Duvvuri Subbarao

Duvvuri Subbarao (born on 11 August 1949),^[2] is an Indian Economist, Central Banker and Civil Servant. He was the 22nd Governor of Reserve Bank of India, served under Prime Minister Dr.Manmohan Singh.

Dr. D. Subbarao is a 1972 batch Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer of Andhra Pradesh cadre. He was appointed the 22nd Governor of Reserve Bank of India (RBI) from 5 September 2008, with an extension in 2011 till 4 September 2013.^[3]

Early life

Subbarao's hometown is Eluru in West Godavari district, a city near Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh. He did his schooling from the Sainik School in Korukonda, Andhra Pradesh. He graduated in Physics B.Sc Hons. from Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur (class of 1969).

He received a M.Sc degree also in Physics from Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur.^[4] Subbarao topped the Civil Services Examination in 1972 and was assigned the Andhra Pradesh cadre.^[5]

In 1978, he did a master's degree in economics from Ohio State University, United States. After a few years, Subbarao joined the Humphrey Fellowship program at Massachusetts Institute of Technology to study Quantitative Economic Modelling. He became a Humphrey Fellow at MIT in 1982.^[6] He later received a Ph.D. in Economics from Andhra University.^[7] His doctoral thesis was titled "Fiscal reforms at the sub-national level" (1998).

Career

Dr. Subbarao worked as the joint secretary in the Department of Economic Affairs, Ministry of Finance,^[8] Government of India between 1988 and 1993. Subsequently he became the Finance Secretary to the Government of Andhra Pradesh between 1993 and 1998. On completion of his term, he was deputed as lead economist in the World Bank from 1994 to 2004. On completion of his term, he was appointed to the Prime Ministers’ Economic Advisory Council from 2005 to 2007 before he was elevated as the Finance Secretary in 2007. On 5 September 2008, he was appointed the twenty-second Governor of Reserve Bank of India (RBI)^[5] and Arun Ramanathan was appointed as Finance Secretary on 21 September 2008 in his vacancy.^[9] His term was extended for two more years in 2011.^[3]

Dr. Subbarao was involved in the initiation of fiscal reforms at the state level and had managed a flagship study on decentralisation across major countries of East Asia including China, Indonesia, Vietnam, Philippines and Cambodia.He is credited with financial turnaround of Andhra Pradesh in late nineties when the state had slipped into an unprecedented fiscal crisis^[5]

Achievements

During his tenure as Governor of RBI, Dr Subbarao took initiatives for demystification^[10] of the Central Bank, including lucid presentation of terse macro economic concepts in the RBI publications and grassroots level interaction with the masses through various financial inclusion, financial literacy and village outreach programmes. He was instrumental in ensuring 100% meaningful financial inclusion in Ernakulam district of Kerala.^[11] In February 2012, Subbarao expounded his world famous theory on the New Trilemma of Central Bankers, which he named as the "Holy Trinity"^[12] of price stability, financial stability and sovereign debt sustainability as against Mundell's well known "Impossible Trinity" of fixed exchange rate, free capital flows and independent monetary policy.^[13] Subbarao's erudite exposition on holy trinity firmly established the Indian perspective^[14] in the scholastic debate on the global central banking trilemma.^[15]

Dr Subbarao's taking charge as RBI Governor in 2008 was coincident^[16] with the outbreak of the Global Financial Crisis.^[17] Subbarao is generally credited as having safely stewarded Indian economy through the financial crisis.^[18] However, it was during Subbarao's tenure that the value of Indian Rupee tumbled spectacularly, with USD/INR exchange rate for the first time breaching the psychological barrier of 60,^[19] and even hitting a new low of 69.

Controversies

Dr Subbarao is known to have a mind of his own and frequently vetoes / overrides the opinion of his fellow members in the Technical Advisory Group on Monetary Policy.^[20] He is criticized as lacking democratic spirit by regularly going against majority opinion of fellow experts in the apex level committee.^[21]

During Subbarao's last days at the helm of RBI, the banking industry in India was rocked by the infamous Cobra Post expose of money Laundering by leading Indian banks through violation of RBI's KYC guidelines, which pointed to the slackness and loopholes in the supervisory role of RBI.^[22] Dr Subbarao was also drawn into controversy when a whistleblowing complaint written to him in October 2012 by the noted activist Dr. Devidas Tuljapurkar against fraudulent activities of Bank of Maharashtra, was routinely and unthinkingly forwarded by the RBI Governor to the very organisation against which the complaint had been made.^[23] This led to alleged and massive harassment of Dr. Tuljapurkar (an ex-Director of Bank of Maharashtra) by the bank management, undermining the abject failure of whistle-blowing policy in both RBI and BoM.^[24]

Personal life

He is married to Urmila Subbarao.^[25][26] They have two sons, Mallik and Raghav, who are both IIT graduates like their father.

References

Governors of the Reserve Bank of India Osborne Smith (1935–37) James Braid Taylor (1937–43) C. D. Deshmukh (1943–49) Benegal Rama Rau (1949–57) K. G. Ambegaonkar (1957–57) H. V. R. Iyengar (1957–62) P. C. Bhattacharya (1962–67) Lakshmi Kant Jha (1967–70) B. N. Adarkar (1970–70) S. Jagannathan (1970–75) N. C. Sen Gupta (1975–75) K. R. Puri (1975–77) M. Narasimham (1977–77) I. G. Patel (1977–82) Manmohan Singh (1982–85) Amitav Ghosh (1985–85) R. N. Malhotra (1985–90) S. Venkitaramanan (1990–92) C. Rangarajan (1992–97) Bimal Jalan (1997–2003) Y. Venugopal Reddy (2003–08) Duvvuri Subbarao (2008–13) Raghuram Rajan (2013–present)