Danaus melanippus
| Black veined tiger | |
|---|---|
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| Topside | |
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| Butterfly Garden in Science City Kolkata | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Nymphalidae |
| Tribe: | Danaini |
| Genus: | Danaus |
| Species: | D. melanippus |
| Binomial name | |
| Danaus melanippus (Cramer, [1777]) | |
| Subspecies | |
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See text | |
The black veined tiger, white tiger, common tiger, or eastern common tiger (Danaus melanippus) is a butterfly species found in tropical Asia which belongs to the "crows and tigers", that is, the danaine group of the brush-footed butterflies family.
It ranges from Assam in eastern India through Southeast Asia south to Indonesia, and eastwards to the Philippines and through southern China to Taiwan.[1][2] It has around 17 subspecies, and its closest relative is the Malay tiger, Danaus affinis.[2]
Subspecies
Listed alphabetically.[3]
- D. m. celebensis (Staudinger, 1889) – N.Sulawesi
- D. m. edmondii (Bougainville, 1837) – Philippines
- D. m. edwardi (van Eecke, 1914) – Simeulue
- D. m. eurydice (Butler, 1884) – Nias
- D. m. haruhasa Doherty, 1891 – Sumbawa - Alor
- D. m. hegesippus (Cramer, [1777]) – Peninsular Malaya, Langkawi, Singapore, Sumatra, Bangka, Belitung
- D. m. indicus (Fruhstorfer, 1899) – E.India - Thailand, Indo-China
- D. m. keteus (Hagen, 1898) – Mentawai
- D. m. kotoshonis Matsumura, 1929 – Taiwan
- D. m. lotina (Fruhstorfer, 1904) – Natuna Is.
- D. m. lotis (Cramer, [1779])
- D. m. melanippus (Cramer]], [1777]) – Java
- D. m. meridionigra Martin, [1914] – C.Sulawesi
- D. m. nesippus (Felder, 1862) – Nicobars
- D. m. pietersi (Doherty, 1891) – Enggano
- D. m. umbrosus Fruhstorfer, 1906 – Pualu Tello
See also
References
- ↑ Evans, W.H. (1932). The Identification of Indian Butterflies (2nd edition). Bombay Natural History Society, Mumbai, India.
- 1 2 Smith, David A. S.; Lushai, Gugs & Allen, John A. (2005). A classification of Danaus butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) based upon data from morphology and DNA. Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 144(2): 191–212. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2005.00169.x (HTML abstract)
- ↑ Danaus melanippus, funet.fi
- Gaonkar, Harish (1996). Butterflies of the Western Ghats, India (including Sri Lanka) - A Biodiversity Assessment of a threatened mountain system. Centre for Ecological Sciences, IISc, Bangalore, India & Natural History Museum, London, UK.
- Gay, Thomas; Kehimkar, Isaac & Punetha, J.C. (1992). Common Butterflies of India. WWF-India and Oxford University Press, Mumbai, India.
- Haribal, Meena (1994). The Butterflies of Sikkim Himalaya and their Natural History. Sikkim Nature Conservation Foundation, Gangtok, India.
- Kunte, Krushnamegh (2005). India - A Lifescape: Butterflies of Peninsular India. Universities Press, Hyderabad, India. ISBN 81-7371-354-5
- Wynter-Blyth, M.A. (1957). Butterflies of the Indian Region. Bombay Natural History Society, Mumbai, India.
External links
Media related to Danaus melanippus at Wikimedia Commons
Data related to Danaus melanippus at Wikispecies
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