Dazhalan Subdistrict

Dazhalan
Length 0.25 km (0.16 mi)
Location Beijing
From Qianmen Avenue
To Dazhalan West Street

Dazhalan (simplified Chinese: 大栅栏; traditional Chinese: 大柵欄; pinyin: Dàzhàlán; Wade–Giles: Ta-cha-lan; "Big fence"), colloquially Dashilar simplified Chinese: 大石栏儿; traditional Chinese: 大石欄兒; pinyin: Dàshilàn(r); Wade–Giles: Ta-shih-lan(r); "Big stone fence"), is a famous business street outside Qianmen[1] in Beijing, China. Now the term Dazhalan is also used to refer to the area comprising, besides Dazhalan itself, also the Langfang Toutiao Lane, Liangshidian Street and Meishi Street.

Description

Dazhalan is located to the south of Tiananmen Square, west of Qianmen Street. The overall length of Dashilan is 275m from east to west.[2] At present, 36 stores from 11 trades are scattered along Dazhalan with an average customer flow of 150-160 thousand usually and 200 thousand in holidays. Because of the overall improvement of business environment in Beijing, the heart of retail business is no longer in the area of Qianmen and the business position Dashilan once held is also on the wane. Except some Lao zihao (literally long reputed enterprises), most of the present shops and stores of Dashilan are offering goods of poor qualities at low prices. Meanwhile, there are many lawless men perpetrating frauds and extortion on the street.[3]

History

In the Ming dynasty, the name "Dashilan" had not yet been recorded in the work of Zhang Zhupo, "Blocks and Streets in the Five Boroughs of Beijing".[4] Only Langfang Toutiao, Langfang Ertiao, Langfang Santiao and Langfang Sitiao [2] existed to the west of the road which was outside Qianmen.[5] Langfang Sitiao was located in the same place as modern-day Dashilan. It can be inferred that the place name “Dashilan” did not exist in the Ming dynasty. The so-called "Langfang" is often referred to as a storeroom along the street. Although the name "Dashilan" was not used in the Ming dynasty, the place where Dashilan situated was already a flourishing commercial district, with many merchants gathering.

In 1488, in order to secure the public safety of the capital, the central government built wooden fences at all the entrances to the streets and lanes in Beijing.[2] The fence was accomplished with contributions from the local residents, and the total number of the fences was more than 1,700 by the end of the Qing dynasty. Among them, the Langfang Sitiao street’s fence was funded by the merchants. For this reason, the fence was extremely large and thus got the name "Dashilan".[6] With the passage of time, "Dashilan" gradually became the formal name of the street replacing "Langfang Sitiao".

In 1899, Dashilan caught fire and the wooden fence was burnt.[2] Since then, the fence has practically disappeared, leaving only the name "Dashilan" itself. It was not until the year of 2000 that the Beijing government rebuilt an iron fence at the entrance of Dashilan.

Shops and stores

For centuries, the traditional commercial street Dashilan has held quite a few Lao zihaos which are well-known both at China and abroad.[7] The Lao zihaos, such as Tongrentang (Chinese: 同仁堂; pinyin: Tóngréntáng) Chinese herbal medicine store, Rui Fu Xiang (Chinese: 瑞蚨祥; pinyin: ruìfúxiáng) silk store,[8] Ma Ju Yuan (Chinese: 马聚元; pinyin: Mǎjùyuán) hat store, Nei Lian Sheng (Chinese: 内联升; pinyin: Neìliánshéng) shoe store,[9] Zhang Yi Yuan (Chinese: 张一元; pinyin: Zhāngyīyuán) tea shop,[10] and Liu Bi Ju (Chinese: 六必居; pinyin: Liùbìjū) pickle shop, as well as Yi Pin Zhai (Chinese: 一品斋; pinyin: Yīpǐnzhāi),[10][11] Bu Ying Zhai (Chinese: 步瀛斋; pinyin: Bùyíngzhāi),[10][12] Ju Shun He (Chinese: 聚顺和; pinyin: Jùshùnhé),[13] Chang Sheng Kui (Chinese: 长盛魁; pinyin: Chángshèngkuí),[14] are over 100 years old.

There once was a saying in Beijing, "Wear the hats of Ma Ju Yuan, stand in the shoes of Nei Lian Sheng, wear the clothes of Ba Da Xiang, and take the money of Si Da Heng Banks."[15] Ma Ju Yuan, Nei Lian Sheng, Ba Da Xiang (Chinese: 八大祥; pinyin: Bādàxiáng)[16] and Si Da Heng (Chinese: 四大恒; pinyin: Sìdàhéng)[17] are all stores located in Dashilan that are taken as the symbols of wealth.

Dashilan was also the former entertainment center of Beijing apart from the commercial center. There were five grand Chinese opera theaters in Dashilan – Qingle Yuan (Chinese: 庆乐园; pinyin: Qìnglèyuán), Sanqing Yuan (Chinese: 三庆园; pinyin: Sānqìngyuán), Guangde Lou (Chinese: 广德楼; pinyin: Guǎngdélóu), Guanghe Yuan (Chinese: 广和园; pinyin: Guǎnghéyuán), Tongle Yuan (Chinese: 同乐园; pinyin: Tónglèyuán);[18] the first movie theater in Beijing, Daguan Lou (Chinese: 大观楼; pinyin: Dàguānlóu),[19] also situated there.

Education

Tan'er Hutong (Coal Lane) Elementary School

One school in the Dazhalan area is Tan'er Hutong (Coal Lane) Elementary School (S: 炭儿胡同小学, T: 炭兒胡同小學, P: Tàn'er Hútòng Xiǎoxué). According to Michael Meyer, the author of The Last Days of Old Beijing: Life in the Vanishing Backstreets of a City and a former teacher at Tan'er Hutong, the school had no gazetteer that recorded the history, the principal was not aware of the school history, and historical texts did not document the school's history; Meyer explained that "[i]t took months to assemble" his written history on the school and that he had gathered information by "talking to people in the lanes like Mr. Xie."[20]

Meyer's account says that the school first opened in 1950. Meyer states that originally it was a private school named Solemn Honor Elementary School. Meyer explains that, in 1956 the school was renamed Religious Service Temple Elementary School, due to the school's proximity to a religious temple, and became a government-operated school. Meyer states that, during that year, the school's name changed to Demonstrate Strength School. According to Meyer, in 1957 the school moved to a new location and adopted the name West Canal Bank School; the name referred to the school's location, adjacent to a stream of water that travels along the city wall. Meyer's account states that the school adopted the new name Front Gate West Street Elementary and Middle School in 1974. According to Meyer, in 1981 the elementary division separated into its own school, and began classes in a campus along Tan'er Hutong.[20]

During Meyer's period as a teacher, due to a widening project affecting Tan'er Hutong street, a different area elementary school was closed and demolished. Its employees and students were dispersed to various schools. Tan'er Hutong Elementary took two teachers and their students.[21]

References

Notes

  1. ↑ "北京前门：古老梦想的复兴 (Beijing's Qianmen Street: A Revival of Old Dreams)". 北京旅游专家网. Retrieved May 21, 2007.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Zhang Jinqi (张金起) (2008). Dashilan over the Century(百年大栅栏) (in Chinese). Chongqing: Chongqing Publishing House. ISBN 978-7-5366-9294-7.
  3. ↑ Jiang Weiwei (蒋韡薇). "Dashilan: from Customs in Town to Cultural Lament (北京大栅栏：从市井风俗到文化挽歌)" (in Chinese). People (人民网).
  4. ↑ Blocks and Streets in the Five Boroughs of Beijing(京师五城坊巷胡同集). Beijing: Beijing Ancient Books Publishing House. p. 41. ISBN 7-5300-0237-6.
  5. ↑ Beijing Old Streets(北京老街). Beijing: Social Sciences Academic Press. 2007. p. 17. ISBN 7-80190-910-0.
  6. ↑ Looking for the City of Beijing(寻找北京城). Beijing: Tsinghua University Press. 2008. p. 114. ISBN 978-7-302-17375-5.
  7. ↑ Miao Kefeng(缪克沣) (2008). "Old Business at Dashilan(大栅栏商业旧事)". Beijing Business(北京商业) (in Chinese) (1): 22–26.
  8. ↑ "Introduction to Rui Fu Xiang". Beijing Rui Fu Xiang Silk Company Itd(北京瑞蚨祥绸布店有限责任公司).
  9. ↑ "Nei Lian Sheng Shoe Store". 中国网.
  10. 1 2 3 Lin Yueru(林悦儒). "Dashilan and Guanyinsi Street in My Memory(我记忆中的大栅栏和观音寺街)". The Government Website of Xicheng District, Beijing. Retrieved 21 February 2012.
  11. ↑ Yi Pin Zhai is a shoe shop.
  12. ↑ Bu Ying Zhai is a shoe shop.
  13. ↑ Ju Shun He is a store which sells preserved fruit.
  14. ↑ Chang Sheng Kui is engaged with nuts and dried fruit.
  15. ↑ "Hutongs in Beijing". Beijing Trip.
  16. ↑ "Ba Da Xiang(八大祥)" (in Chinese). 清道光至光绪年间，山东章丘孟氏在京相继开办的8家“祥”字号绸布店。因同为京城绸布业的大店，店名取“吉祥发达”之意，人们将其统称为“八大祥”。
  17. ↑ "The Disappearing Lao zihao -- the Si Da Heng Banks That Once Acted as the "Wall Street of Beijing"(消失的老字号——曾支撑北京"华尔街"的四大恒)" (in Chinese). “四大恒”是恒利、恒和、恒兴、恒源四大钱庄，当时人们认为腰中缠着“四大恒”钱庄的银票最富有。
  18. ↑ "Old Golden Age of Dashilan(岁月流金大栅栏)" (in Chinese). Sina Business(新浪财经). 冯广聚最难以忘怀的就是当年大栅栏的繁华，整个地区内遍布一百多座会馆、客栈、戏楼，各种人等在这里流连忘返。赫赫有名的大戏园就有广德楼、广和园、庆乐园、三庆园，小戏园子更是不知道到底有多少家。
  19. ↑ Xiao Fuxing(肖复兴) (2006). "The Rondo and Capriccio of Dashilan(大栅栏回旋曲和畅想曲)". The Earth(《大地》) (in Chinese) (2).
  20. 1 2 Meyer, p. 150.
  21. ↑ Meyer, p. 89.

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