Decay-accelerating factor

CD55 molecule, decay accelerating factor for complement (Cromer blood group)

PDB rendering based on 1h03.

Available structures

Ortholog search: PDBe, RCSB

List of PDB id codes
1H03, 1H04, 1H2P, 1H2Q, 1M11, 1NWV, 1OJV, 1OJW, 1OJY, 1OK1, 1OK2, 1OK3, 1OK9, 1UOT, 1UPN, 2C8I, 2QZD, 2QZF, 2QZH, 3IYP, 3J24

Identifiers

Symbols

CD55 ; CR; CROM; DAF; TC

External IDs

OMIM: 125240 MGI: 104850 HomoloGene: 479 GeneCards: CD55 Gene

Gene ontology
Molecular function	• virus receptor activity • protein binding • lipid binding
Cellular component	• extracellular region • cytosol • plasma membrane • integral component of plasma membrane • cell surface • anchored component of membrane • membrane raft • extracellular exosome
Biological process	• complement activation, classical pathway • positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration • regulation of complement activation • regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway • CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell cytokine production • innate immune response • respiratory burst • negative regulation of complement activation • viral entry into host cell • positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell activation • positive regulation of CD4-positive, alpha-beta T cell proliferation
Sources: Amigo / QuickGO

RNA expression pattern

More reference expression data

Orthologs

Species

Human

Mouse

RefSeq (mRNA)

RefSeq (protein)

Location (UCSC)

Chr 1:
207.32 – 207.36 Mb

Chr 1:
130.44 – 130.46 Mb

PubMed search

Complement decay-accelerating factor, also known as CD55 or DAF, is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the CD55 gene.^[1]

Decay accelerating factor is a 70 kDa membrane protein that regulates the complement system on the cell surface. DAF recognizes C4b and C3b fragments that are created during C4 (classical complement pathway and lectin pathway) and C3 (alternate complement pathway) activation. Interaction of DAF with cell-associated C4b of the classical and lectin pathways interferes with the conversion of C2 to C2a, thereby preventing formation of the C4b2a C3 convertase, and interaction of DAF with C3b of the alternative pathway interferes with the conversion of factor B to Bb by factor D, thereby preventing formation of the C3bBb C3 convertase of the alternative pathway. Thus, by limiting the amplification convertases of the complement cascade, DAF indirectly blocks the formation of the membrane attack complex.^[2]

This glycoprotein is broadly distributed among hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells. It is a determinant for the Cromer blood group system.

Pathology

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

Because DAF is a GPI-anchored protein, its expression is reduced in persons with mutations that reduce GPI levels such as those with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria; in that disorder, red blood cells with very low levels of DAF and CD59 undergo complement-mediated hemolysis.^[3]

Infectious diseases

DAF is used as a receptor by some coxsackieviruses and other enteroviruses.^[4] Recombinant soluble DAF-Fc has been tested in mice as an anti-enterovirus therapy for heart damage;^[5] however, the human enterovirus that was tested binds much more strongly to human DAF than to mouse or rat DAF. Echoviruses and coxsackie B viruses that use human decay-accelerating factor (DAF) as a receptor do not bind the rodent analogues of DAF.^[6] and DAF-Fc has yet to be tested in humans.

References

↑ Medof ME, Lublin DM, Holers VM, Ayers DJ, Getty RR, Leykam JF, Atkinson JP, Tykocinski ML (April 1987). "Cloning and characterization of cDNAs encoding the complete sequence of decay-accelerating factor of human complement". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 84 (7): 2007–11. doi:10.1073/pnas.84.7.2007. PMC 304572. PMID 2436222.
↑ http://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=CD55#function. Missing or empty |title= (help)
↑ Parker C, Omine M, Richards S, et al. (2005). "Diagnosis and management of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria". Blood 106 (12): 3699–709. doi:10.1182/blood-2005-04-1717. PMC 1895106. PMID 16051736.
↑ Karnauchow TM, Tolson DL, Harrison BA, Altman E, Lublin DM, Dimock K (August 1996). "The HeLa cell receptor for enterovirus 70 is decay-accelerating factor (CD55)". J. Virol. 70 (8): 5143–52. PMC 190469. PMID 8764022.
↑ Yanagawa B, Spiller OB, Choy J, Luo H, Cheung P, Zhang HM, Goodfellow IG, Evans DJ, Suarez A, Yang D, McManus BM (January 2003). "Coxsackievirus B3-associated myocardial pathology and viral load reduced by recombinant soluble human decay-accelerating factor in mice". Lab. Invest. 83 (1): 75–85. doi:10.1097/01.lab.0000049349.56211.09. PMID 12533688.
↑ Spiller OB, Goodfellow IG, Evans DJ, Almond JW, Morgan BP (January 2000). "Echoviruses and coxsackie B viruses that use human decay-accelerating factor (DAF) as a receptor do not bind the rodent analogues of DAF". J. Infect. Dis. 181 (1): 340–3. doi:10.1086/315210. PMID 10608785.

External links

Decay-Accelerating Factor at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
Cromer blood group system at BGMUT Blood Group Antigen Gene Mutation Database at NCBI, NIH

PDB gallery

1h03: HUMAN CD55 DOMAINS 3 & 4

1h04: HUMAN CD55 DOMAINS 3 & 4

1h2p: HUMAN CD55 DOMAINS 3 & 4

1h2q: HUMAN CD55 DOMAINS 3 & 4

1nwv: SOLUTION STRUCTURE OF A FUNCTIONALLY ACTIVE COMPONENT OF DECAY ACCELERATING FACTOR

1ojv: DECAY ACCELERATING FACTOR (CD55): THE STRUCTURE OF AN INTACT HUMAN COMPLEMENT REGULATOR.

1ojw: DECAY ACCELERATING FACTOR (CD55): THE STRUCTURE OF AN INTACT HUMAN COMPLEMENT REGULATOR.

1ojy: DECAY ACCELERATING FACTOR (CD55): THE STRUCTURE OF AN INTACT HUMAN COMPLEMENT REGULATOR.

1ok1: DECAY ACCELERATING FACTOR (CD55): THE STRUCTURE OF AN INTACT HUMAN COMPLEMENT REGULATOR.

1ok2: DECAY ACCELERATING FACTOR (CD55): THE STRUCTURE OF AN INTACT HUMAN COMPLEMENT REGULATOR.

1ok3: DECAY ACCELERATING FACTOR (CD55): THE STRUCTURE OF AN INTACT HUMAN COMPLEMENT REGULATOR.

1ok9: DECAY ACCELERATING FACTOR (CD55): THE STRUCTURE OF AN INTACT HUMAN COMPLEMENT REGULATOR.

1uot: HUMAN CD55 DOMAINS 3 & 4

1upn: COMPLEX OF ECHOVIRUS TYPE 12 WITH DOMAINS 3 AND 4 OF ITS RECEPTOR DECAY ACCELERATING FACTOR (CD55) BY CRYO ELECTRON MICROSCOPY AT 16 A

Proteins: complement system (C, L, A)

Activators/enzymes

Early	C: C1Q/C1R/C1S C4 C4a C4b C2 L: MASP1/MASP2 MBL A: Factor B Factor D Factor P/Properdin

Middle	C3 C3a C3b/iC3b C5 C5a C3-convertase C5-convertase

Late	MAC C6 C7 C8 C9

Inhibitors

CL: C4BP

A: Factor H

Complement receptors

Proteins: clusters of differentiation (see also list of human clusters of differentiation)

1-50	CD1 a-c 1A 1D 1E CD2 CD3 γ δ ε CD4 CD5 CD6 CD7 CD8 a CD9 CD10 CD11 a b c d CD13 CD14 CD15 CD16 A B CD18 CD19 CD20 CD21 CD22 CD23 CD24 CD25 CD26 CD27 CD28 CD29 CD30 CD31 CD32 A B CD33 CD34 CD35 CD36 CD37 CD38 CD39 CD40 CD41 CD42 a b c d CD43 CD44 CD45 CD46 CD47 CD48 CD49 a b c d e f CD50

51-100	CD51 CD52 CD53 CD54 CD55 CD56 CD57 CD58 CD59 CD61 CD62 E L P CD63 CD64 A B C CD66 a b c d e f CD68 CD69 CD70 CD71 CD72 CD73 CD74 CD78 CD79 a b CD80 CD81 CD82 CD83 CD84 CD85 a d e h j k CD86 CD87 CD88 CD89 CD90 CD91 - CD92 CD93 CD94 CD95 CD96 CD97 CD98 CD99 CD100

101-150	CD101 CD102 CD103 CD104 CD105 CD106 CD107 a b CD108 CD109 CD110 CD111 CD112 CD113 CD114 CD115 CD116 CD117 CD118 CD119 CD120 a b CD121 a b CD122 CD123 CD124 CD125 CD126 CD127 CD129 CD130 CD131 CD132 CD133 CD134 CD135 CD136 CD137 CD138 CD140b CD141 CD142 CD143 CD144 CD146 CD147 CD148 CD150

151-200	CD151 CD152 CD153 CD154 CD155 CD156 a b c CD157 CD158 (a d e i k) CD159 a c CD160 CD161 CD162 CD163 CD164 CD166 CD167 a b CD168 CD169 CD170 CD171 CD172 a b g CD174 CD177 CD178 CD179 a b CD180 CD181 CD182 CD183 CD184 CD185 CD186 CD191 CD192 CD193 CD194 CD195 CD196 CD197 CDw198 CDw199 CD200

201-250	CD201 CD202b CD204 CD205 CD206 CD207 CD208 CD209 CDw210 a b CD212 CD213a 1 2 CD217 CD218 (a b) CD220 CD221 CD222 CD223 CD224 CD225 CD226 CD227 CD228 CD229 CD230 CD233 CD234 CD235 a b CD236 CD238 CD239 CD240CE CD240D CD241 CD243 CD244 CD246 CD247 - CD248 CD249

251-300	CD252 CD253 CD254 CD256 CD257 CD258 CD261 CD262 CD263 CD264 CD265 CD266 CD267 CD268 CD269 CD271 CD272 CD273 CD274 CD275 CD276 CD278 CD279 CD280 CD281 CD282 CD283 CD284 CD286 CD288 CD289 CD290 CD292 CDw293 CD294 CD295 CD297 CD298 CD299

301-350	CD300A CD301 CD302 CD303 CD304 CD305 CD306 CD307 CD309 CD312 CD314 CD315 CD316 CD317 CD318 CD320 CD321 CD322 CD324 CD325 CD326 CD328 CD329 CD331 CD332 CD333 CD334 CD335 CD336 CD337 CD338 CD339 CD340 CD344 CD349 CD350

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