Deal or No Deal

Deal or No Deal is the name of several closely related television game shows, the first of which (launching the format) was the Dutch Miljoenenjacht (Hunt for Millions) produced by Dutch producer Endemol. It is played with up to 26 cases (or, in some versions, boxes) containing certain sums of money. The player chooses a case or a box to knock an amount of money off the board.

Gameplay

The game revolves around the opening of a set of numbered briefcases, each of which contains a different prize (cash or otherwise). The contents (i.e., the values) of all of the cases are known at the start of the game, but the specific location of any prize is unknown. The contestant claims (or is assigned) a case to begin the game. The case's value is not revealed until the conclusion of the game.

The contestant then begins choosing cases that are to be removed from play. The amount inside each chosen case is immediately revealed; by process of elimination, the amount revealed cannot be inside the case the contestant initially claimed (or was assigned). Throughout the game, after a predetermined number of cases have been opened, the banker offers the contestant an amount of money and/or prizes to quit the game, the offer based roughly on the amounts remaining in play and the contestant's demeanor, the bank tries to 'buy' the contestant's case for a lower price than what's inside the case. The player then answers the titular question, choosing:

• "Deal", accepting the offer presented and ending the game, or
• "No Deal", rejecting the offer and continuing the game.

This process of removing cases and receiving offers continues, until either the player accepts an offer to 'deal', or all offers have been rejected and the values of all unselected cases are revealed. Should a player end the game by taking a deal, a pseudo-game is continued from that point to see how much the player could have won by remaining in the game. Depending on subsequent choices and offers, it is determined whether or not the contestant made a "good deal", i.e. won more than if the game were allowed to continue.

Since the range of possible values is known at the start of each game, how much the banker offers at any given point changes based on what values have been eliminated. To promote suspense and lengthen games, the banker's offer is usually less than the expected value dictated by probability theory, particularly early in the game.^[2] Generally, the offers early in the game are very low relative to the values still in play, but near the end of the game approach (or even exceed) the average of the remaining values.

Only a few people have ever won the top prize on any version of the show (see table below). For a contestant to win the top prize the player would have to select the case containing the top prize and reject every offer the banker makes during the game. The chances of a player selecting the top prize are reasonable (4–5% depending on how many amounts are in the game).

Deal or No Deal around the world

Countries with their own version (as of April 2015)

     Currently airing franchise

     Currently not airing, but will return airing in the future

     Franchise no longer in production

Country	Name	Host	Station	Language	Premiere	Top Prize
Afghanistan	گنجینه Ganjina	Rahim Mehrzad Mukhtar Lashkari	Tolo TV	Persian	May 30, 2010	Af.1,000,000
Albania	Kutia	Enkel Demi	TV Klan	Albanian	2004	€25,000
Algeria	ادي ولا خلي Éddi Ouela Kheli	Sofiane Dani	Echourouk TV	Arabic	June 17, 2015 October 31, 2015	DA10,000,000 DA5,000,000/10,000,000
Arab Maghreb	الصندوق Al Sandouk	Moez Toumi	Nessma TV	Arabic	November 24, 2012	د.ت.500,000‎or د.ج.25,000,000 or د.م.2,500,000
Arab world	الصفقة Al Safqa	Amir Karara	MBC1	Arabic	September 14, 2004	US$1,000,000
	Deal or No Deal	Michel Sanan	LBC	Arabic	April 1, 2005	US$250,000
Argentina	Trato Hecho	Julian Weich	Telefé	Spanish	2003–2006	AR$500,000
Armenia	Դիլ կամ Նո Դիլ Dil kam No Dil		Armenia TV	Armenian	2005	դր.50,000,000
Australia	Deal or No Deal	Andrew O'Keefe	Seven Network	English	July 13, 2003	A$2,000,000 (2003) A$200,000 (2004–2013)[3]
Austria	Deal or No Deal	Rainhard Fendrich	ORF1	German	2005	€250,000
Azerbaijan	Davam Ya Tamam		Space TV	Azerbaijani	2010	10,000 AZN
Belgium	Miljoenenjacht	Walter Grootaers	Vtm	Dutch	2004	€1,000,000
	Te Nemen Of Te Laten	Felice	VijfTV	Dutch	2007	€200,000
Belize	Tek It Or Leave It	Angela Gegg	Channel 5	English	2008	BZ$5,000–15,000
Brazil	Topa ou Não Topa	Silvio Santos Roberto Justus	SBT	Portuguese	August 6, 2006 August 28, 2010	R$1,000,000
Bulgaria	Сделка или не Sdelka ili ne	Rumen Lukanov	Nova Television	Bulgarian	September 19, 2005	100,000лв
Cambodia	ព្រម ឬមិនព្រម Prom Rer Min Prom	Ith Setha	CTN	Khmer	2009	10,000,000 KHR
Canada	Deal or No Deal Canada	Howie Mandel	Global	English	February 4, 2007	CA$1,000,000
	Le Banquier	Julie Snyder	TVA	French	January 24, 2007	CA$500,000
Chile	Trato Hecho	Don Francisco	Canal 13	Spanish	2004	CL$120,000,000
	¡Allá Tú!	Julián Elfenbein	Chilevision	Spanish	2007	CL$10,000,000
China	动感秀场 Dong Gan Xiu Chang	Cheng Qian	BTV-8	Mandarin	2007	1,000,000 points
	爱唱才会赢 Ai Chang Cai Hui Ying	Chen Huan, Tian Yue, Zuo Yan, Huang Ziwen	ZJSTV	Mandarin	2008	CN¥100,000
Colombia[4]	¡Hay Trato!	Julio Correal Carlos Calero	Canal Caracol	Spanish	July 16, 2005	COL$210,000,000
Costa Rica	Trato Hecho	Gustavo Rojas	Teletica	Spanish	April 10, 2012	₡25,000,000
Croatia	Uzmi ili ostavi	Željko Pervan Mirko Fodor Mario Petreković	HRT 2	Croatian	2006	500,000Kn
Czech Republic	Ber nebo neber	Pavel Zuna	TV Prima	Czech	2007	5,000,000Kč
Denmark	Deal or No Deal	Casper Christensen	TV 2	Danish	August 28, 2006	Kr2,000,000
Dominican Republic	Trato Hecho con Nestle	Frank Perozo Mía Taveras	Antena Latina	Spanish	2008	RD$3,000,000
Ecuador	Trato Hecho	Roberto Angelelli	Teleamazonas	Spanish	2006	US$100,000
	El Familión Nestlé Trato Hecho	Daniel Sarcos	Gama TV and Red Telesistema	Spanish	2010	US$100,000
Egypt	لعبة الحياة Lebet el Hayat	Razan Maghrebi	Al-Hayat TV	Arabic	August 24, 2009	ج.م.‎ 250,000 ج.م.‎ 500,000
	ديل أور نو ديل: الإختيار Deal or no deal: El Ikhtiyar	Maya Diab	Al-Nahar TV		May 27, 2012	ج.م.‎ 250,000
El Salvador	Trato Hecho	Daniel Rucks	TCS	Spanish	2011	US$50,000
Estonia	Võta või jäta	Alari Kivisaar	TV3	Estonian	2007	1,000,000 krooni (app. €63,900)
					March 8, 2013	€100,000
Finland	Ota tai jätä	Pauli Aalto-Setälä	Nelonen	Finnish	2007	€500,000
France	À prendre ou à laisser	Arthur	TF1	French	January 12, 2004	€500,000
	À prendre ou à laisser	Julien Courbet	D8		October 8, 2014	€100,000/200,000 €150,000/300,000 (Miss France 2015 special)
Georgia	ვა-ბანკი Va-Bank	Misha Mshvildadze (2008) Duta Skhirtladze (2009)	Rustavi 2	Georgian	November 11, 2008	50,000 ლარი
Germany	Die Chance deines Lebens	Kai Pflaume	Sat.1	German	2000	DM10,000,000
	Der Millionen-Deal	Linda de Mol	Sat.1	German	2004	€2,000,000
	Deal or No Deal – Die Show der Glücksspirale	Guido Cantz	Sat.1	German	2005	€250,000
	Deal or No Deal	Wayne Carpendale	Sat.1	German	July 30, 2014	€250,000
Greece	Deal (weekdays)	Christos Ferendinos	ANT1	Greek	2006 2010	€200,000 €150,000
	Super Deal (weekends)				2006	€500,000
Honduras	Trato Hecho	Erick Chavarría	Televicentro	Spanish	April 19, 2015	Lps.1,000,000
Hong Kong	一擲千金 Deal or No Deal	Michael Hui	TVB Jade	Cantonese	October 29, 2006	HK$3,000,000
		Alfred Cheung			April 22, 2007
Hungary	Áll az alku	Gábor Gundel Takács Áron Kovács	TV2	Hungarian	2004 2009	50,000,000 / 100,000,000 Ft 21,000,000 Ft
India	Deal Ya No Deal	R. Madhavan/ Mandira Bedi/ Rajeev Khandelwal	SET	Hindi, English	November 23, 2005	₹10,000,000
	Deala No Deala	Rishi	Sun TV	Tamil	2009	₹5,000,000
	Deal or No Deal	Mukesh	Surya TV	Malayalam	2009
	Deal or No Deal	Sai Kumar	Gemini TV	Telugu	2009
	Deal or No Deal	Sai Kumar	Udaya TV	Kannada	2009
	Deal or No Deal	Ronit Roy	&TV	Hindi, English	September 5, 2015	₹10,000,000
Indonesia	Deal Or No Deal Indonesia	Tantowi Yahya	RCTI	Indonesian	May 19, 2007	Rp.2,000,000,000
	Deal or No Deal	Deddy Corbuzier	antv	Indonesian	December 1, 2011	Rp.1,000,000,000
	Deal Or No Deal Indonesia	Cak Lontong	Global TV	Indonesian	October 20, 2014	Rp.500,000,000
Iran	تمام یا دوام Tamam Ya Davam	Sina Valiollah	FARSI1	Persian	January 16, 2012	US$20,000
Ireland	Deal or No Deal	Keith Barry	TV3	English	November 13, 2009	€250,000
Israel	הדיל הגדול Hadil Hagadol	Moran Atias	Channel 10	Hebrew	2005	₪1,500,000
	דיל או לא דיל Dil o Lo Dil				2006
Italy	Affari Tuoi	Paolo Bonolis (2003-2005) Pupo (2005-2006) Antonella Clerici (2006) Flavio Insinna (2006-2008; 2013-) Max Giusti (2008-2013)	Rai 1	Italian	2003	€500,000[5]
Jamaica	The Digicel Deal or No Deal	Simon Crosskill	TVJ	English	2009	JM$3,000,000
Japan	ザ・ディール Za Dīru	Shinsuke Shimada	TBS	Japanese	September 8, 2006	¥10,000,000
Lebanon	Deal or No Deal	Michel Sannan	Murr Television	Arabic	October 20, 2009	ل.ل.‎ 200,000,000
Lithuania	Taip arba Ne	Marijonas Mikutavičius	TV3 Lithuania	Lithuanian	March 31, 2007	500,000Lt.
Macedonia	Земи или остави Zemi ili ostavi	Igor Dzambazov	ALFA TV	Macedonian	November 3, 2007	MKD6,000,000
	Се или нешто Se ili nešto	Lila Stojanovska	Sitel	Macedonian	December 18, 2011	MKD1,000,000
Malaysia	Deal or No Deal Malaysia	Aanont Wathanasin	ntv7	English	November 3, 2007	RM100,000
	一擲千金 Yi zhi qian jin	Goh Wee Ping Owen Yap	ntv7	Mandarin	March 12, 2007	RM100,000
Malta	Deal or No Deal Malta	Paulo Micallef	TVM	Maltese	October 1, 2007	€25,000
Mexico	Vas o No Vas	Héctor Sandarti	Televisa	Spanish	2005	MX$1,000,000 MX$5,000,000
	Yoo si voy	Raul Araiza		Spanish	2009	MX$2,500,000
Moldova	Da sau Nu	Dan Negru	Prime	Romanian	2010, 2014	250,000 lei
Myanmar	Deal or No Deal	Kaung Htet Zaw	MRTV-4	Burmese	January 5, 2015	2,000,000 Ks
Netherlands	Miljoenenjacht (original version) and season	Linda de Mol	TROS, Tien, RTL4	Dutch	November 25, 2000	€5,000,000
	Deal or No Deal (direct version) small program	Beau van Erven Dorens	Tien, RTL5	Dutch	2006	€250,000
New Zealand	Deal or No Deal	Jeremy Corbett	TV3	English	June 7, 2007	NZ$500,000
Nigeria	Deal or No Deal Nigeria	John Fashanu	M-Net Africa	English	July 7, 2007	US$100,000
Norway	Deal or No Deal	Sturla Berg-Johansen	TV2	Norwegian	2006	3,000,000Kr
Panama	El Familion Nestle	Nelson Bustamante	Telemetro	Spanish	unknown	US$125,000
	Deal or No Deal				2010	US$50,000
Peru	Trato Hecho	Adolfo Aguilar	ATV	Spanish	2005	S/.1,000,000
Philippines	Kapamilya, Deal or No Deal	Kris Aquino	ABS-CBN	Filipino (English)	June 5, 2006	₱1,000,000–4,000,000
		Luis Manzano			February 25, 2012	₱2,000,000
					February 9, 2015	₱1,000,000
Poland	Grasz czy nie grasz	Zygmunt Chajzer	Polsat	Polish	October 1, 2005	1,000,000zł
Portugal	Pegar ou Largar	Rui Unas	SIC	Portuguese	January 28, 2006	€300,000
Romania	Da sau nu	Virgil Ianţu/ Mihai Dobrovolschi	Prima TV	Romanian	2005	150,000lei
	Accepţi sau nu	Gabriel Coveşanu	Kanal D		2008	100,000lei
Russia	Пан или пропал Pan ili Propal	Nikolay Fomenko	Channel One	Russian	September 20, 2004	3,000,000руб.
	Сделка Sdelka	Alexei Veselkin	REN TV	Russian	April 17, 2006	3,000,000 руб
Serbia	Uzmi ili ostavi	Milorad Mandić Manda	B92	Serbian	May 7, 2007	1,500,000din.
Singapore	Deal or No Deal	Adrian Pang	MediaCorp TV Channel 5	English	May 13, 2007	S$250,000
Slovakia	Ruku na to	Peter Šarkan Novák	STV	Slovak	2005	5,000,000 Sk
Slovenia	Vzemi ali pusti	Bojan Emeršič	POP TV	Slovene	2007-2010	15,000,000 SIT (app. €62,500)
					2011-2012	€70,000
South Africa	Deal or No Deal	Ed Jordan	M-Net	English	February 4, 2007	R1,000,000
	Doen met 'n Miljoen!	Casper de Vries	kykNET	Afrikaans	October 19, 2007	R1,000,000
South Korea	Yes or No	Shin Dong-Yeob	tvN	Korean	2006-July 2007	₩100,000,000
Spain	¡Allá tú!	Jesús Vázquez Silvia Jato Arturo Valls	Telecinco	Spanish	2004 - 2008	€300,000 €600,000 €1,000,000 (specials in 2007)
		Jesús Vázquez	Cuatro		2011	€300,000
Sri Lanka	Gando Nogando	Mahendra Perera	SirasaTV	Sinhalese		₨2,500,000
Sweden	Deal or No Deal	Martin Timell	TV4	Swedish	March 25, 2006	5,000,000Kr
	MiljonJakten [6]	Renée Nyberg	TV3		March 4, 2012	10,000,000Kr
	Deal or no Deal med Miljonjakten		TV4		November 18, 2014
Switzerland	Deal or No Deal – Das Risiko	Roman Kilchsperger	SF 1	German	2004	SFr250,000
Taiwan	齊天大勝 Who's the Winner Topic: The Deal 孤注一擲	Jacky Wu	TTV	Mandarin	March 17, 2007	NT$1,000,000–1,500,000
	平民大富翁 Yes or No	Dennis Nieh Jacky Wu	CTS		September 12, 2009	NT$500,000–1,000,000
Thailand	เอาหรือไม่เอา	Dom Hetrakul	ThaiTV 3	Thai	2005	฿1,000,000
Tunisia	دليلك ملك Dlilek Mlek	Sami El Fihri	Tunisie 7	Tunisian Arabic	2005	1,000,000 د.ت.
			El Hiwar Ettounsi		June 29, 2014	500,000 د.ت.
					June 18, 2015	1,000,000 د.ت.
Turkey	Trilyon Avı	Zafer Ergin	aTV	Turkish	2003	YTL1,000,000
	Büyük Teklif	Halit Ergenç	Kanal D	Turkish	2006	YTL500,000
	Var mısın? Yok musun?	Acun Ilıcalı	Show TV	Turkish	September 10, 2007	YTL500,000
		Asuman Krause	Fox	Turkish	November 8, 2011	TL500,000
		Ahmet Çakar	Show TV	Turkish	September 11, 2013	TL500,000
Ukraine	Граєш чи не граєш? Hrayesh chy ne hrayesh?/	Dmitriy Shepelev	TRK Ukrayina	Ukrainian	March 7, 2010	₴1,000,000
United Kingdom	Deal or No Deal	Noel Edmonds	Channel 4	English	31 October 2005	£250,000/500,000
United States	Deal or No Deal	Howie Mandel	NBC	English	December 19, 2005	US$1,000,000–6,000,000
			Syndication		September 8, 2008	US$500,000
	Vas o No Vas	Héctor Sandarti	Telemundo	Spanish	October 8, 2006	US$250,000
Vietnam	Đi tìm ẩn số	Thanh Bạch	HTV7	Vietnamese	June 19, 2005	100,000,000Đ
	Ần số vàng	Chí Trung	H1	Vietnamese	2006	50,000,000Đ

The first German version "Die Chance deines Lebens" hosted by Kai Pflaume did not have the case game as the final round (they played a trivia game instead), however this was the show the original "Deal or No Deal" version (the Dutch "Miljoenenjacht" hosted by Linda de Mol) was actually based on. Miljoenenjacht started in November 2000 and introduced the case game in December 2002 after a 15-month hiatus of the show. Véronique Landry is the only model to appear on more than one version of the show, on both the French and English Canadian versions. Howie Mandel, Héctor Sandarti, and Linda de Mol each have hosted multiple versions of the show: Mandel, with the American English and Canadian English versions, Sandarti with both the American Spanish and Mexican Spanish versions, and de Mol with both the Netherlands Dutch and German (in 2004) versions of the show. In the UK version Deal Or No Deal helped relaunch Noel Edmonds's career.

Top prize winners

All amounts below the prizes are their equivalents in United States dollars at the time of their win.

Country	Name(s)	Date	Amount won	Previous offer	Other amount	Notes
گنجینه/Ganjina	Mohammad Easa Sediqi	Prior to October 25, 2010	Af. 1,000,000 ($23,240)	Box Swap (declined)	Af. 2,500 ($58.10)	[7][8] First top prize winner in Afghan history
	(unknown)	Prior to November 28, 2012	Af. 1,000,000 ($19,569)	Af. 342,000 ($6,693)	Af. 10,000 ($196)	[9] The banker first offered Af. 311,000, then Af. 342,000, then a chance to swap the briefcases. All were declined. Rebroadcast June 5, 2013.
	(unknown)	Prior to June 6, 2013	Af. 1,000,000 ($18,484)	Af. 355,500 ($6,571)	Af. 30,000 ($555)	The banker first offered Af. 263,300, then Af. 355,500. Both were declined. Rebroadcast June 6, 2013.
ادي ولا خلي	Mohamed Meziane	July 7, 2015	10,000,000 DA ($100,450)	3,200,000 DA ($32,144)	200 DA ($2.01)
Deal or No Deal	Dean Cartechini	June 17, 2004	A$200,000 ($137,384)	A$102,500 ($70,409)	A$5 ($3.43)	First top prize winner. Did not see the last briefcase to be opened (#7) which has $5.
	Anh Do (celebrity)	September 19, 2007	A$200,000 ($167,238)	A$125,000 ($104,524)	A$75,000 ($62,714)	Second top prize winner. Money went to home viewer.
	Leanne Benbow	June 2, 2010	A$200,000 ($166,630)	A$115,000 ($95,812)	A$100,000 ($83,315)	The first woman to win the top prize. Had the perfect ending to the game with the final two cases are high-green amounts.
	Chris Doyle	August 23, 2011	A$200,000 ($208,014)	A$130,000 ($135,209)	A$100,000 ($104,007)	Last winner of the top prize before the series ends in 2013.
Tek It Or Leave It	Valerie Stevens	March 3, 2009	BZ$15,000 ($7,615)	(Unknown)	(Unknown)	[10]
Topa ou Não Topa	Paulo	April 2007	R$1,000,000 ($490,000)	R$444,000 ($218,000)	R$100 ($49)
Сделка или не Sdelka ili ne	Veneta Raykova (Венета Райкова) (celebrity)	February 2006	75,000 BGN ($46,000)	(unknown)	(unknown)
	(unknown)	December 8, 2006	100,000 BGN ($67,986)	(unknown)	5,000 BGN ($3,399)	[11]
	Niki Kitaetsa (Ники Китаеца) (celebrity)	September 18, 2007	100,000 BGN ($70,871)	40,000 BGN ($28,348)	1,000 BGN ($709)	[12]
	Sevil Saliev (Севил Салиев)	December 22, 2008	100,000 BGN ($71,179)	(unknown)	(unknown)	[13]
	Mariela Pepeldzhiyska (Мариела Пепелджийска)	January 23, 2012	100,000 BGN ($65,862)	Box Swap (accepted)	2,500 BGN ($1,647)	[14]
	Plevenchaninat Iskren (Плевенчанинът Искрен)	January 24, 2013	100,000 BGN ($67,988)	25,000 BGN ($16,997)	0.20 BGN ($0.14)	[15]
ព្រម ឬមិនព្រម Prom Rer Min Prom	(Unknown)	February 2009	10,000,000 KHR ($2,410)	(unknown)	(unknown)	[16]
	(Unknown)	February 2009	10,000,000 KHR	(unknown)	750,000 KHR ($181)
¡Allá Tú!	Mauricio Hermosilla	May 4, 2007	CL$10,000,000 ($19,050)	CL$6,500,000 ($12,383)	CL$5,000,000 ($9,525)
	Farándula	August 29, 2007	CL$10,000,000 ($19,010)	Box Swap	CL$50,000 ($95.05)
لعبة الحياة Lebet el Hayat	Amal Mohammad	Prior to November 16, 2009	EGP250,000 ($45,825)	(unknown)	EGP0.50 ($0.09)
	Sameh	Prior to April 15, 2010	EGP250,000 ($45,323)	(unknown)	EGP0.50 ($0.09)
	Marwa Ali	Prior to September 3, 2010	EGP500,000 ($87,660)	Box Swap	EGP250 ($43.83)	[17]
ديل أور نو ديل: الإختيار Deal or no deal: El Ikhtiyar	Sibai Wahba	September 12, 2012	EGP250,000 ($41,037)	Box Swap (accepted)	EGP10,000 ($1,641)	[18]
À prendre ou à laisser	Mylène	March 4, 2004	€500,000 ($609,850)	(unknown)	(unknown)	[19]
	Sabrina	November 29, 2005	€500,000 ($590,030)	€350,000 ($413,021)	€75,000 ($88,505)	The banker also offered €200,000 and €300,000; it is rare for a contestant to have more than one offer after a single round
	Marie-Ange Franceschi	January 23, 2009	€500,000 ($650,280)	€210,000 ($273,118)	€100,000 ($130,056)	[20]
	Sébastien	November 25, 2014	€100,000 ($124,240)	€31,000 ($38,514)	€10 ($12.42)	[21]
ვა-ბანკი Va-Bank	Rezo and Archil Arveladze (celebrities)	February 3, 2009	50,000 lari ($30,018)	25,000 lari ($15,009)	50 lari ($30.02)
Deal	Gogo Kastranta	November 10, 2006	€200,000 ($256,702)	€80,000 ($102,681)	€1,000 ($1,284)	[22] Received €100,000, another half was received by a text winner
Áll az alku	Sanyi	2006	50,000,000 Ft ($238,000)	13,000,000 Ft ($61,900)	6,000,000 Ft ($28,600)	[23]
	Árpinak	April 26, 2010	21,000,000 Ft ($106,680)	15,000,000 Ft ($76,200)	13,000,000 Ft ($66,040)	[24]
Deal or No Deal	Ayushmann Khurrana (celebrity)	November 15, 2015	₹9,000,000 ($136,445)	₹7,000,000 ($106,124)	₹5,000,000 ($75,803)	His briefcase contained the top prize ₹10,000,000 but his winnings were reduced by 10% due to answering the final question wrong.
Affari Tuoi	Roberto Pepi	February 4, 2004	€500,000 ($627,805)	€250,000	€15,000	[25]
	Francesca Madeddu	December 16, 2004	€500,000 ($671,175)	€300,000 ($402,705)	€25,000 ($33,559)	[26][27]
	Clarissa Meneghini	December 19, 2007	€500,000 ($719,525)	€170,000 ($244,639)	€30,000 ($43,172)	[28]
	Danilo Anderlini	September 17, 2008	€500,000 ($714,575)	€170,000 ($242,956)	€30,000 ($42,875)	[28][29]
	Francesca Cataldo	October 22, 2008	€500,000 ($666,895)	€185,000 ($230,408)	€30,000 ($40,014)	[30]
	Roberto Caterina	November 23, 2008	€500,000 ($629,450)	€375,000 ($472,088)	€250,000 ($314,725)	[31]
	Mara Ancelotti	January 1, 2009	€500,000 ($707,045)	€375,000 ($530,284)	€250,000 ($353,523)	[32]
	Stefania Menegazzo	February 23, 2010	€500,000 ($680,020)	€104,000 ($141,444)	Maghetto	[33]
	Gabriele Calvello	March 17, 2012	€1,000,000 ($1,317,440)	€313,000 ($412,359)	€0.20 ($0.26)	[34] The top prize was originally €500,000 as usual, but was doubled during the game when the player opened Pacco Matto (crazy box) and found Raddoppia (double).
	Mauro Ghiraldini	November 21, 2012	€500,000 ($640,625)	€150,000 ($192,188)	€30,000 ($38,438)	[35]
	Patrizia Montalbano	January 25, 2013	€500,000 ($668,467)	€350,000 ($467,927)	€250,000 ($334,234)	[36]
	Pierangela Zaccaria	May 29, 2014	€500,000 ($682,054)	€172,000 ($234,626)	€100 ($136)	[37] Also won a €1,000 Provaci bonus.
Deal or No Deal Malta	Maria (Doris) Abela	October 17, 2008	€25,000 ($33,601)	€19,500 ($26,209)	€15,000 ($20,160)
Vas o No Vas	Elena	June 11, 2005	Mex$5,000,000 ($460,050) (Saturday)	(unknown)	(unknown)
	Luis	December 6, 2005	Mex$1,000,000 ($95,360) (weekday)	(unknown)	(unknown)
	Laura	March 2, 2006	Mex$1,000,000 ($95,580) (weekday)	Mex$700,000 ($66,906)	Mex$400,000 ($38,232)
	Paty	June 3, 2006	Mex$1,000,000 ($88,130) (weekday)	Mex$550,000 ($48,472)	Mex$100,000 ($8,813)
(English) Deal or No Deal Malaysia	Timothy Shim	March 2, 2008	RM100,000 ($31,307)	RM 50,800 ($15,904)	RM 250 ($78.27)
Deal or No Deal	Min Thu Rein (မင်းသူရိန်)	March 16, 2015	2,000,000 Ks ($1,930)	790,000 Ks ($762)	200,000 Ks ($193)	Rebroadcast March 31, 2015.
Miljoenenjacht Deal or No Deal	Arno Woesthoff[note 1]	September 2, 2001	Fl10,000,000 ($4,142,220)	(none)	(none)	Woesthoff was the biggest winner in worldwide game show history until Brad Rutter overtook this record on May 16, 2014 by claiming $4,370,102 in winnings over thirteen years.
	Eelco Schumacher	April 2, 2009	€250,000 ($331,468)	€170,000 ($225,398)	€125,000 ($165,734)
Kapamilya, Deal or No Deal	Terry Lim Cua	December 29, 2006	P2,000,000 ($40,740)	P1,400,000 ($28,518)	P1,000,000 ($20,370)
	Aiko Melendez and Candy Pangilinan (celebrities)	November 25, 2008	P1,000,000 ($20,220)	P345,001 ($6,976)	P10 ($0.20)	Christmas Edition (5 P1,000,000 cases)
	Jhaphet Flordeliza	December 1, 2008	P1,000,000 ($20,400)	P150,000 ($3,060)	P50 ($1.02)
	Arnel Pineda (celebrity)	December 11, 2008	P1,000,000 ($20,570)	P249,999 ($5,142)	P200 ($4.11)
	Bearwin Meily (celebrity)	March 23, 2015	P1,000,000 ($22,312)	P614,000 ($13,700)	P100,000 ($2,231)
	Ara Mina (celebrity)	April 17, 2015	P1,000,000 ($22,626)	P355,000 ($8,032)	P100 ($2.26)
	Joyce E. Bernal and Bela Padilla (celebrities)	August 14, 2015	P1,000,000 ($21,656)	P699,000 ($15,138)	P400,000 ($8,662)
	Kaye Abad and Nikki Valdez (celebrities)	September 7, 2015	P1,000,000 ($21,281)	P510,000 ($10,853)	P50,000 ($1,064)
	Janine Tugonon (celebrity)	January 8, 2016[note 2]	P1,000,000 ($21,164)	P650,000 ($13,757)	P300,000 ($6,349)
Uzmi ili ostavi	Vidoje	October 19, 2007	RSD1,500,000 ($24,475)	RSD615,000 ($10,035)	RSD500,000 ($8,158)
Yes or No	Lee Chang-geun (이창근)	June 23, 2007	₩100,000,000 ($107,750)	₩45,000,000 ($48,488)	₩30,000,000 ($32,325)	[38]
¡Allá tú!	Gilbert	June 19, 2007	€600,000 ($804,018)	€240,000 ($321,607)	€1,500 ($2,010)	Received €300,000, another half was received by a text winner
	María del Carmen Bonilla	July 25, 2011	€300,000 ($431,622)	€29,999 ($43,161)	€20 ($28.77)	[39]
齊天大勝 Who's the Winner Topic: The Deal 孤注一擲	JUNIOR (celebrity)	April 14, 2007	NT$1,500,000 ($45,250)	NT$330,000 ($9,955)	NT$1, NT$100, NT$10,000, NT$20,000 and NT$50,000 ($0.03, $3.02, $302, $603 and $1,508)	The host Jacky Wu, who also acted as the banker, decided to give the final offer with 6 out of 16 cases remaining.
دليلك ملك	Mohamed Mabrouk	March 22, 2006	TND300,000 ($221,706)	(unknown)	(unknown)	[40][41][42] Each winner shared the prize with an SMS participant
	Mohamed Bashir Menchari	November 13, 2006	TND500,000 ($379,765)	(unknown)	(unknown)
	Marbrouk	September 13, 2007	TND1,000,000 ($792,390)	(unknown)	TND500,000 ($396,195)
Var mısın? Yok musun?	Ülkühan Yılmaz	October 24, 2009	500,000TL ($339,790)	128,000TL ($86,986)	20,000TL ($13,591)
Deal or No Deal	Laura Pearce	January 7, 2007	£250,000 ($482,625)	£45,000 ($86,873)	£3,000 ($5,792)
	Alice Munday	March 12, 2009	£250,000 ($344,678)	Banker's Gamble	1p ($0.014)	Alice initially dealt at £17,500 but was dealt the Banker's Gamble when the 1p and £250,000 were remaining. She accepted the gamble going back into live play, she was then offered the swap, she declined and won £250,000.
	Suzanne Mulholland	May 13, 2011	£250,000 ($407,055)	£165,000 ($268,656)	£100,000 ($162,822)	Suzanne also won an additional prize of a 2-week holiday in Florida as part of "Banker's Birthday" special. Swapped box after final offer.
	Tegen Roberts	September 22, 2011	£250,000 ($387,735)	£77,000 ($119,422)	£20,000 ($31,019)	Tegen had the strongest board ever after round 3 to the end of the show, a staggering £560,250.60 was still in play after 10 boxes had been opened. She also had the distinction of having the 7th Biggest No Deal of £77,000.
	Nong Nig Ham Nam	August 5, 2012	£250,000 ($390,932)	£68,000 ($106,334)	£5 ($7.82)
	Patrick "Paddy" Roberts	August 12, 2013	£250,000 ($386,700)	£140,000 ($216,622)	£75,000 ($116,010)	First UK male top prize winner
	Roop Singh	February 12, 2014	£250,000 ($414,528)	£46,000 ($76,273)	£500 ($829)	Singh declined to buy Box 23 which contained the Double.
	Ann Crawford	October 15, 2015	£250,000 ($387,438)	£64,000 ($99,184)	50p ($0.77)
Deal or No Deal (primetime version)	Jessica Robinson	September 1, 2008	$1,000,000	$561,000	$200,000	Million Dollar Mission game (5 $1,000,000 cases)
	Tomorrow Rodriguez	October 29, 2008	$1,000,000	$677,000	$300 and 3x $1,000,000	Million Dollar Mission game (9 $1,000,000 cases)
Đi tìm ẩn số	Lê Bình (celebrity)	October 9, 2011	100,000,000Đ ($4,808)	75,411,000Đ ($3,626)	50,000,000Đ ($2,404)	[43]
	Minh Trang	July 15, 2012	100,000,000Đ ($4,801)	40,010,000Đ ($1,921)	25,000Đ ($1.20)	[44]

1. ↑ Arno Woesthoff was on Miljoenenjacht when the bonus round consisted of seven questions that could add up to 10,000,000 guilders (based on the German game show "Die Chance deines Lebens") instead of the case game, which is why there were no other amounts.
2. ↑ Most recent top prize winner in the Deal or No Deal franchise to date

At the other end of the spectrum, in the UK edition broadcast on 7 December 2009, a contestant named Corinne opened her box to reveal (and thus win) 1p, having turned down first an offer of £88,000 and then an offer to swap boxes, which would have given her the top £250,000 prize. A similar event occurred on the U.S. version on August 25, 2008, where contestant Koshka Blackburn won $5,000 which was in her case after turning down the banker's offer of $530,000 and then the option to switch cases, which would've made her the first $1,000,000 winner. Also in the U.S. on September 22, 2006, Michelle Falco kept in $750,000 and $1,000,000 in play all the way to the end, she turned down the biggest offer of $880,000 and refused to switch her case, in her case was $750,000. She also would have been the first $1,000,000 winner had she switched cases. And again, in the U.S. on October 22, 2008, contestant Richie Bell won $1 which was in his case after rejecting the final offer of $416,000 and the option to switch cases, which would've made him the second $1,000,000 winner. Richie also won an additional $10,000 after completing the "Banker's Challenge" minigame, thus making his total winnings $10,001. Had he had switched, he would have won $1,010,000. Many other contestants around the world would have won the top prize if they had swapped their box/case.

Basis and antecedents

The game show has attracted attention from mathematicians, statisticians, and economists as a natural decision-making experiment. In 2008 a team of economists analyzed the decisions of people appearing in Dutch, German and U.S. episodes and found, among other things, that contestants are less risk-averse or even risk-seeking when they saw their expected winnings drop.^[45] They went so far as to say that the show, “almost appears to be an economics experiment rather than a TV show.”^[46] They found that contestants behave similarly in different versions of the show, despite large differences in the amounts at stake; amounts appear to be evaluated in relative terms, for example in proportion to the initial average, and not in terms of their absolute monetary value.^[47] The research received a great deal of media attention, appearing on the front page of The Wall Street Journal^[48] and being featured on National Public Radio.^[49] This work was built upon by de Roos and Sarafidis, who analysed the Australian version of the show and determined that the risk-taking behaviour of a number of contestants would be inconsistent within each game (i.e. their aversion to risk would change), depending on the state of play and relative risk aversion of their confidant on the show.^[50]

Australian Deal or No Deal contestants are selected "on the basis of being 'outgoing', but there is no screening of contestants on the basis of their risk preferences".^[50] It is thought that other versions may screen contestants for being amicable to risk-taking behaviour.

Despite its air of originality and huge international success—there are more than 60 versions worldwide—there have been, in fact, numerous antecedents to the current run of shows. The first was the It's in the Bag, a New Zealand radio game show invented by Selwyn Toogood which began in the 1950s and which ran for decades after it was later adapted for television (1970s–90s). The show popularized the catch-phrases, "By hokey," and "What will it be, customers--the money or the bag?" in New Zealand. Similarly, in the 1950s, the UK TV show Take Your Pick offered contestants the choice of taking a money offer or risking opening a box. Later, in the 1980s, The Bong Game, a radio call-in show created by UK’s Capital FM, tested contestants by offering them increasing returns in tandem with increasing risk.

Another long-running game show, Let's Make a Deal, involved contestants deciding whether or not to take offers based on what may or may not be behind a curtain/door or inside a box. Let's Make a Deal ran in the U.S. for nearly three decades from 1963 to 1991, during which time Monty Hall was the program's "Big Dealer," and has recently been revived with Wayne Brady as the Big Dealer. Also in the U.S., in the 1970s and 1980s, was a game show called Treasure Hunt, hosted by Geoff Edwards and produced by Chuck Barris's company, which featured a similar concept to Deal or No Deal. The show featured contestants selecting a treasure chest or box with surprises inside in the hope of winning large prizes or a cash jackpot. Both game shows, however, also featured worthless or nearly-worthless joke prizes, which Let's Make a Deal called "zonks" and which Treasure Hunt called "klunks." Deal or No Deal does not feature such joke prizes. Finally, from 1997 to 2003, Win Ben Stein's Money pitted contestants against an in-house adversary.

Algorithm used by "The Bank"

There are several theories concerning the algorithm that "The Bank" uses to determine the appropriate bank offer. Naturally, this is a secret held by the various publishers around the world, however a number of people have approximated the algorithm with various levels of accuracy. It is a common understanding that the Bank does not know the contents of the briefcase, and therefore the Monty Hall Problem does not apply to the probability calculations.

User 'George Jones' suggested on the NSLog(); blog that a simple approximation could be banker's offer = average value * turn number / 10.^[51]

Statistical studies of the US version of the show were undertaken by Daniel Shifflet in 2011, and showed a linear regression of bank offers against expected value.^[52] In summary, Shifflet found that the bank would offer a percentage of the expected value (EV) of the remaining cases, and this percentage increased linearly from approximately 37% of EV at the first offer to approximately 84% of EV at the seventh offer. This version of the program also allowed players to 'hypothetically' play out the remainder of the game from the point where they accepted the bank's offer, and Shiffler noted that the hypothetical bank offers were significantly higher than real bank offers at equivalent points in the game.

Video games

• Innovative Concepts in Entertainment developed and currently sells an arcade redemption adaptation of the show, replacing prize money with redemption tickets.^[53]
• The U.K. version of Deal or No Deal was converted into a mobile game by Gameloft and featured the same rules and format as the TV show. The game was so well-received that versions of it were developed for other countries as well.^[54] Its international success landed it on the top-sellers list.^[55]
• Almost all major formats of the game were converted into games for various gaming consoles, the PC, Macromedia Flash, and even a dedicated handheld made in China.
• Various online gambling and gaming sites have adapted the Deal or No Deal concept for their games.^[56]

See also

• For articles for each of the national editions of the show, see Deal or No Deal (disambiguation)
• Game Theory Analysis of Deal Or No Deal
• List of television show franchises

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Deal or No Deal.

• Deal or No Deal at the Internet Movie Database
• Officially licensed game of Deal or No Deal (UK Version)
• NBC game
• Official Italian Affari Tuoi (Deal or No Deal) website
• Official United Kingdom Deal Or No Deal website
• Official Quebec Le Banquier (Deal or No Deal) website
• Official German Deal Or No Deal website
• Official U.S. Deal or No Deal version website
• Deal or no Deal game (UK) fansite
• Deal or No Deal blog UK
• Deal or No Deal global fansite