Dandenong Ranges

For other uses of the name Dandenong, see Dandenong (disambiguation).
Dandenong Ranges
Carhanwarrabul, The Dandenongs

Left - Mount Dandenong and right - Mount Corhanwarrabul, viewed from Mooroolbark
Highest point
Peak Mount Dandenong
Elevation 633 m (2,077 ft)
Coordinates 37°49′52″S 145°21′36″E / 37.83111°S 145.36000°E / -37.83111; 145.36000
Dimensions
Length 50 km (31 mi) N-S
Width 10 km (6.2 mi) E-W
Geography

Location of the Dandenong Ranges in Victoria

Country Australia
State/Province Victoria
Range coordinates 37°50′S 145°21′E / 37.83°S 145.35°E / -37.83; 145.35Coordinates: 37°50′S 145°21′E / 37.83°S 145.35°E / -37.83; 145.35
Parent range Great Dividing Range
Geology
Age of rock Devonian
Type of rock Igneous, Sedimentary and Metamorphic

The Dandenong Ranges (commonly just the Dandenongs) are a set of low mountain ranges, rising to 633 metres at Mount Dandenong, approximately 35 km east of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. The ranges consist mostly of rolling hills, steeply weathered valleys and gullies covered in thick temperate rainforest, predominantly of tall Mountain Ash trees and dense ferny undergrowth.

After European settlement in the region, the range was used as a main source of timber for Melbourne. The ranges were popular with day-trippers from the 1870s onwards. Much of the Dandenongs were protected by parklands as early as 1882 and by 1987 these parklands were amalgamated to form the Dandenong Ranges National Park, which was added to again in 1997. The range experiences light to moderate snow falls a few times most years, frequently between late winter and late spring.

Today, the Dandenongs are home to over 100,000 residents and the area is popular amongst visitors, many of which stay for the weekend at the various Bed & Breakfasts through the region. The popular Puffing Billy Railway, a heritage steam railway, runs through the southern parts of the Dandenongs.

Etymology

Mount Corhanwarrabul summit from the northern face of One Tree Hill

The etymology of the Dandenongs is a complicated one. Two names have been used to refer to the ranges; Corhanwarrabul and Dandenong, both derived from the Woiwurrung language of the Wurundjeri people.

It is suspected that the name Dandenong was applied to the ranges because Dandenong Creek originates there, however, the original name for Dandenong Creek was Narra Narrawong. It is not known where the name Dandenong came from nor what it means, or even its correct spelling, other variations include; Tanjenong, Tangynon and Bangeong. In any case, both names relate at least to watercourses in general, and not to mountains or ranges, as indicated by the ong ending.

So as the name Dandenong may not actually apply to anything in the immediate area, the relevance of the name Corhanwarrabul becomes apparent. Carhanwarrabul (pronounced either "corhan-warrabul" with a silent "h", or "cor-hana-warrabul") was the original name for one of the two main summits, perhaps both or perhaps the entire range. The name applied to the main summits and was in continued use up until around 1900, when the name Dandenong appeared. At any rate, Corhanwarrabul remains the most relevant name for the ranges to date.

Geology and ecology

Sherbrooke Forest
Olinda Forest, west of Olinda Falls

The range is the remains of an extinct volcano last active around 200 million years ago.[1] It consists predominantly of Devonian dacite and rhyodacite.

The topography consists of a series of ridges dissected by deeply cut streams. Sheltered gullies in the south of the range are home to temperate rain forest, fern gullies and Mountain Ash forest Eucalyptus regnans, whereas the drier ridges and exposed northern slopes are covered by dry sclerophyll forest of stringybarks and box. The entire range is highly prone to bushfires, the most recent of which have been the 1983 Ash Wednesday bushfires, the 1997 Dandenong Ranges bushfires and small fires during the Black Saturday bushfires in 2009.

A number of watercourses originate in the Dandenongs, these include:

Waterfalls

Summits

Mount Corhanwarrabul summit, 2005
Spur—Tremont Hill—396m
Spur—Chandlers Hill

Climate

The Dandenong Ranges climate is generally mild and wet, with daily temperature variation generally low, often as low as 1 degree in the winter months. Rainfall is fairly uniform through the year, tending to peak between April and October with lower rainfall during the months of January and February. The mean annual rainfall is between 1000 and 1500 mm, increasing with elevation and from west to east . The elevation means that temperatures are typically 2 to 5 degrees °C cooler than the lower suburbs of Melbourne to the west , with temperatures typically lowering by 1 degree C for every 150 m of elevation. Due to the elevation, fog is common in winter months.

As a result of its elevation snow typically falls one or two times a year at higher elevations, mostly between the months of June and October. A rare summer snow occurred on Christmas Day 2006 . The local region has experienced substantial warming in recent decades and heavy snowfalls which were once common have become rare. The last significant snowfall to affect the Dandenongs Ranges was on August 10, 2008, when as much 15 cm fell at the highest elevations.

A Bureau of Meteorology weather station sits at an elevation of 513 m in the Ferny Creek Reserve in the southern part of the Dandenongs Ranges. This weather station replaced one that was previously located on the summit of Dunns Hill.

Snow in Sassafrass, Victoria, Australia, August 10, 2008


Climate data for Mount Dandenong
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 37.3
(99.1)		 39.3
(102.7)		 33.6
(92.5)		 28.0
(82.4)		 20.3
(68.5)		 15.0
(59)		 16.0
(60.8)		 20.0
(68)		 22.7
(72.9)		 28.7
(83.7)		 33.2
(91.8)		 36.2
(97.2)		 39.3
(102.7)
Average high °C (°F) 22.1
(71.8)		 22.9
(73.2)		 19.7
(67.5)		 15.4
(59.7)		 11.7
(53.1)		 8.8
(47.8)		 8.2
(46.8)		 9.6
(49.3)		 11.6
(52.9)		 14.8
(58.6)		 17.3
(63.1)		 19.9
(67.8)		 15.2
(59.4)
Average low °C (°F) 11.5
(52.7)		 12.6
(54.7)		 11.3
(52.3)		 9.0
(48.2)		 6.0
(42.8)		 4.4
(39.9)		 3.6
(38.5)		 4.2
(39.6)		 5.0
(41)		 6.8
(44.2)		 8.3
(46.9)		 9.8
(49.6)		 7.8
(46)
Record low °C (°F) 4.0
(39.2)		 4.7
(40.5)		 3.7
(38.7)		 0.7
(33.3)		 −0.4
(31.3)		 −1.0
(30.2)		 −2.3
(27.9)		 −2.0
(28.4)		 −1.8
(28.8)		 −0.6
(30.9)		 0.5
(32.9)		 2.3
(36.1)		 −2.3
(27.9)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 70.2
(2.764)		 61.2
(2.409)		 74.6
(2.937)		 102.0
(4.016)		 129.6
(5.102)		 98.4
(3.874)		 95.5
(3.76)		 116.8
(4.598)		 106.0
(4.173)		 104.8
(4.126)		 109.4
(4.307)		 95.7
(3.768)		 1,164.2
(45.834)
Average rainy days (≥ 0.2mm) 12.1 8.4 12.4 13.7 18.2 17.8 20.0 19.7 17.5 16.5 15.2 12.9 184.4
Source: Bureau of Meteorology[2]

Settlements in the Dandenong Ranges

Around 120,000 people live in and around the Dandenong Ranges, depending on the definition. The following settlements are located in the Dandenongs themselves (72,500~):

Some settlements located on and around the plateau to the east of the ranges are sometimes included (14,200~):

Settlements in the western foothills are also sometimes included (34,500~):

Human History

The Monbulk Creek Trestle Bridge, part of the Puffing Billy Railway

The ranges are located near the boundary between the Wurundjeri and Bunurong nations territories. The two nations were part of the Kulin alliance and were most often on friendly terms. The mountain range however was not often frequented by either nations people as mountainous areas were often considered one of many resting places for various spirits.

In 1938, the aircraft Kyeema crashed on the western face of Mount Corhanwarrabul due to heavy fog and poor navigation, 18 people died.

Utilities

Transmission towers

There are several large television transmission towers on various summits that were initially constructed to broadcast TV to Central Victoria

Tourism and Attractions

Regulations

Camping is not permitted within the National Park and fire restrictions may apply during the summer months. There are no rubbish bins in the national parks and visitors must leave with all items that they arrived with.

Bushfires

Due to the climate of the region, the type of vegetation and the topography, the Dandenong Ranges periodically experience bushfires. Some of the recent occurrences included:

The Dandenong Ranges, viewed from Heidelberg looking east over Doncaster Hill, through smoke haze after the Black Saturday bushfires

Gallery

See also

References

  1. ↑ William D. Birch (1994). Volcanoes in Victoria. Royal Society of Victoria. ISBN 0730606279.
  2. ↑ "MOUNT DANDENONG GTV9". Climate statistics for Australian locations. Bureau of Meteorology. May 2013. Retrieved June 2013.
  3. ↑ http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/ABSNavigation/prenav/LocationSearch?collection=Census&period=2006&areacode=SSC21065&producttype=QuickStats&breadcrumb=PL&action=401

External links

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Dandenong Ranges.
This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Sunday, January 03, 2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.