More popular than Jesus

"Bigger than Jesus" redirects here. For the Warrick Sony album, see Bigger Than Jesus.

"More popular than Jesus" (or "Bigger than Jesus")[lower-alpha 1] was a controversial remark made by the Beatles' John Lennon in 1966. Lennon said that Christianity was in decline and that the Beatles had become more popular than Jesus Christ. The comment drew no controversy when originally published in the United Kingdom, but angry reactions flared up in Christian communities when it was republished in the United States five months later.

Lennon had originally made the remark in March 1966 during an interview with Maureen Cleave for the London Evening Standard, which drew no public reaction. When Datebook, a US teen magazine, quoted Lennon's comments in August, five months later, extensive protests broke out in the Southern United States. Some radio stations stopped playing Beatles songs, their records were publicly burned, press conferences were cancelled, and threats were made. The controversy coincided with the group's US tour in August 1966, and Lennon and Brian Epstein attempted to quell the dispute at a series of press conferences. Some tour events experienced disruption and intimidation, including a picketing by the Ku Klux Klan. The controversy contributed to the Beatles' lack of interest in public live performances, and the US tour was the last they undertook, after which they became a studio-only band.

Background

John Lennon at JFK Airport, New York, in February 1964, two years before the controversy

In March 1966, the London Evening Standard ran a weekly series of articles entitled "How Does a Beatle Live?"[3] which featured John Lennon, Ringo Starr, George Harrison, and Paul McCartney respectively. The articles were completed by journalist Maureen Cleave,[3] who knew the group well and had interviewed them regularly since the start of Beatlemania in the UK. Three years previously she had written they were "the darlings of Merseyside",[3] and had accompanied them on the plane on the group's first US tour in February 1964.[3][4] For her lifestyle series in March 1966, she chose to interview the group individually, rather than all together, as was the norm.[3]

Cleave interviewed Lennon on 4 March 1966. At his home, Kenwood, in Weybridge, she found a full-size crucifix, a gorilla costume, a medieval suit of armour[5] and a well-organised library, with works by Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Jonathan Swift, Oscar Wilde, George Orwell, Aldous Huxley,[2] and The Passover Plot, by Hugh J. Schonfield, which had influenced Lennon's ideas about Christianity.[6] Cleave's article mentioned that Lennon was "reading extensively about religion",[2] and quoted a comment he made:

Christianity will go. It will vanish and shrink. I needn't argue about that; I'm right and I'll be proved right. We're more popular than Jesus now; I don't know which will go first—rock 'n' roll or Christianity. Jesus was all right but his disciples were thick and ordinary. It's them twisting it that ruins it for me.[2][7]

Cleave's interview with Lennon was published in the Evening Standard in March 1966 and provoked no public reaction in the UK.[8] Church attendance there was in decline and the Christian churches were making no secret of their efforts to transform their image into something more relevant to modern times.[8] Music historian Jonathan Gould wrote, "The satire comedians had had a field day with the increasingly desperate attempts of the Church to make itself seem more relevant ('Don't call me vicar, call me Dick ...')."[8] In 1963, the Anglican Bishop of Woolwich, John A. T. Robinson, published a controversial but popular book, Honest to God, urging the nation to reject traditional church teachings on morality and the concept of God as an "old man in the sky", and instead embrace a universal ethic of love.[8] Bryan R. Wilson's 1966 text Religion in Secular Society explained that increasing secularization led to British churches being abandoned. However, in the US, churches remained popular.[9]

Both McCartney and Harrison had been baptised in the Roman Catholic Church, but neither of them followed Christianity.[10] At the start of Beatlemania, the group came into contact with the Revd Ronald Gibbons, who told reporters that a Beatles version of "O Come All Ye Faithful" might provide the Church of England with "the very shot in the arm it needs".[8]

Response in the US

The day after Cleave's article appeared in the Evening Standard, Beatles press officer Tony Barrow offered Datebook, a US teen magazine, rights to all four interviews. Barrow believed the pieces were important to show fans that the Beatles were progressing beyond simple pop music and producing more intellectually challenging work. As Datebook had already run pieces on fashion designer Mary Quant and on the effects of LSD, it seemed like a suitable vehicle to carry this information.[11]

In late July 1966, nearly five months after UK publication, Datebook republished the interviews. However, art editor Art Unger decided to deliberately put Lennon's quote about Christianity on its front cover, cutting the prose before it.[12][13] In Birmingham, Alabama, WAQY DJ Tommy Charles heard about the quotation from his coworker Doug Layton, and was immediately incensed, saying "That does it for me. I am not going to play the Beatles any more".[12] Charles and Layton asked for listeners' views on Lennon's comment and the response was overwhelmingly negative.[12] Charles later stated, "We just felt it was so absurd and sacrilegious that something ought to be done to show them that they can't get away with this sort of thing".[14] Al Benn, who was the Bureau Manager for United Press International News, heard the WAQY show and immediately filed a news report in New York City, culminating in a major news story in The New York Times on 5 August.[12] Around two dozen other stations followed WAQY's lead with similar announcements. Some stations in the Deep South went further, organising demonstrations with bonfires, drawing hordes of teenagers to publicly burn their Beatles records and other memorabilia.[15]

During the Beatles' performance at Mid-South Coliseum, Memphis, Tennessee, on 19 August 1966, a firecracker was set off onstage.

Epstein was so concerned by the reaction that he considered cancelling the group's upcoming US tour, believing they would be seriously harmed in some way.[16] He then flew to the US and held a press conference in New York City, where he publicly criticised Datebook, saying the magazine had taken Lennon's words out of context, and expressed regret on behalf of the group that "people with certain religious beliefs should have been offended in any way".[16] Epstein's efforts had little effect, as the controversy quickly spread beyond the borders of the US. In Mexico City there were demonstrations against the group, and a number of countries, including South Africa and Spain,[17] made the decision to ban the Beatles' music on national radio stations.[16] The Vatican issued a public denouncement of Lennon's comments.[10]

The Beatles left for their US tour on 11 August 1966. According to Lennon's wife, Cynthia, he was nervous and upset that he had made people angry simply by expressing his opinion.[12] The Beatles attended a press conference in Chicago, Illinois; Lennon did not want to apologise but was advised by Epstein and Barrow that he should.[18] Lennon quipped that "if I had said television was more popular than Jesus, I might have got away with it"[19] but stressed that he was simply remarking on how other people viewed and popularised the band. He described his own belief in God by quoting the Bishop of Woolwich, saying, "... not as an old man in the sky. I believe that what people call God is something in all of us."[16] Adamant that he was not comparing himself with Christ, he tried to explain the decline of Christianity in the UK. Pressed for an apology by a reporter, he said "if you want me to apologise, if that will make you happy, then OK, I'm sorry."[20] Journalists gave a sympathetic response, and told Lennon that the Bible Belt were "quite notorious for their Christian attitude."[21]

When the tour began, it was marred by protests and disturbances.[16] Telephone threats were received, and concerts were picketed by the Ku Klux Klan.[16] Daily Express writer Robert Pitman, responding to the US outcry, wrote, "It seems a nerve for Americans to hold up shocked hands, when week in, week out, America is exporting to us a subculture that makes the Beatles seem like four stern old churchwardens."[14] The reaction was also criticised in the US; a Kentucky radio station declared that it would give the Beatles' music airplay to show its "contempt for hypocrisy personified", and the Jesuit magazine America wrote: "Lennon was simply stating what many a Christian educator would readily admit".[14]

The Memphis city council, aware that a Beatles concert was scheduled at the Mid-South Coliseum during the tour, voted to cancel it rather than have "municipal facilities be used as a forum to ridicule anyone's religion", and also saying, "the Beatles are not welcome in Memphis".[22] The Ku Klux Klan nailed a Beatles album to a wooden cross, vowing "vengeance", with conservative groups staging further public burnings of Beatles records.[14] The Reverend Jimmy Stroad stated that a Christian rally in Memphis "would give the youth of the mid-South an opportunity to show Jesus Christ is more popular than the Beatles".[23] The Memphis shows did take place on 19 August;[24] the afternoon show went as planned, but there was a minor panic when a firecracker was set off on stage during the evening performance,[25] which led the group to believe they were the target of gunfire.[16]

The group hated the tour, partly due to the controversy and adverse reaction from Lennon's comments, and were unhappy about Epstein continuing to organise live performances that were increasingly at odds with their studio work.[26] Harrison seriously contemplated leaving the band, but was persuaded to stay on the condition that the Beatles would from now on be a studio-only group.[27] After a break, they reconvened to record Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, which drew strong commercial success and critical praise when released in June 1967.[28]

Aftermath

Lennon was asked about the controversy three years later during a trip to Canada, in 1969. He repeated his opinion that the Beatles were more influential on young people than Christ, adding that some ministers had agreed with him. He called the protestors in the US "fascist Christians", saying he was "very big on Christ. I've always fancied him. He was right."[29] In 1978, he thanked Jesus for an end to the Beatles' touring, saying "if I hadn't said [that] and upset the very Christian Ku Klux Klan, well, Lord, I might still be up there with all the other performing fleas! God bless America. Thank you, Jesus."[7]

In 1993, Michael Medved wrote in The Sunday Times that "today, comments like Lennon's could never cause controversy; a contemptuous attitude to religion is all but expected from all mainstream pop performers."[30] In 1997, Noel Gallagher claimed that his band Oasis were "bigger than God", but reaction was minimal.[30]

In a 2008 article marking the 40th anniversary of the Beatles' double album The Beatles (also known as the "White Album"), the Vatican newspaper, L'Osservatore Romano, issued the statement:

"The remark by John Lennon, which triggered deep indignation, mainly in the United States, after many years sounds only like a 'boast' by a young working-class Englishman faced with unexpected success, after growing up in the legend of Elvis and rock and roll. The fact remains that 38 years after breaking up, the songs of the Lennon-McCartney brand have shown an extraordinary resistance to the passage of time, becoming a source of inspiration for more than one generation of pop musicians."[31]

In response to the statement, Starr said "Didn't the Vatican say we were Satanic or possibly Satanic, and they've still forgiven us? I think the Vatican's got more to talk about than the Beatles."[32][33] In its 14 April 2010 edition, L'Osservatore Romano responded to Starr's comments, stating that "John Lennon had no need of forgiveness from the Vatican, L'Osservatore Romano reprinted its 1966 article on John Lennon's comments. The 1966 L'Osservatore Romano article noted that Lennon had apologised for his comments and that fellow Beatle Paul McCartney had criticized them."[34] In 2010, Starr said that he had now found religion, adding, "For me, God is in my life ... I think the search has been on since the 1960s."[10]

In 2012, the Houston Press music blog compared several aspects of popular media and concluded Jesus is more popular than the Beatles.[35]

In 2015, The Philippine Star said that almost half a century, Lennon's statement proved half-wrong: Rock ‘n roll is dead but Christianity expanded with Catholicism experiencing exceptional growth through Pope Francis’ lead.[36]

Other mentions

On 18 May 1968, Lennon summoned the other Beatles to a meeting at Apple Corps to announce that he was the living reincarnation of Jesus: "I have something very important to tell you all. I am Jesus Christ. I'm back again."[37] The meeting was adjourned for lunch and Lennon never mentioned the subject again.[38] In May 1969, Lennon and McCartney recorded "The Ballad of John and Yoko", with Lennon singing the lines, "Christ, you know it ain't easy, You know how hard it can be, The way things are going, They're gonna crucify me."[38] In a BBC interview a few months later, Lennon called himself "One of Christ's biggest fans", talked about the Church of England, his vision of heaven, and unhappiness over being unable to marry Yoko Ono in church.[39]

On 3 December 1969,[40] Andrew Lloyd Webber and Tim Rice asked Lennon to play the part of Jesus in the stage production of Jesus Christ Superstar, which he declined,[38] although he said he would have been interested if Ono could play the part of Mary Magdalene.[41] Lennon mentioned Jesus again in his 1970 song, "God", singing, "I don't believe in Jesus", but also sang that he did not believe in the Bible, Buddha, Gita, and the Beatles.[42] While living in Los Angeles with May Pang, Lennon once said to DJ Wolfman Jack, "To boogie or not to boogie, that is the Christian."[43] Critics of Lennon's lyrics also focused the line "Imagine there's no heaven" on Lennon's 1971 song, "Imagine".[44]

Lennon was murdered on 8 December 1980 by Mark David Chapman, who had become a born-again Christian in 1970[45] and was incensed by Lennon's "more popular than Jesus" remark, calling it blasphemy. He later stated that he was further enraged by the songs "God" and "Imagine"—even singing the latter with the altered lyric: "Imagine John Lennon dead".[46]

See also

References

Notes

  1. ↑ Although "Bigger than Jesus" has been used in analysis of the controversy,[1] the specific words used were "more popular than Jesus".[2]

Citations

  1. ↑ Womack & Davis 2012, p. 103.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Gould 2008, pp. 308–309.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Gould 2008, p. 307.
  4. ↑ Pawlowski 1990, p. 175.
  5. ↑ Harry 2000, p. 449.
  6. ↑ Cadogan 2008, p. 4.
  7. 1 2 Cleave, Maureen (5 October 2005). "The John Lennon I knew". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 5 August 2014.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 Gould 2008, p. 342.
  9. ↑ Brown, Callum G.; Snape, Michael Francis, eds. (2010). Secularisation in the Christian World: Essays in Honour of Hugh McLeod. Ashgate Publishing. p. 205. ISBN 978-0-7546-6131-3.
  10. 1 2 3 Pisa, Nick (11 April 2010). "Vatican forgives The Beatles for 'bigger than Jesus' comment". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 5 August 2014.
  11. ↑ Hewitt 2012, p. 82.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 Hewitt 2012, p. 83.
  13. ↑ Chittenden, Maurice (23 November 2008). "John Lennon forgiven for Jesus claim". The Sunday Times. Retrieved 2 June 2011. (subscription required (help)).
  14. 1 2 3 4 Gould 2008, pp. 340–341.
  15. ↑ Cross 2005, p. 176.
  16. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Gould 2008, pp. 346–347.
  17. ↑ "South Africa Squashes Beatles". St. Petersburg Times. 9 August 1966. p. 6.
  18. ↑ Hewitt 2012, p. 84.
  19. ↑ Miles 1997, p. 293.
  20. ↑ Miles 1997, p. 295.
  21. ↑ Hewitt 2012, p. 85.
  22. ↑ Wiener 1991, p. 12.
  23. ↑ Wiener 1991, p. 11.
  24. ↑ Cross 2005, p. 622.
  25. ↑ Spangler, Jay (19 August 1966). "Beatles Interview: Memphis, Tennessee". Beatles Interviews. Retrieved 2 June 2011.
  26. ↑ MacDonald 2005, pp. 212–213.
  27. ↑ MacDonald 2005, p. 213.
  28. ↑ Lewisohn 1992, pp. 350–351.
  29. ↑ Harry 2000, p. 412.
  30. 1 2 Huq 2007, p. 143.
  31. ↑ Itzkoff, Dave (12 April 2010). "Vatican Gets Around to Praising the Beatles". The New York Times. Retrieved 3 August 2011.
  32. ↑ "Vatican "Forgives" Beatles; Ringo Starr Says Bugger Off". iNEWP.com. 15 April 2010. Retrieved 3 August 2011.
  33. ↑ Han, Phil (12 April 2010). "Ringo Starr: 'Vatican has more to talk about than the Beatles'". CNN. Retrieved 3 August 2011.
  34. ↑ "Vatican newspaper responds to Ringo Starr's dismissal of Beatles coverage". CatholicCulture.org, Catholic World News. 14 April 2010. Retrieved 18 November 2013.
  35. ↑ Smith, Nathan (August 10, 2012). "Seriously: Are the Beatles More Popular Than Jesus?". Houston Press. Retrieved December 19, 2013.
  36. ↑ O. Cruz, Edgar (March 31, 2015). "Was Lennon right about Christianity?". The Philippine Star. Retrieved December 19, 2015.
  37. ↑ Cross 2005, p. 233.
  38. 1 2 3 Ingham 2003, p. 262.
  39. ↑ Wynne-Jones, Jonathan (12 July 2008). "Bigger than Jesus? The Beatles were a Christian band". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 1 August 2012.
  40. ↑ Cross 2005, p. 296.
  41. ↑ "Lennon Won't Play Jesus". The Tuscaloosa News. 5 December 1969. p. 2.
  42. ↑ Wiener 1991, p. 6.
  43. ↑ Cook, Dana (8 December 2005). "Imagine all the people". Salon Media Group, Inc. Retrieved 5 July 2011.
  44. ↑ Wiener 1991, p. 161.
  45. ↑ Jones 1992, p. 115.
  46. ↑ Jones 1992, p. 118.

Cited sources

  • Cross, Craig (2005). The Beatles: Day-by-Day, Song-by-Song, Record-by-Record. iUniverse. ISBN 978-0-595-34663-9. 
  • Cadogan, Patrick (2008). The Revolutionary Artist: John Lennon's Radical Years. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. ISBN 978-1-4357-1863-0. 
  • Gould, Jonathan (2008). Can't Buy Me Love: The Beatles, Britain and America. Piatkus. ISBN 978-0-7499-2988-6. 
  • Harry, Bill (2000). The John Lennon Encyclopedia. Virgin Books. ISBN 978-0-7535-0404-8. 
  • Hewitt, Paolo (2012). Love Me Do: 50 Great Beatles Moments. Quercus. ISBN 978-1-78087-559-0. 
  • Huq, Rupa (2007). Beyond Subculture: Pop, Youth and Identity in a Postcolonial World. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-47065-5. 
  • Ingham, Chris (2003). The Rough Guide to The Beatles. Rough Guides Ltd. ISBN 978-1-84353-140-1. 
  • Jones, Jack (1992). Let Me Take You Down: Inside the Mind of Mark David Chapman, the Man Who Killed John. Villard Books. ISBN 978-0-8129-9170-3. 
  • Lewisohn, Mark (1992). The Complete Beatles Chronicle:The Definitive Day-By-Day Guide To The Beatles' Entire Career (2010 ed.). Chicago Review Press. ISBN 978-1-56976-534-0. 
  • MacDonald, Ian (2005). Revolution in the Head: The Beatles' Records and the Sixties (3rd ed.). Chicago Review Press. ISBN 978-1-55652-733-3. 
  • Miles, Barry (1997). Paul McCartney: Many Years From Now. Henry Holt & Company. ISBN 978-0-436-28022-1. 
  • Pawlowski, Gareth L (1990). How They Became The Beatles. McDonald & Co. ISBN 978-0-356-19052-5. 
  • Wiener, Jon (1991). Come Together: John Lennon in His Time. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 978-0-252-06131-8. 
  • Womack, Kenneth; Davis, Todd (2012). Reading the Beatles: Cultural Studies, Literary Criticism, and the Fab Four. SUNY Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-8196-7. 
This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Thursday, February 04, 2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.