soldiers can be found above the old gate of the church. A Byzantine column can be found inside the church. The inhabitants honor a miraculous icon of our Lady of the Hill placed behind the altar. It was painted in 1867 by the Italian artist Guerra. On the feast of Our Lady of the Hill- the first Sunday of August - thousands of believers go in a big procession with the miraculous icon from the entrance of Deir al-Qamar to the Church.
Another important religious site in Deir al-Qamar is the Mount of the Cross where pilgrims visit the Lamb of God Shrine (built in 2007), Father Yacoub Church (restored and consecrated as a church in June 24, 2008) and the Cross (built by Fr. Yacoub in 1932).
Deir al-Qamar also had a well established Jewish community, and a synagogue (built in 1638) which is today the site of the French Cultural Center.
See also
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Deir al-Qamar. |
References
External links
- Deir el Qamar Website
- Deir el Qamar Festival
- Art Site at Deir el Qamar
- Photographs of the village
- photography site DEIR AL QAMAR
- Maronite Heritage Website
- Mount of the Cross Website