Cyrilla
| Cyrilla racemiflora | |
|---|---|
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| Cyrilla racemiflora in Myrtle Beach, SC | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| (unranked): | Angiosperms |
| (unranked): | Eudicots |
| (unranked): | Asterids |
| Order: | Ericales |
| Family: | Cyrillaceae |
| Genus: | Cyrilla |
| Species: | C. racemiflora |
| Binomial name | |
| Cyrilla racemiflora L. | |
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| Natural range within United States | |
Cyrilla racemiflora, the sole species in the genus Cyrilla, is a flowering plant in the family Cyrillaceae, native to warm temperate to tropical regions of the Americas, from the southeastern United States (coastal areas from southeastern Texas east to southeastern Virginia), south through the Caribbean, Mexico (Oaxaca only) and Central America to northern Brazil and Colombia in South America. Common names include swamp cyrilla, swamp titi,[1] red titi,[2]black titi,[2] white titi,[2] leatherwood,[2] ironwood,[2] he huckleberry,[2] and myrtle.[2]
It grows in swamps, along streams, bogs, bayheads, backwaters, wet prairies, low pinelands, pocosins, flatwood depressions, preferring acid, sandy, or peaty soils. In tropical rainforests, it is a small tree growing to 10 m or more tall, but only a shrub to 4 m tall in temperate regions at the northern edge of its range. It is most recognizable from its white flowers which are noticeable on the plant during the summer months. It is primarily evergreen, but during the autumn months some of the leaves turn a brilliant red before falling, and plants at the northern edge of its range tend to be deciduous.
The leaves are alternate, simple, oblanceolate to oval, rounded or pointed at the tip, narrowed to the base, thick, without teeth, smooth, sometimes nearly evergreen, reticulate-veined, 4–10 cm long and 1.2–3 cm broad. The flowers are crowded in 8–15 cm long racemes borne on the previous year's twigs; each flower is 5–10 mm diameter, with five white petals, and is subtended by a slender bract. The fruit is a yellow-brown capsule 2–3 mm long.
Although generally treated as a single variable species, some botanists in the past have split Cyrilla racemiflora into several species. Synonyms include C. antillana, C. arida, C. brevifolia, C. caroliniana, C. cubensis, C. fuscata, C. nipensis, C. nitidissima, C. parvifolia, C. perrottetii, C. polystachia.