Crowned lemur

Crowned lemur
CITES Appendix I (CITES)[2]
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Suborder: Strepsirrhini
Family: Lemuridae
Genus: Eulemur
Species: E. coronatus
Binomial name
Eulemur coronatus
(Gray, 1842)[3]
Distribution of E. coronatus[1]
Synonyms
  • Lemur coronatus Gray, 1842
  • Lemur chrysampyx Scheuermans, 1846

The crowned lemur (Eulemur coronatus) is a lemur that is 31–36 cm (12–14 in)[4] long and weighs 2 kg (4.4 lb). Its tail is about 42–51 cm (17–20 in) long. The crowned lemur is endemic to the dry deciduous forests of the northern tip of Madagascar.[5][6] It eats a diet of mostly flowers, fruits, and leaves. The population is estimated to 1000–10,000 individuals as of 2004, most of which live within the Ankarana Plateau[7][8] although there is also a population on the Montagne d'Ambre. This species has a distinctive brown-orange crown on the top of the head. Females have a gray body with an orange crown, and males are a darker reddish brown, crowned with black and orange.[9] Crowned lemurs have a life span of approximately 20 years and reach sexual maturity after 20 months. They give birth usually in late September or early October, after a gestation period of 125 days.

The crowned lemur is in the order of Primates as it possesses characteristics such as pseudo-opposable thumbs, binocular vision and is highly intelligent. E. coronatus shares with others of the family Lemuridae long and slender limbs, a slightly longer nose, a smaller brain and a 'grooming comb' formed by the incisors and canine teeth.

The crowned lemur possesses a long non-prehensile tail used for balance when jumping from branch to branch and for communication within the closely knit, female-led social group.[5]

This member of the Eulemur genus is primarily diurnal but has periods of feeding activity at night too.[5]

Geographic Range

Eulemur coronatus is thought to live exclusively in the northern region of Madagascar, ranging from the northernmost tip of the island, on the Cap d'Ambre Peninsula, extending south to the east bank of the Mahavavy River. Its range extends east, to the north of Sambava along the banks of the Manambato River.[10]

Crowned Lemur (Zooparc Overloon, the Netherlands)

Habitat

E. coronatus can be found anywhere in the tropical dry forests of the Ankarana Reserve to the mid-altitude rainforests of Montagne d'Ambre. They can be found at altitudes between sea level and 1,400 m. Crowned lemurs live in sympatry with the Eulemur sanfordi (Sanford Brown Lemur), sharing the same habitat. Sanford brown lemurs are distinguishable by color as they are more gray and brown with no v-shaped crown on their forehead. The male Sanford lemur also have characteristic white ruffs around their ears and cheeks that are absent from the crowned lemurs.[10]

The crowned lemurs of Ankarana Reserve are the only lemurs in this region known to traverse the razor-sharp tsingy (the eroded limestone rock that is characteristic of this national park) as they head into the forest early in the morning and as they leave the forest just before sunset to settle in the safer canyon forest in the center of these rock fields for the night.

References

  1. 1 2 Andriaholinirina, N.; et al. (2014). "Eulemur coronatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.1. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 2014-06-16.
  2. ↑ "Checklist of CITES Species". CITES. UNEP-WCMC. Retrieved 18 March 2015.
  3. ↑ Groves, C.P. (2005). Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M., eds. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 115. OCLC 62265494. ISBN 0-801-88221-4.
  4. ↑ Tattersall, I. (1982). The Primates of Madagascar. Columbia University Press. pp. 64–66. ISBN 0-231-04704-5.
  5. 1 2 3 Wilson, J.M.; et al. (1989). "Ecology and Conservation of the Crowned Lemur at Ankarana, N. Madagascar". Folia Primatologica 52: 1–26. doi:10.1159/000156379.
  6. ↑ Fowler, S.V.; et al. (1989). "A survey and management proposals for a tropical deciduous forest reserve at Ankarana in northern Madagascar". Biological Conservation 47: 297–313. doi:10.1016/0006-3207(89)90072-4.
  7. ↑ Wilson, Jane (1995). Lemurs of the Lost World: exploring the forests and Crocodile Caves of Madagascar (2 ed.). Impact, London. ASIN B00DXKZX7O. ISBN 978-1-874687-48-1.
  8. ↑ http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/life/Crowned_Lemur#p00dtq1q,
  9. ↑ DLC: Animals: Crowned Lemur
  10. 1 2 Mittemeier, Russel (2010). Lemurs of Madagascar. Conservation International. ISBN 978-1-934151-23-5.

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