Culberson County, Texas

Culberson County, Texas
Culberson County Courthouse in Van Horn
Location in the state of Texas
Texas's location in the U.S.
Founded	1912
Named for	David B. Culberson
Seat	Van Horn
Largest town	Van Horn
Area
• Total	3,813 sq mi (9,876 km2)
• Land	3,813 sq mi (9,876 km2)
• Water	0.2 sq mi (1 km2), 0.01%
Population
• (2010)	2,398
• Density	0.6/sq mi (0/km²)
Congressional district	23rd
Time zones	Central: UTC-6/-5 (Primary)
	Mountain: UTC-7/-6 (Northwestern portion)
Website	www.co.culberson.tx.us

Culberson County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2010 census, its population was 2,398.^[1] The county seat is Van Horn.^[2] Culberson County was founded in 1911 and organized the next year.^[3] It is named for David B. Culberson, a lawyer and Confederate soldier in the American Civil War.

Culberson County is in the Central Time Zone, however, northwestern Culberson County unofficially observes Mountain Time. It is one of the nine counties that comprise the Trans-Pecos region of West Texas.

History

Culberson County Sheriff's Office

Native Americans

Prehistoric Clovis culture peoples^[4] in Culberson County lived in the rock shelters and caves nestled near water supplies. These people left behind artifacts and pictographs as evidence of their presence.^[5] With its treacherous topography, the area remained untouched by white explorations for centuries.

Jumano Indians led the Antonio de Espejo^[6] 1582-1583 expedition near Toyah Lake on a better route to the farming and trade area of La Junta de los Ríos. Espejo's diary places the Jumano along the Pecos River and its tributaries.^[7]

Antonio de Espejo was also the first white person to see the Mescalero Apache just east of the Guadalupe Mountains. The Mescalero ^[8] frequented the area to irrigate their crops. In 1849 John Salmon "RIP" Ford^[9] explored the area between San Antonio and El Paso noting in his mapped report the productive land upon which the Mescalero Indians farmed. By the mid-17th Century the Mescaleros expanded their territory to the Plains Navajos and Pueblos from the Guadalupes, and El Paso del Norte. Their feared presence in the area deterred white settlers. January 1870, a group of soldiers attacked a Mescalero Apache village near Delaware Creek in the Guadalupe Mountains. July 1880 soldiers at Tinaja de las Palmas attacked a group of Mescaleros led by Chief Victorio.^[10] August 1880, Buffalo Soldiers ambushed Victorio at Rattlesnake Springs. Victorio retreated to Mexico and was killed in October by Mexican soldiers.^[11]

Explorations

The demand for new routes from Texas to California caused an uptick in explorations.^[12] The San Antonio to El Paso leg of the San Antonio-California Trail was surveyed in 1848 under the direction of John Coffee Hays.

Texas Commissioner Robert Simpson Neighbors ^[13] was sent by Governor Peter Hansborough Bell in 1850 to organize El Paso.

Lt. Francis Theodore Bryan^[14] camped at Guadalupe Pass while exploring a route from San Antonio to El Paso via Fredericksburg. Upon reaching El Paso in July 1849 his report recommended sink wells along the route. July 1848, Secretary of War William L. Marcy wanted a military post established on the north side of the Rio Grande. Maj. Jefferson Van Horne^[15] was sent out in 1849 to establish Marcy's goal.

John Russell Bartlett,^[16][17] was commissioned in 1850 to carry out the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. Bartlett declared the Guadalupe Mountains dark and gloomy, and proposed a transcontinental railroad be built south of the peaks. Three years later, Capt. John Pope^[18] was sent to scout out a railroad route, and in the succeeding year to search for artesian water supplies.

The San Antonio-San Diego Mail Line and the Butterfield Overland Mail^[19] both serviced the area 1857-1861. These mail coaches provided a means for travelers to reach California in 27 days, if the passenger had the $200 for a one-way fare and was courageous enough to withstand the weather and dangers en route.^[20]

Rival railway companies began competing for rights of way. The Texas and Pacific Railway^[21] and the Galveston, Harrisburg and San Antonio Railway^[22] eventually reached an agreement to share the tracks.

County established and growth

Van Horn City-County Library

Culberson County was established in 1911 from El Paso County and named after David B. Culberson.^[23][24] The county was organized in 1912. Van Horn^[25] became the county seat.

With the opening of the railways, ranchers began to settle in the county. Lobo was settled in part due to misreprentation by promoters. A class action lawsuit by the residents forced the promoters to build the Lobo Hotel. Unfortunately, the area was struck by two powerful earthquakes^[26] - one in 1929, and the 6.0 quake near Valentine that was felt as far away as Dallas. The hotel was destroyed.^[27]

Guadalupe Mountains National Park^[28][29] was established in 1972. President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the 1966 legislation to create the park. Stipulation was made that all mineral, oil and gas rights had to be ceded to the Federal government.

Geography

Culberson County Hospital and Van Horn Rural Clinic

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 3,813 square miles (9,880 km²), of which 3,813 square miles (9,880 km²) is land and 0.2 square miles (0.52 km²) (0.01%) is water.^[30] It is the fifth largest county by area in Texas. The largest part of Guadalupe Mountains National Park lies in the northwest corner of the county, including McKittrick Canyon and Guadalupe Peak, the highest natural point in Texas at 8,751 feet (2,667 m).

Major highways

U.S. Highway 90 south of Van Horn

• Interstate 10
• U.S. Highway 62/U.S. Highway 180
• U.S. Highway 90
• State Highway 54

Adjacent counties

• Eddy County, New Mexico (north)
• Reeves County (east)
• Jeff Davis County (south)
• Hudspeth County (west)
• Otero County, New Mexico (northwest)

National protected areas

• Guadalupe Mountains National Park
  • Guadalupe Peak
  • El Capitan
  • McKittrick Canyon

Demographics

As of the 2010 United States Census, there were 2,398 people residing in the county. 78.9% were White, 1.3% Native American, 1.0% Asian, 0.6% Black or African American, 15.4% of some other race and 2.8% of two or more races. 76.2% were Hispanic or Latino (of any race).

As of the census^[34] of 2000, there were 2,975 people, 1,052 households, and 797 families residing in the county. The population density was less than 1/km² (1/sq mi). There were 1,321 housing units at an average density of 0 per square mile (0/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 68.94% White, 0.71% Black or African American, 0.47% Native American, 0.57% Asian, 27.13% from other races, and 2.18% from two or more races. 72.24% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 1,052 households out of which 39.10% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.20% were married couples living together, 13.50% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.20% were non-families. 21.50% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.40% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.82 and the average family size was 3.30.

In the county, the population was spread out with 32.20% under the age of 18, 7.80% from 18 to 24, 25.80% from 25 to 44, 23.00% from 45 to 64, and 11.20% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females there were 102.70 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97.10 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $25,882, and the median income for a family was $28,547. Males had a median income of $22,500 versus $14,817 for females. The per capita income for the county was $11,493. About 21.50% of families and 25.10% of the population were below the poverty line, including 30.20% of those under age 18 and 19.40% of those age 65 or over.

Communities

• Kent
• Lobo
• Pine Springs
• Plateau
• Van Horn (county seat)

See also

• List of museums in West Texas
• National Register of Historic Places listings in Culberson County, Texas

References

External links

• Culberson County Government website
• Historic Photographs of Culberson County from the Clark Hotel Museum, hosted by the Portal to Texas History
• Culberson County in Handbook of Texas Online at the University of Texas
• Entry for David B. Culberson, for whom Culberson County was named, from the Biographical Encyclopedia of Texas published 1880, hosted by the Portal to Texas History.

	Otero County, New Mexico	Eddy County, New Mexico
	Hudspeth County		Reeves County
		Culberson County, Texas
		Jeff Davis County

Municipalities and communities of Culberson County, Texas, United States County seat: Van Horn Town Van Horn Unincorporated communities Boracho Kent Pine Springs Ghost town Lobo

Counties of Texas Anderson Andrews Angelina Aransas Archer Armstrong Atascosa Austin Bailey Bandera Bastrop Baylor Bee Bell Bexar Blanco Borden Bosque Bowie Brazoria Brazos Brewster Briscoe Brooks Brown Burleson Burnet Caldwell Calhoun Callahan Cameron Camp Carson Cass Castro Chambers Cherokee Childress Clay Cochran Coke Coleman Collin Collingsworth Colorado Comal Comanche Concho Cooke Coryell Cottle Crane Crockett Crosby Culberson Dallam Dallas Dawson Deaf Smith Delta Denton DeWitt Dickens Dimmit Donley Duval Eastland Ector Edwards Ellis El Paso Erath Falls Fannin Fayette Fisher Floyd Foard Fort Bend Franklin Freestone Frio Gaines Galveston Garza Gillespie Glasscock Goliad Gonzales Gray Grayson Gregg Grimes Guadalupe Hale Hall Hamilton Hansford Hardeman Hardin Harris Harrison Hartley Haskell Hays Hemphill Henderson Hidalgo Hill Hockley Hood Hopkins Houston Howard Hudspeth Hunt Hutchinson Irion Jack Jackson Jasper Jeff Davis Jefferson Jim Hogg Jim Wells Johnson Jones Karnes Kaufman Kendall Kenedy Kent Kerr Kimble King Kinney Kleberg Knox Lamar Lamb Lampasas La Salle Lavaca Lee Leon Liberty Limestone Lipscomb Live Oak Llano Loving Lubbock Lynn Madison Marion Martin Mason Matagorda Maverick McCulloch McLennan McMullen Medina Menard Midland Milam Mills Mitchell Montague Montgomery Moore Morris Motley Nacogdoches Navarro Newton Nolan Nueces Ochiltree Oldham Orange Palo Pinto Panola Parker Parmer Pecos Polk Potter Presidio Rains Randall Reagan Real Red River Reeves Refugio Roberts Robertson Rockwall Runnels Rusk Sabine San Augustine San Jacinto San Patricio San Saba Schleicher Scurry Shackelford Shelby Sherman Smith Somervell Starr Stephens Sterling Stonewall Sutton Swisher Tarrant Taylor Terrell Terry Throckmorton Titus Tom Green Travis Trinity Tyler Upshur Upton Uvalde Val Verde Van Zandt Victoria Walker Waller Ward Washington Webb Wharton Wheeler Wichita Wilbarger Willacy Williamson Wilson Winkler Wise Wood Yoakum Young Zapata Zavala

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Coordinates: 31°27′N 104°31′W / 31.45°N 104.52°W / 31.45; -104.52