Curtiss XP-46
XP-46 | |
---|---|
Curtiss XP-46 (USAF photo) | |
Role | Fighter |
Manufacturer | Curtiss-Wright Corporation |
Designer | Don R. Berlin |
First flight | 15 February 1941 |
Primary user | United States Army Air Corps (intended) |
Number built | 2 |
Developed from | Curtiss P-40 |
Developed into | Curtiss XP-53 |
The Curtiss XP-46 was a 1940s United States prototype fighter aircraft. It was a development of the Curtiss-Wright Corporation in an effort to introduce the best features found in European fighter aircraft in 1939 into a fighter aircraft which could succeed the Curtiss P-40, then in production.
Design and development
A United States Army Air Corps (USAAC) specification based upon a Curtiss proposal was the basis for an order placed in September 1939 for the XP-46. The requirements called for a single-engine, low-wing aircraft, slightly smaller than the P-40, and with a wide-track, inward-retracting landing gear. The selected powerplant was a 1,150 hp (858 kW) Allison V-1710-39 V-12 engine. The planned armament included two .50 in (12.7 mm) synchronized machine guns in the forward fuselage and provisions for eight .30 in (7.62 mm) wing-mounted guns. The USAAC later added requirements for self-sealing fuel tanks and 65 lb (29 kg) of armor, the weights of which were to adversely affect performance.
Testing
Two prototype aircraft were delivered, designated XP-46A, with the first flight occurring on 15 February 1941. However, the USAAC decided in July 1940 (while the XP-46s were under construction) to replace the XP-46 procurement effort with an upgraded P-40 which would use the planned XP-46 engine. In this manner, a serious disruption of the Curtiss production line would be avoided.
In 1940 the British Purchasing Commission had placed an order for P-46s as a replacement for the P-40, which had been ordered for the RAF as the 'Tomahawk', although the British order for P-46s was later cancelled.[1]
While early models of the P-40 were being produced, Curtiss began testing a follow-on design, the XP-46. As it offered no particular improvements over the latest P-40s, the program was cancelled.[2] The performance during trials of the XP-46 was subsequently found to be inferior to the upgraded P-40 (designated P-40D).
A myth surrounding the origins of the North American P-51 Mustang is linked to the North American Aviation (NAA) purchase of test data on the P-40 and P-46. NAA paid $56,000 to Curtiss for technical aerodynamic data on the XP-46 and although there are certain design similarities in the radiator/oil-cooler configuration, the new NA-73X (the company designation for the future P-51) even in preliminary design had already progressed beyond the XP-46.[3] In addition, after the war, NAA engineers revealed that they had learned of a European study (before the US entry into World War II) which indicated the value of a well-designed embedded radiator, and were eager to apply that knowledge - the Meredith effect - to a new design.
Specifications (Curtiss XP-46A)
Data from Curtiss Aircraft 1907–1947[4]
General characteristics
- Crew: one
- Length: 30 ft 2 in (9.19 m)
- Wingspan: 34 ft 3¾ in (10.45 m)
- Height: 10 ft 1 in (3.07 m)
- Wing area: 208 ft² (19.32 m²)
- Empty weight: 5,625 lb (2,551 kg)
- Max. takeoff weight: 7,665 lb (3,477 kg)
- Powerplant: 1 × Allison V-1710-39 liquid-cooled V12 engine, 1,150 hp (858 kW)
Performance
- Maximum speed: 355 mph (309 knots, 571 km/h) at 12,200 ft (3,720 m)
- Range: 325 mi (283 nmi, 523 km)
- Climb to 12,300 ft (3,750 m): 5 min
Armament
- Guns:
- 2 × .50 in (12.7 mm) synchronized machine guns in the forward fuselage
- Provision for 8 × .30 in (7.62 mm) wing-mounted guns
See also
References
Notes
- ↑ Engel, Leonard. "Half of Everything: An American's Survey of Orders Placed in the United States." Flight, 5 December 1940, p. 472.
- ↑ Berliner 2011, p. 18.
- ↑ Baugher, Joe. "North American NA-73." USAAC/USAAF/USAF Fighter and Pursuit Aircraft: North American P-51 Mustang, 29 August 1999. Retrieved: 10 August 2010.
- ↑ Bowers 1979, p. 436.
Bibliography
- Berliner, Don. Surviving Fighter Aircraft of World War Two: Fighters. London: Pen & Sword Aviation, 2011. ISBN 978-1-8488-4265-6.
- Bowers, Peter M. Curtiss Aircraft, 1907-1947. London: Putnam & Company Ltd., 1979. ISBN 0-370-10029-8.
- Green, William. War Planes of the Second World War, Volume Four: Fighters. London: MacDonald & Co. (Publishers) Ltd., 1961 (Sixth impression 1969). ISBN 0-356-01448-7.
- Green, William and Gordon Swanborough. WW2 Aircraft Fact Files: US Army Air Force Fighters, Part 1. London: Macdonald and Jane's Publishers Ltd., 1977. ISBN 0-356-08218-0.
External links
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