Dimethylethanolamine

Dimethylethanolamine
Skeletal formula of dimethylethanolamine
Ball-and-stick model of the dimethylethanolamine molecule
Names
IUPAC name
2-(Dimethylamino)ethanol
Other names
  • Deanol
  • Dimethylamino ethanol
Identifiers
108-01-0 YesY
Abbreviations DMAE, DMEA
1209235
ChEBI CHEBI:271436 N
ChEMBL ChEMBL1135 N
ChemSpider 13854944 N
EC Number 203-542-8
Jmol interactive 3D Image
KEGG D07777 N
MeSH Deanol
PubChem 7902
RTECS number KK6125000
UNII 2N6K9DRA24 YesY
UN number 2051
Properties
C4H11NO
Molar mass 89.14 g·mol−1
Appearance Colourless liquid
Odor Fishy, ammoniacal
Density 890 mg mL−1
Melting point −59.00 °C; −74.20 °F; 214.15 K
Boiling point 134.1 °C; 273.3 °F; 407.2 K
log P −0.25
Vapor pressure 816 Pa (at 20 °C)
Acidity (pKa) 9.23 (at 20 °C)[1]
Basicity (pKb) 4.77 (at 20 °C)
1.4294
Pharmacology
ATC code N06BX04
Hazards
GHS pictograms
GHS signal word DANGER
H226, H302, H312, H314, H332
P280, P305+351+338, P310
C
R-phrases R10, R20/21/22, R34
S-phrases (S1/2), S25, S26, S36/37/39, S45
Flash point 39 °C (102 °F; 312 K)
Explosive limits 1.4–12.2%
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
  • 1.214 g kg−1 (dermal, rabbit)
  • 2 g kg−1 (oral, rat)
Related compounds
Related alkanols
Related compounds
 Diethylhydroxylamine
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N verify (what is YesYN ?)
Infobox references

Dimethylaminoethanol and dimethylethanolamine (DMAE and DMEA respectively), with deanol, are common names for 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol.

Chemical structure and properties

This compound has tertiary amine and primary alcohol groups as functional groups.. The alcohol functionality, in combination with the amine and its low molecular weight imparts water solubility on the compound, and makes ester derivatives possible; the amine functionality gives the compound its alkaline character, and allows for formulation of salts of the compound.

Uses

Its characteristics arise from its chemical features as well as from its overall structural similarity to chemical compounds involved in primary metabolism and neurophysiology.

Biochemical roles

According to WebMD:

"Deanol is a chemical that is involved in a series of reactions that form acetylcholine, a chemical that is found in the brain and other areas of the body. Acetylcholine is a “neurotransmitter” that helps nerve cells communicate.

Deanol is used for treating attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Alzheimer’s disease, autism, and a movement disorder called tardive dyskinesia. It is also used for improving memory and mood; boosting thinking skills and intelligence; and increasing physical energy, oxygen efficiency, athletic performance, and muscle reflexes. It is also used for preventing aging or liver spots, improving red blood cell function, and extending life span.

Deanol is applied to the skin for reducing signs of aging, particularly loose or sagging skin.

Deanol was previously sold by Riker Laboratories as the prescription drug Deaner. It was prescribed for the management of children with behavior problems and learning difficulties. Deanol is not an approved food additive in the U.S., nor is it an orphan drug, as some advertising suggests.

[2][3] Dimethylaminoethanol serves as a precursor of choline in the liver. In the brain, DMAE is incorporated into phospholipids, as phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine (PDME), which can then be converted, via N-methylation, to phosphatidylcholine. As a component of nerve membranes, PDME may increase fluidity and permeability, and acting as an antioxidant.

Industrial uses

Industrial uses include as a bulk chemical in water purification, as a fine chemical precursor in pharmaceutical and other organic syntheses, and as an additive in a variety of applications, including with resins and coatings. There is expanding interest in use of DMAE as a nutraceutical, and it is has been tested as a possible therapeutic agent related to a variety of cholinergic functions.

DMAE is used in bulk quantities for water treatment, in the coatings industry, and as a curing agent for polyurethanes and epoxy resins. It is also used in the chemical synthesis of dyestuffs, pharmaceuticals, emulsifiers, textile auxiliaries, as an additive to paint removers and amino resins, and as an additive to boiler water to provide corrosion resistance. For instance, 2-dimethylaminoethyl chloride hydrochloride is synthesized from dimethylaminoethanol, and serves as an intermediate that is widely used for the manufacture of pharmaceuticals.[4]

DMAE forms a number of salts with melting points below room temperature ionic liquids, (e.g. N,N-dimethylethanolammonium acetate and N,N-dimethylethanolammonium octanoate), which can be used in applications where alternatives to conventional solvents are required.[5]

Neutraceutical uses

The bitartrate salt of DMAE, i.e. 2-dimethylaminoethanol (+)-bitartrate, is sold as a dietary supplement.[6] It is a white powder providing 37% DMAE.[7]

Further reading (secondary sources)

Further reading (primary sources)

See also

References

  1. ↑ Littel, RJ, Bos, M, Knoop, GJ (1990). "Dissociation constants of some alkanolamines at 293, 303, 318, and 333 K". J. Chem. Eng. Data 35: 276–277. doi:10.1021/je00061a014.
  2. ↑ Grossman, R (2005). "The role of dimethylaminoethanol in cosmetic dermatology". American journal of clinical dermatology 6 (1): 39–47. doi:10.2165/00128071-200506010-00005. PMID 15675889.
  3. ↑ Pfeiffer, C. C.; Jenney, E. H.; Gallagher, W; Smith, R. P.; Bevan Jr, W; Killam, K. F.; Killam, E. K.; Blackmore, W (1957). "Stimulant effect of 2-dimethylaminoethanol; possible precursor of brain acetylcholine". Science 126 (3274): 610–1. doi:10.1126/science.126.3274.610. PMID 13467254.
  4. ↑ Ashford's Dictionary of Industrial Chemicals, 3rd edition, 2011, ISBN 978-0-9522674-3-0, p. 3294.
  5. ↑ Sanders, M. W.; Wright, L; Tate, L; Fairless, G; Crowhurst, L; Bruce, N. C.; Walker, A. J.; Hembury, G. A.; Shimizu, S (2009). "Unexpected preferential dehydration of artemisinin in ionic liquids". The Journal of Physical Chemistry A 113 (38): 10143–5. doi:10.1021/jp906436e. PMID 19722599.
  6. ↑ Karen E. Haneke & Scott Masten, 2002, "Dimethylethanolamine (DMAE) [108-01-0] and Selected Salts and Esters: Review of Toxicological Literature (Update)," Report on National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Contract No. N01-ES-65402, November 2002, from Contractee Integrated Laboratory Systems, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, see , accessed 30 April 2015.
  7. ↑ Sigma Aldrich: Safety Data Sheet: 2-Dimethylaminoethanol (+)-bitartrate
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