Roer (department)

Map of the département de la Roer, circa the early 1800s.

Roer is the name of a département of the First French Empire in present day Germany and the Netherlands. It was named after the river Rur, which flows through the département. It was formed in 1795, when the Southern Netherlands and the left bank of the Rhine were occupied by the French. The département de la Roer was formed from the duchies of Jülich and Cleves, the part of the Archbishopric of Cologne left of the Rhine, the free city of Aachen, the Prussian part of the duchy of Guelders and some smaller territories. In 1805 the city Wesel was added to the département.

The capital was Aix-la-Chapelle. The département was subdivided in the following arrondissements and cantons (situation in 1812):^[1]

Aachen, cantons: Aachen (2 cantons), Burtscheid, Düren, Eschweiler, Froitzheim, Geilenkirchen, Gemünd, Heinsberg, Linnich, Monschau and Sittard.
Cleves, cantons: Cleves, Geldern, Goch, Horst, Kalkar, Kranenburg, Wankum, Wesel and Xanten.
Krefeld, cantons: Krefeld, Bracht, Erkelenz, Kempen, Moers, Neersen, Neuss, Odenkirchen, Rheinberg, Uerdingen, Viersen
Cologne, cantons: Cologne (4 cantons), Bergheim, Brühl, Dormagen, Elsen, Jülich, Kerpen, Lechenich, Weiden and Zülpich.

Its population in 1812 was 631,094.^[1]

After Napoleon was defeated in 1814, the département was divided between the United Kingdom of the Netherlands (left bank of the Meuse and a strip along its right bank including Gennep, Tegelen and Sittard, in present Dutch Limburg) and the Kingdom of Prussia (Province of Jülich-Cleves-Berg, presently part of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany).

References

1 2 Almanach Impérial an bissextil MDCCCXII, p. 458-9, accessed in Gallica 16 July 2013 (French)

Territories annexed to the First French Empire (1804–1814)

44 départements (now parts of Belgium, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Spain, and Switzerland) created from annexed territories

Alpes-Maritimes Apennins Arno Bouches-de-l'Èbre / Bouches-de-l'Èbre-Montserrat Bouches-de-l'Elbe Bouches-de-l'Escaut Bouches-de-l'Yssel Bouches-de-la-Meuse Bouches-du-Rhin Bouches-du-Weser Deux-Nèthes Doire Dyle Ems-Occidental Ems-Oriental Ems-Supérieur Escaut Forêts Frise Gênes Jemmape Léman Lippe Lys Marengo Méditerranée Meuse-Inférieure Mont-Blanc Montserrat Mont-Terrible Mont-Tonnerre Montenotte Ombrone Ourthe Pô Rhin-et-Moselle Roer Rome Sambre-et-Meuse Sarre Sègre / Sègre-Ter Sésia Simplon Stura Tanaro† Taro Ter Tibre Trasimène Yssel-Supérieur Zuyderzée †The Tanaro department was established in 1802 and disbanded in 1805. Its territory was divided between the three départments of Marengo, Stura, and Montenotte (the latter was created after the annexation of the Ligurian Republic).

Coordinates: 51°10′N 6°30′E / 51.167°N 6.500°E / 51.167; 6.500

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