Dabuyid dynasty

Dabuyid dynasty
← 642–760 →   →   →   →
The Dabuyid dynasty around its greatest extent under Farrukhan the Great
Capital		Amol (early) Sari (late)
Languages		Middle Persian, Caspian languages
Religion		Zoroastrianism
Government		Monarchy
Ispahbadh
•	640-660	Gil Gavbara (first)
•	740/41-759/60	Khurshid (last)
Historical era		Middle Ages
•	Muslim conquest of Persia	642
•	Abbasid conquest of Tabaristan	760
Today part of		Azerbaijan  Iran  Turkmenistan

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Mythological history Pishdadian dynasty Kayanian dynasty
Ancient period BC Kura-Araxes culture 3400–2000 Proto-Elamite 3200–2700 Elam 2700–539 Akkadian Empire 2400–2150 Kassites c.1500 – c.1155 Neo-Assyrian Empire 911–609 Urartu 860–590 Mannaeans 850–616
Imperial period Median Empire 678–550 BC (Scythian Kingdom) 652–625 BC Neo-Babylonian Empire 626 BC–539 BC Achaemenid Empire 550–330 BC Kingdom of Armenia 331 BC – 428 AD Atropatene 320s BC – 3rd century AD Seleucid Empire 312–63 BC Parthian Empire 247 BC – 224 AD Suren Kingdom 119 BC – 240 AD Sasanian Empire 224–651
Medieval period Umayyad Caliphate 661–750 Abbasid Caliphate 750–1258 Dabuyids 642–760 Bavandids 651–1349 Masmughans of Damavand 651–760 Paduspanids 665–1598 Qarinvandids 7th – 11th century Justanids 791–974 Alid dynasties 864 – 14th century Tahirid dynasty 821–873 Samanid Empire 819–999 Saffarid dynasty 861–1002 Ghurid dynasty pre-879 – 1141 Sajid dynasty 889–929 Sallarid dynasty 919–1062 Ziyarid dynasty 930–1090 Ilyasids 932–968 Buyid dynasty 934–1062 Ghaznavid Empire 977–1186 Kakuyids 1008-1141 Nasrids 1029-1236 Seljuq Empire 1037–1194 Khwarazmian Empire 1077–1231 Atabegs of Yazd 1141–1319 Eldiguzids 1135–1225 Mihrabanids 1236–1537 Kurt dynasty 1244–1396 Ilkhanate Empire 1256–1335 Chobanid dynasty 1335–1357 Muzaffarid dynasty 1335–1393 Jalayirid dynasty 1337–1376 Sarbadars 1337–1376 Injuids 1335–1357 Afrasiyab dynasty 1349–1504 Marashis 1359–1596 Timurid Empire 1370–1507 Kia'i dynasty 1389–1592 Qara Qoyunlu 1406–1468 Aq Qoyunlu 1468–1508
Early modern period Safavid Empire 1501–1736 (Hotaki dynasty) 1722–1729 Afsharid dynasty 1736–1796 Talysh Khanate 1747–1826 Zand dynasty 1750–1794 Qajar dynasty 1785–1925
Modern period Pahlavi dynasty 1925–1979 Interim Government of Iran 1979–1980 Islamic Republic of Iran 1980–present
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The Dabuyid or Gaubarid Dynasty was a Zoroastrian^[1] Iranian dynasty that started in the early seventh century as an independent group of rulers, reigning over Tabaristan and parts of western Khorasan.^[2] Dabuyid rule over Tabaristan and Khorasan lasted from ca. AD 642 to the Abbasid conquest in 760.

History

The family's early history is semi-mythical, and recorded by the later historian Ibn Isfandiyar. According to this story, the Dabuyids were descended from a brother of the Sassanid shah Kavadh I. His grandson Firuz conquered Gilan, and Firuz's grandson Gil, surnamed Gavbara, then extended the family's rule over Tabaristan as well. This led to the formal conferment of the titles of Gil-Gilan ("ruler of Gilan") and Padashwargarshah ("Shah of Patashwargar", the old name of Tabaristan's mountains), to Gil's son Dabuya or Daboe, by the last Sassanid shah, Yazdegerd III. Following the Muslim conquest of Persia the Dabuyids established their domain as a quasi-independent principality, owing only nominal allegiance to the Arab Caliphate. In addition to the titles granted by Yazdegerd, the Dabuyid rulers also bore the old Iranian military rank of ispahbadh as their regnal title.

The first documented ruler of the Dabuyid line, however, is Farrukhan the Great, who repelled a great Muslim invasion under Yazid ibn al-Muhallab in 716–717, and who may in reality be the true founder of Dabuyid rule in Tabaristan; more recent research places his assumption of power there in the 670s instead of the early 710s, as hitherto assumed. Farrokhan died in 728, and was succeeded by his son, Dadmihr. Little is known of his reign, and he died at an early age in 740/741. His son and successor, Khurshid, was still a boy, and his uncle Farrukhan the Little ruled as regent for seven years. Khurshid ruled a prosperous state, and tried repeatedly, though without success, to break his ties to the Caliphate, exploiting the turmoil of the final years of the Umayyads and of the Abbasid Revolution. These attempts led to a large-scale invasion of Tabaristan in 759, forcing Khurshid to seek refuge in Gilan, where he poisoned himself in 761.

Dabuyid rulers

• Gil Gavbara (640-660)
• Dabuya (660-676)
• Farrukhan the Great (712-728)
• Dadhburzmihr (728-740/41)
• Farrukhan the Little (740/41-747/48) as regent for
• Khurshid (741-759/60)

References

Sources

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dabuyid dynasty.

• Inostranzev, M. (1918) Iranian Influence on Moslem Literature – Appendix I: Independent Zoroastrian Princes of Tabaristan.
• Madelung, Wilferd (1993). "DABUYIDS". In Yarshater, Ehsan. Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. VI, Fasc. 5. London u.a.: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 541–544. ISBN 1-56859-007-5. 
• Pourshariati, Parvaneh (2008). Decline and Fall of the Sasanian Empire: The Sasanian-Parthian Confederacy and the Arab Conquest of Iran. London and New York: I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-84511-645-3. 

Dabuyid rulers of Tabaristan Ispahbadhs Gil Gavbara Dabuya Farrukhan the Great Dadhburzmihr Farrukhan the Little Khurshid See also Paduspanids Cave of Khurshid Saruyih