David Hunt (planter)

For other people named David Hunt, see David Hunt (disambiguation).

David Hunt (1779-1861) was an American planter based in the Natchez District of Mississippi who controlled 25 plantations, thousands of acres and more than 1,000 slaves in the antebellum era. From New Jersey, he joined his uncle in Mississippi business. He became a major philanthropist in the South, contributing to educational institutions in Mississippi, as well as the American Colonization Society and Mississippi Colonization Society, of which he was a founding member.

Known as "King David," Hunt made a fortune in cotton production and sales. He was one of twelve millionaires residing near Natchez, Mississippi at a time when there were 35 millionaires in the entire United States.

Biography

Early life

David Hunt was born on October 22, 1779 on a farm near Ringoes, Hunterdon County, New Jersey.^[1] It was west and in the country compared to the capital of Trenton, New Jersey. He had a brother, Andrew Hunt, and several half siblings from his father Jonathan's second marriage.^[2][3] They were descendants of Ralph Hunt^[2] the line being Ralph, Edward, Jonathan, Jonathan, Jonathan.^[1]

Hunt moved as a young man to the Natchez District in approximately 1800.^[4]

Career

Hunt inherited Woodlawn Plantation near Rodney, Mississippi from his uncle, Abijah Hunt (1762-1811), who had become wealthy as a merchant to the Army and later in cotton.^[5] He ended up owning twenty-five plantations in the Natchez District.^[5][6] In addition to the twenty-one plantations listed below, Hunt also owned the following four plantations: Fatherland, Fairview, Oak Burn and Givin Place.^[6]

• His Jefferson County plantations were: Calviton, Woodlawn, Huntley, Waverly, Fatlands, Southside, Brick Quarters, Ashland, Black Creek, Oakwood, Buena Vista, and Servis Island.^[7] Zachary Taylor bought the approximately 2,000-acre Buena Vista Plantation (also known as Cypress Grove Plantation), which bordered Ashland Plantation and was formed on the land of David Hunt and others.^[7] It was located about ten miles south of Rodney along the Mississippi River.^[7] President Taylor and his son Richard "Dick" Taylor - later a Confederate General - visited Hunt's residence on Woodlawn Plantation.^[1]

• His Adams County plantations were: Lansdowne, located three miles north of Natchez (on what is now highway 555);^[8] Homewood, which adjoined Lansdowne;^[6] and Oakley Grove, located nine miles northeast of Natchez.^[9]

• His Issaquena County plantations were: Wilderness Plantation, located on the Mississippi River^[10] near Mayerville;^[11] and Georgiana Plantation, located on Deer Creek south of Rolling Fork.^[12] David's son George Hunt owned 400 acres on the Mississippi River in Issaquena County close to Tallulah.^[10]

• His Louisiana plantations were: Arcola, located just south of the town of Waterproof, Louisiana in Tensas Parish;^[13] the adjoining plantations of Argyle and Belle Ella, located to the west of Waterproof, also in Tensas Parish;^[13] and Hole in the Wall, located on the Mississippi River on Maxwell Road in northern Concordia Parish, Louisiana^[14][15]

Shortly before the American Civil War, Hunt and his adult children owned a total of some 1,700 slaves and controlled tens of thousands of acres of land.^[1] Cyrus Bellus and Peter Brown were two of David Hunt's slaves whose interviews are included in the WPA Slave Narrative Collection for the state of Arkansas.^[16]

As a result of his extensive holdings and cotton production, Hunt became one of the wealthiest cotton planters in the Antebellum South.^[5] Additionally, he owned business concerns in Cincinnati, Ohio and Lexington, Kentucky.^[5] At his financial peak in about 1850, Hunt was worth about $2,000,000.^[17][18]

Philanthropy

Hunt was among the largest financial supporters of Oakland College in Lorman, Mississippi, which was founded in affiliation with the Presbyterian Church.^[1][19] Over the years he gave a total of about $175,000 to the college.^[1] He was a trustee of the College for years.^[1] His sons, Abijah, George, Andrew and Dunbar, all graduated from Oakland College.^[1] Oakland had to close during the war, as its students went off to war. Some of the facility was damaged during the war, and it never successfully resumed operations after the war.^[20]

In 1870 the college was sold to the state of Mississippi. The state legislature used this facility to establish a land grant institution, Alcorn University, a historically black college.^[20]

The Presbyterian Church used the money from the sale to found Chamberlain-Hunt Academy, a private military academy in Port Gibson, Mississippi.^[20] It was named after Presbyterian minister Reverend Jeremiah Chamberlain (1794-1851), the founding president of Oakland College, and planter David Hunt, a generous financial supporter.^[21][22][20]

Hunt also was a major supporter of the Rodney Presbyterian Church.^[1] He donated the land upon which the church was built and contributed to the building of the church as well.^[1] All of his children were baptized there.^[1] When the church decided to rent the pews to the church members to raise money, Hunt paid to rent them all to ensure that the poor could attend.^[1] He paid a large portion of the pastor's salary, gave the pastor the use of one of his slaves, and often gave the pastor beef and mutton from his plantations.^[1] Hunt also gave beef to the poor families of Rodney each Christmas.^[1]

As an member of the Mississippi Colonization Society and its parent organization the American Colonization Society, he donated to establish a colony for free African Americans in Liberia.^[17][23] Hunt once donated $49,999.99 to this cause.^[1] One of Hunt's eccentricities was to write checks for one penny less than an even dollar amount.^[1] He also gave a small amount to the Fayette Female Academy in Fayette, Mississippi.^[1]

Personal life

Hunt resided on Woodlawn Plantation^[17] in Jefferson County, Mississippi, which was seven miles south of Rodney, Mississippi and approximately 25 miles northeast of Natchez.^[1] He was one of the twelve millionaires living near Natchez in the antebellum era, when there were only thirty-five millionaires living in the entire United States.^[2] He was nicknamed "King David."^[2]

Hunt spent many summers in and around Lexington, Kentucky.^[1] He travelled by carriage along with a baggage wagon and saddle horses.^[1] The trip from Mississippi took one month.^[1] He was related to John Wesley Hunt, who lived in the Hunt-Morgan House in Lexington.^[1]

Hunt married three times. His first wife was Margaret (Stampley) Hunt.^[5] His second wife was Mary (Calvit) Hunt.^[5] His third wife was Ann (Ferguson) Hunt.^[5] David and Ann had 14 children, but only seven lived past the age of 21.^[5] Five of these adult children married before the Civil War. Hunt gave each at least one plantation and 100 slaves as a dowry.^[7] These gifts reduced Hunt's net worth, which was listed in the 1860 U.S. Census as $1,086,825.^[24]

1. His daughter Mary Ann married James Archer and received Oakwood Plantation.^[1]
2. His son Abijah married Mary Agnes Walton and was given Calviton Plantation.^[1]
3. His son George Ferguson Hunt married Anna Watson and received Huntley Plantation.^[1]
4. His daughter Catherine married William S. Balfour^[1] and received Homewood .^[6]
5. His daughter Charlotte married George Marshall and received Lansdowne Plantation.^[25]

Two of David's seven adult children (Dunbar and Elizabeth) married after the American Civil War and David's death. They each got at least one plantation, but the slaves had been emancipated.

1. His son Dunbar married Leila Lawrence Brent^[1] and received Wilderness Plantation.^[10] and Southside Plantation^[7]
2. His daughter Elizabeth married William F. Ogden^[1] and received Hole in the Wall Plantation^[14] and Black Creek Plantation.^[7]

Death

Hunt died on May 18, 1861 on Woodlawn Plantation^[1][5][2] at the age of 81.^[1] He was buried in the Calviton Plantation cemetery.^[1] Calviton Plantation adjoined Woodlawn Plantation where David had his main residence.^[1]

Legacy

• The Chamberlain-Hunt Academy, a Presbyterian military private academy in Port Gibson, Mississippi, was named in his honor.^[21][22]
• The David Hunt Award is made annually at Alcorn State University in Lorman, Mississippi.^[26]

References

External links

• The Find-a-Grave website has information about Calviton Plantation Cemetery where David Hunt is buried.
• The Find-a-Grave website has information about the ancestors of Ann Ferguson Hunt - David Hunt's wife.