Daniel of Moscow

Daniel of Moscow
Grand Prince of Moscow
Grand Prince of Moscow
Predecessor Boris Of Moscow (Disputed)
Successor Yuri I
Born 1261
Vladimir, Vladimir-Suzdal principality
Died 4 March 1303(1303-03-04)
Moscow, Grand Duchy of Moscow
Burial Cathedral of the Archangel
Dynasty Rurik
Father Alexander Nevsky
Mother Maria
Religion Russian Orthodox Church
Daniel of Moscow

Fresco in the Cathedral of the Archangel, Moscow
Born 1261
Vladimir
Died 4 March 1303

Daniil Aleksandrovich (Даниил Александрович in Russian) (1261 – 4 March 1303) was the youngest son of Alexander Nevsky and forefather of all the Grand Princes of Moscow.

Life

Prince Daniel of Moscow was the fourth and youngest son of Saint Prince Alexander Nevsky—famous in the history of the Russian State and the Russian Orthodox Church— and his second wife, Princess Vassa. Daniel was born in 1261 in Vladimir, the capital of the Great Vladimir-Suzdal principality.[1] One of the most junior princes in the House of Rurik, Daniel is thought to have been named after his celebrated relative, Daniel of Galicia.

His father died when he was only two years old. Of his father's patrimonies, he received the least valuable, Moscow.[1] When he was a child, the tiny principality was being governed by tiuns (deputies), appointed by his paternal uncle, Grand Prince Yaroslav III.

Daniel took part in his brothers'—Dmitri of Pereslavl and Andrey of Gorodets—struggle for the right to govern Vladimir and Novgorod, respectively. After Dmitry's death in 1294, Daniel made an alliance with Mikhail of Tver and Ivan of Pereslavl against Andrey of Gorodets of Novgorod.

Daniel's participation in the struggle for Novgorod in 1296 indicated Moscow's increasing political influence. Constantine, the prince of Ryazan, tried to capture the Moscow lands with the help of a Mongol force. Prince Daniel defeated it near Pereslavl. This was a first victory over the Tatars, though not a tremendous victory, but it was noteworthy as a first push towards freedom.[2] In 1300, he imprisoned the ruler of the Ryazan Principality "by some ruse", as the chronicle says. To secure his release, the prisoner ceded to Daniel his fortress of Kolomna. It was an important acquisition, as now Daniel controlled all the length of the Moskva River. In 1302 his childless nephew and ally, Ivan of Pereslavl, bequeathed to Daniel all his lands, including Pereslavl-Zalessky.[2]

During the Mongol occupation and internecine wars among the Rus' princes, Daniel created peace in Moscow without bloodshed. During 30 years of ruling Daniel participated in battles only once.[1] According to legend, Daniel was popular and respected by his subjects for his meekness, humility and peacefulness.

Daniel has been credited with founding the first Moscow monasteries, dedicated to the Lord's Epiphany and to Saint Daniel. On the right bank of the Moskva River, at a distance of 5 miles from the Moscow Kremlin not later than in 1282 he founded the first monastery with the wooden church of St. Daniel-Stylite.[2] Now it is the Danilov Monastery. At the age of 42 on the 17-th (4-th in old style) of March in 1303 St. Daniel died. Before his death he became a monk and, according to his will, was buried in the cemetery of the St. Daniel Monastery.

He was canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church in 1652.

Marriage and children

His wife was named Maria. They had at least six children:

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 History of St. Daniel Monastery of Moscow
  2. 1 2 3 "Right-Believing Prince Daniel of Moscow", Orthodox Church in America

External links

Preceded by
Boris Mikhailovich		 Prince of Moscow Succeeded by
Yuri
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