Ngaju language

Ngaju
Native to Indonesia
Region Kalimantan
Native speakers
 890,000 (2003)[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3 nij
Glottolog ngaj1237[2]

Ngaju is an Austronesian language spoken along the Kapuas, Kahayan, Katingan, and Mentaya Rivers in Central Borneo, Indonesia. It is closely related to Bakumpai language. There are three dialects—Pulopetak, Ba'amang, and Mantangai.[3]

Phonology

Consonants

Ngaju has the following consonants.[4]

Biabial Coronal Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ
Stop pb td cɟ kg
Fricative s h
Approximant
(Lateral)		 j w
l
Trill ɲ

Vowels

Ngaju has the following vowels. All vowels except ə can be long.[5]

Front Central Back
rounded
High i u
Mid e ə o
Low a

Vocabulary

Vocabulary comparison between Bakumpai, Ngaju, Indonesian and English languages.

BakumpaiNgajuIndonesianEnglish
JidaDiaTidakNo
BekenBekenBukanNot
PaiPaiKakiFoot / Leg
KuehKuehManaWhich / Where
Si-kuehBara-kuehDari manaWhere from
HituhHetuhSiniHere
Si-hituhIntu-hetuhDi siniHere
BaraBaraDariFrom
KejawKejawJauhFar
Tukep / ParakTukepDekatNear
KumanKumanMakanEat
MihupMihopMinumDrink
LebuLewuKampungVillage
BatatapasBapukanMencuci pakaianTo wash clothes

Notes

  1. ↑ Ngaju at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
  2. ↑ Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Ngaju". Glottolog. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
  3. ↑ Raymond G. Gordon, Jr, ed. 2005. Ethnologue: Languages of the World. 15th edition. Dallas: Summer Institute of Linguistics.
  4. ↑ Mihing & Stokhof 1977.
  5. ↑ Mihing & Stokhof 1977

References

Ashn E. Johannes. 1971. "An Introduction to Dayak Ngaju Morphology," Malang MA thesis.

T.W.J. Mihing & W.A.L. Stokhof. 1977. "On the Ngaju Dayak Sound System," Miscellaneous Studies in Indonesian and Languages in Indonesia 3:49-59.

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