Transparency International

Transparency International

The Global Coalition Against Corruption
Abbreviation TI
Formation 1993 (1993)
Type INGO
Purpose Anti-Corruption
Headquarters Berlin, Germany
Location
  • Alt-Moabit 96
    10559 Berlin, Germany
Coordinates 52°31′26″N 13°20′42″E / 52.5238°N 13.3450°E / 52.5238; 13.3450Coordinates: 52°31′26″N 13°20′42″E / 52.5238°N 13.3450°E / 52.5238; 13.3450
Region served
 Global
Chair
 Huguette Labelle
Managing Director
 Cobus de Swardt
Key people
 Peter Eigen
Website www.transparency.org

Transparency International (TI) is a non-governmental organization that monitors and publicizes corporate and political corruption in international development. Originally founded in Germany in May 1993 as a not-for-profit organization, Transparency International is now an international non-governmental organization. It publishes an annual Global Corruption Barometer, Corruption Perceptions Index, and Government Defence Anti-Corruption Index (a global listing of corruption in the world's defence sectors). The headquarters are located in Berlin, Germany.[1] According to the 2014 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report (Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program, University of Pennsylvania), TI is number 5 (of 100) in the "Top Think Tanks Worldwide (non-U.S.)" and number 13 (of 150) in the "Top Think Tanks Worldwide (U.S. and non-U.S.)".[2]

The organization defines corruption as the abuse of entrusted power for private gain which eventually hurts everyone who depends on the integrity of people in a position of authority.[3]

Transparency International consists of chapters – locally established, independent organisations – that address corruption in their respective countries. From small bribes to large-scale looting, corruption differs from country to country. As chapters are staffed with local experts they are ideally placed to determine the priorities and approaches best suited to tackling corruption in their countries. This work ranges from visiting rural communities to provide free legal support to advising their government on policy reform. Corruption does not stop at national borders. The chapters play a crucial role in shaping its collective work and realising its regional and global goals, such as Strategy 2015. Transparency International’s multi-country research and advocacy initiatives are driven by the chapters.

In 2013 Transparency International published the Government Defence Anti-corruption Index with which corruption in the defence sector of 82 countries was measured.[4] Some governments expressed criticism towards the methodology of the report. Mark Pyman defended the report in an interview and stressed the importance of transparency in the military sector. The plan is to publish the index every two years.[5]

History

Transparency International's headquarters in Berlin (5th floor)

Transparency International was founded in May 1993. According to political scientist Ellen Gutterman, "TI’s presence in Germany, and indeed its organizational development and rise from a small operation to a prominent international TNGO, benefited from the activities and personal, elite connections of at least three key German individuals: Peter Eigen, Hansjoerg Elshorst, and Michael Wiehen".[6]

Peter Eigen, a former regional director for the World Bank, is recognized as the founder.[6] Michael Wiehen was a World Bank official at Washington, D.C..[7] Hansjörg Elshorst was managing director of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) (German Agency for Technical Cooperation). Other founding board members included John Githongo (former Permanent Secretary for Ethics and Governance in the office of the President, Kenya),[8] General Electric lawyer Fritz Heimann,[9] Michael J. Hershman of the U.S. military intelligence establishment (now President and CEO of the Fairfax Group),[10] Kamal Hossain (Bangladesh’s former Minister of Foreign Affairs),[8] Dolores L. Español (the Philippines’ former presiding Judge of Regional Trial Court),[8] George Moody Stuart (sugar industrialist),[11] Gerald Parfitt (Coopers & Lybrand, then PricewaterhouseCoopers in Ukraine),[12] Jeremy Pope (New Zealand activist and writer), and Frank Vogl, a senior official at the World Bank and head of Vogl Communications, Inc., which has "provided advice to leaders of international finance".[13][14][15][16][17]

In 1995, Transparency International developed the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI). The CPI ranked nations on the prevalence of corruption within each country, based upon surveys of business people. The CPI was subsequently published annually. It was criticized for poor methodology and unfair treatment of developing nations, while also being praised for highlighting corruption and embarrassing governments.[18]

In 1999, Transparency International began publishing the Bribe Payers Index (BPI) which ranked nations according to the prevalence that a country's multinational corporations would offer bribes.[18]

Organization

Transparency International consists of over 100 locally established, independent national chapters as well as an EU liaison office in Brussels, Belgium and an international secretariat in Berlin, Germany. Each chapter tackles corruption in their respective country, constructing methods relevant to their national context in order to bring about change. The secretariat provides support and cooperation among chapters, as well as collaborating with these chapters in order to approach corruption on a global and regional scale.[1] Currently there are TI National Chapters in the following countries: Albania, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Denmark, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Greenland, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kosovo, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lebanon, Liberia, Lithuania, Luxemburg, Macedonia (FYR), Madagascar, Malawi, Malaysia, Maldives, Mauritus, Mexico, Moldova, Mongolia, Montenegro, Morocco, Mozambique, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Pakistan, Palestine, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Congo, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Senegal, Serbia, Sierra Leone, Russia, South Korea, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States, Vanuatu, Venezuela, Vietnam, Yemen, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Yemen.

According to its 2012 Annual Report, it is funded by western governments (with almost €5 million from the UK government) and several multinational companies, including oil companies Exxon Mobil and Shell, hedge funds KKR and Wermuth Asset Management, Deloitte and Ernst & Young.[19]

Role

Transparency International states:

Transparency International is the global civil society organization leading the fight against corruption. It brings people together in a powerful worldwide coalition to end the devastating impact of corruption on men, women and children around the world. TI's mission is to create change towards a world free of corruption.

Since 1995, Transparency International has issued an annual Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI); it also publishes a Global Corruption Report, a Global Corruption Barometer and a Bribe Payers Index.

Transparency International does not undertake investigations on single cases of corruption or expose individual cases. It develops tools for fighting corruption and works with other civil society organizations, companies and governments to implement them.

Corruption Perceptions Index

Competitiveness and corruption presented at the workshop Corruption – how and why to avoid it in Prague, November 1998

The Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) ranks countries and territories based on how corrupt their public sector is perceived to be. It is a composite index – a combination of polls – drawing on corruption-related data collected by a variety of reputable institutions. The CPI reflects the views of observers from around the world.[20]

The Corruption Perceptions Index has received criticisms over the years. The main one stems from the difficulty in measuring corruption, which by definition happens behind the scenes. The Corruption Perceptions Index therefore needs to rely on third-party survey which have been criticized as potentially unreliable. Data can vary widely depending on the public perception of a country, the completeness of the surveys and the methodology used. The second issue is that data cannot be compared from year to year because Transparency International uses different methodologies and samples every year. This makes it difficult to evaluate the result of new policies.[21] The Corruption Perceptions Index authors replied to these criticisms by reminding that the Corruption Perceptions Index is meant to measure perception and not "reality". They argue that "perceptions matter in their own right, since... firms and individuals take actions based on perceptions".[22]

Criticism of Transparency International

Supporting the Death Penalty

It was reported by multiple sources in 2013 that Transparency International's Bangladesh chapter supports the death penalty and has been doing so since 2009.[23][24][25] The Executive Director of the Bangladesh Chapter of Transparency International who was specifically linked to supporting the death penalty (Mr. Ifthikhar Zaman) was then and is now on the main board of directors of Transparency International Berlin [24][26]

The fact that the death penalty was supported and endorsed by a TI Berlin Board member led to criticism after which TI Bangladesh issued a clarification [27] to state: "TIB does not support capital punishment, nor did it applaud it as such. It commended that an opening has been created for the first time in four decades for justice to take place. That the verdict turned out to be the highest penalty permissible by the law of the land was a coincidence." Oddly TI Bangladesh never denied the statement of Mr. Ithikhar Zaman of January 22, 2013 or statement of 6th Feb 2013 that created this situation "TIB feels that the verdict given against Abdul Quader Mollah (Life imprisonment) does not reflect the expectations of the people. This verdict is not compatible with the spirit of the liberation war and does not show proper respect to the martyrs, but rather it is disgraceful. We are frustrated, ashamed and disheartened. This verdict is not compatible with the earlier verdict given to Bacchu Razakar (aka Abdul Kalam Azad and given the death penalty), when comparing the significance of their crimes. Thus the verdict has created frustration, anger and lack of trust among the people, and will further embolden the opponents of the International Crimes Tribunal...Taking in consideration the reaction of the people against the verdict of Abdul Quader Mollah, and also utilizing legal expertise if necessary, the weakness of the law should be amended. Thus TIB is calling for justice to be conducted with the highest level of firmness and professionalism, for the crimes against humanity.(i.e. the death penalty)" Parenthesis added

Conflicts of Interest, Nepotism, Lack of Transparency

Starting in October 2013 a former Transparency International Young Journalist Fellow Wajahat Saeed Khan highlighted multiple conflict of interest issues in Transparency International's Pakistan Chapter.[28][29] Citing insiders including a former Board member of TI Pakistan (Dr. Ayesha Siddiqa) he highlighted the level of corruption in Transparency international's Pakistan Chapter and followed up with a series of articles demonstrating issues at Transparency International's Pakistan Chapter.[30][31][32] Transparency International Berlin refused to do an independent inquiry into the matter leading to Mr. Khan's open article appealing to Transparency International specifically to Cobus De Swardt as Managing Director to be transparent and stop its Negligence and hypocrisy in the matter.[33]

Other Journalists have similarly highlighted irregularities in Transparency International Pakistan from Nepotism[34] to blackmail.[35] The New York Times local partner in Pakistan, the Express Tribune also had published articles alleging corruption [36] and the institution being available for hire [37]

The not for profit The Bureau of Investigative Reporting where Mr. Khan is an Editor published a 42-page report highlighting issues in TI Pakistan.[38] Illustrations of nepotism and corruption where the former Chairman of the organization had his son appointed to head up a joint TI_Pakistan USAID program were also published by the Foreign Policy Journal.[39]

The current Chairman of TI Pakistan's (Mr. Sohal Muzzafar) emails along with those of Haugette Labelle of TI Berlin with refusal to take any action on any highlighted issues is available on Bureau of Investigative Reporting website under the section "Talking to the Walls" [40] and also mentioned in the full report.[38] TI Berlin has also not investigated previously highlighted conflicts in the Cook Islands [41] or made public the details of his dis-credited chapter in Nigeria[42]

Competition with OECD's anti-bribery activities in the 1990s

1. OECD convention - the "active" corruption of the EC becomes the target

A major point of criticism in the early stages of TI's approach was its conservative policy for combating corruption at its European origins. As the OECD, at the behest of the United States in 1989, began putting the issue of "international corruption" on its agenda, a corresponding "Working Group" was created to construct for its member states a "Recommendation on Combating Bribery in International Business Transactions" along with the creation of the European single market (Maastricht Treaty 1993).[43][44] Even then, it was the OECD's idea, to fight corruption against the resistance of those involved at its source. In other words, future corruption against other states would be treated legally equally with domestic corruption in the donors' countries. This would have meant a significant limitation in the entrepreneurial freedom of European corporations and needed an adequate response.

While the OECD Convention called upon member countries to combat the well-known huge bribe sources in the highly developed exporting countries,[44] "Transparency International", newly established by a former World Bank director (Peter Eigen), and the German development aid policy (GTZ) each advocated for the exact opposite approach. Despite existing knowledge gained from their development aid to East Africa, TI recommended that corruption be evaluated and combated only in the acceptors' countries, but not at its sources in Europe.

2. Shadow economy - a swelling source of bribe money

Shadow economy in (West-) Germany 1975-2015. Shadow economy data from Friedrich Schneider, University Linz.[45][46]

Interestingly, in the same legislative period (1991-1994) when "Transparency International" was established, the Bonn Parliament discussed the highly controversial issue of whether, according to German law, corruption against foreign officials shall be ranked as a criminal offense or whether such corruption should be treated solely as a tax-deductible operating expenditure of an enterprise.[47][48][49] Taking in consideration the enhanced German-French race during the 1980s for new markets in the EEC "Southern Enlargement", the then Kohl administration decided against the OECD recommendations and opted instead for the co-financing of foreign corruption through tax abatement[48] (§ 4 chapter 5 no. 10 Income Tax Act, valid until 19 March 1999). At about the same time, German private industry, unmolested by the largely paralysed financial authorities, began to systematically increase their black money quotas.[46] Consequently, TI proposed the controversial Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI ) created by Johann Graf Lambsdorff in 1995, as a possible rating scale for corruption. However, the CPI is limited in its scope, focusing solely on bribe acceptors, and therefore does not include identifying or holding accountable the huge shadow economies in Europe that are the sources of the bribes. As a result, after linear increase during the two decades before the introduction of the EURO, German corruption today has come to rely on an annual underground economy of €350 billion Euros. (see diagram on the right)

3. The CPI - a tendentious tool of the "actives"?

A controversy triggered between critics and supporters of the frequently cited CPI was the focus of numerous critical essays. For example, Yuliya V. Tverdova demonstrated (2012) in a comparative study ("Perceptions or Experiences: Using Alternative Corruption Measures in a multi-level Study of Political Support", University of California, Irvine) misinterpretations of the CPI, also by TI experts, to "numerous concerns ranging ... to systematic biases in the expert estimates", and characterized the CPI as prejudiced and "poll of polls that draws on multiple sources of elite and mass opinions."[50]

Later though, TI aligned with OECD in 1999 by publishing for the first time the likewise controversial "Bribe Payers Index" (BPI). However, it took years before the OECD Convention was signed and ratified by the various parliaments and ultimately transposed into practice in all states. Therefore, those practices have been pursued by law only after 2003 in the exporting countries. Only from this period does TI speak openly of a "network of corruption"[51] and specifically highlight its masterminds in the bribe donor countries. By the way, the first and only Olympiade (2000-2004) on the EU internal market occurred in 2004, and from this date, it's possible to envision the German shadow economy gradually reducing its skyrocketing black money quotas.[46]

Accepting funding from Siemens

It was reported in January 2015 that Transparency International accepted a $3 million donation from Munich-based engineering multinational from Siemens leading to allegations of misconduct. The money was from a fund that Siemens established after settling a corruption case with the World Bank in 2009. Transparency International accepted the money from Siemens even though TI's due diligence procedures prohibit taking money from corporations seeking to greenwash their reputations. Siemens gave the money to TI one year after the head of TI's EU office in Brussels (Jana Mittermaier) went to work for Siemens, in the same division that decides which organizations should receive money from the fund.[52][53] TI has refused to release its due diligence report on Siemens despite the company's various corruption related issues including the mones which led to the set up of the Fund with the World Bank.[54]

Accepting funding from ENI

It was announced in Dec 2013 that ENI and Transparency International were to do a joint project to study corruption in the private sector with ENI providing USD 343,000 over 2 years.[54] The resulting report [55] gives ENI the status of the most transparent of the worlds largest companies (page 4 of 40). However previously a report in 2012 by Transparency International ranks ENI's transparency as one of the lowest in its peer group with 1.3% and below several of those companies it is ranked above in the report of 2014.[56] Additionally a 2013 report by Transparency International reported that ENI was under investigation for allegedly paying bribes to public officials in Kazakhstan and four Eni executives were under investigation for suspected bribes in Algeria (page 53 of the report).[57] The apparent reversal in ENI's status with Transparency International post receiving funding and non disclosure of TI's original due diligence report on ENI raised criticism.[54]

Refusal to support Edward Snowden

It was reported in January 2014 that Transparency International passed over a proposed resolution to call for "a comprehensive protection on whistleblowers from all forms of retaliation",[58] and specifically to support mass-surveillance whistleblower Edward Snowden. The proposed resolution said, "He should be recognized as a whistleblower for his help to reveal the over-reaching and unlawful surveillance by secret services. He should be able to freely choose where he wants to live. Edward J. Snowden is not alone in his actions. He symbolizes the courage of numerous other whistleblowers around the world." Instead, TI passed a resolution that supports whistleblowers but does not mention Snowden's name allegedly due to the influence of TI USA on TI Berlin.[58][59] It has been additionally reported that in June 2013 when Edward Snowden reached Moscow he asked to meet representatives from Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch and Transparency International. The representatives of the other two organizations met him while Transparency International did not [60]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Transparency International e.V. "Our Organisation – overview". transparency.org.
  2. ↑ James G. McGann (Director) (February 4, 2015). "2014 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report". Retrieved February 14, 2015. Other "Top Think Tank" rankings include #7 (of 80) in Top Think Tanks in Western Europe, #13 (of 85) in Foreign Policy and International Affairs Think Tanks, #1 (of 40) in Transparency and Good Governance Think Tanks, #2 (of 75) for Best Advocacy Campaign, #42 (of 65) for Best Managed Think Tanks, #10 (of 60) for Best Use of Social Networks, #8 (of 60) of Think Tanks with the Best External Relations/Public Engagement Program, #4 (of 40) for Best Use of the Internet, #9 (of 40) for Best Use of Media, and #10 (of 70) for the Most Significant Impact on Public Policy, #8 (of 60) of Think Tanks with Outstanding Policy-Oriented Public Programs.
  3. ↑ Transparency International e.V. "Transparency International – What we do". transparency.org.
  4. ↑ "Government Defence Anti-corruption Index". Transparency International. 2013.
  5. ↑ Mark Pyman (March 2013). "Transparency is feasible". dandc.eu.
  6. 1 2 Ellen Gutterman (June 2012). "The Legitimacy of Transnational NGOs: Lessons from the Experience of Transparency International in Germany and France (PDF)" (PDF). Paper submitted to the 84th annual conference of the Canadian Political Science Association.
  7. ↑ "Michael Wiehen - Partnership for Transparency Fund".
  8. 1 2 3 "Advisory Council". Transparency.org.
  9. ↑ Biography of Fritz F. Heimann - Center for Ethics & World Societies - Colgate University
  10. ↑ "Senior Division Leaders: Michael J. Hershman". Fairfax Group.
  11. ↑ "George Moody Stuart obituary". The Times. November 24, 2004.
  12. ↑ "Group DF".
  13. ↑ https://frankvogl.wordpress.com/about/
  14. ↑ Biography of Frank Vogl - Huffington Post
  15. ↑ Transparency International（TI）, International Association of Anti-Corruption Authorities
  16. ↑ Hicks, Bill (2010). "Transparency International". Pinkindustry.com.
  17. ↑ Larmour, Peter (September 2006). Bowden, Brett, ed. Global standards of market civilization. Routledge. pp. 95–106. ISBN 0-415-37545-2.
  18. 1 2 Chaikin, David (June 2009). Corruption and money laundering: a symbiotic relationship. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 12–13. ISBN 0-230-61360-8.
  19. ↑ https://www.transparency.org/whatwedo/publication/annual_report_2012
  20. ↑ Transparency International e.V. "2012 Corruption Perceptions Index – In detail". transparency.org.
  21. ↑ "A Users' Guide to Measuring Corruption". Global Integrity & UNDP.
  22. ↑ Uslaner, Eric M. (2008). Corruption, inequality, and the rule of law: the bulging pocket makes the easy life. Cambridge University Press. pp. 11–17. ISBN 0-521-87489-0.
  23. ↑ http://www.bangladeshchronicle.net/index.php/2013/03/the-killer-instinct-of-transparency-international-bangladesh/
  24. 1 2 http://www.khichuri.org/how-transparent-is-transparency-international-bangladesh/
  25. ↑ http://www.kaagoj.com/details?id=525
  26. ↑ https://www.transparency.org/whoweare/organisation/board_members/5/
  27. ↑ http://www.ti-bangladesh.org/beta3/index.php/en/research-policy/109-position-paper/views/475-tib-position-on-warcrime
  28. ↑ http://thebureaureports.com/whos-watching-the-watchdog/
  29. ↑ http://thebureaureports.com/whos-watching-the-watchdog-part-ii/
  30. ↑ http://www.pakistanpressfoundation.org/2014/08/beware-watchdog-transparency-international/
  31. ↑ http://www.pakistanpressfoundation.org/2014/08/beware-watchdog-transparency-international-ii/
  32. ↑ http://thebureaureports.com/vested-interests/
  33. ↑ http://thebureaureports.com/negligence-hypocrisy-of-transparency-international/
  34. ↑ http://nation.com.pk/politics/26-Mar-2010/Blueeyed-boys-being-elevated--in-PNSC
  35. ↑ http://www.pakistantoday.com.pk/2010/11/16/city/karachi/tip-chairmans-son-resigns-from-pnsc-board-membership/
  36. ↑ http://tribune.com.pk/story/103107/corruption-charges-transparency-international-chief-faces-yet-another-probe/
  37. ↑ http://tribune.com.pk/story/90748/nicl-scam-behind-the-scenes-deal-uncovered/
  38. 1 2 http://thebureaureports.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Watching-the-Watchdog-Pakistans-Corruption-Hydra-Irregularities-within-Transparency-International-42-pages.pdf
  39. ↑ http://foreignpolicyblogs.com/2015/02/03/helping-the-bad-guys-in-pakistan/
  40. ↑ http://thebureaureports.com/talking-to-walls-correspondence-with-transparency-international/
  41. ↑ http://avaiki.blogspot.ro/2007/01/is-transparency-international-corrupt.html
  42. ↑ http://www.thescoopng.com/stop-using-our-name-and-logo-transparency-international-warns-transparency-in-nigeria/
  43. ↑ http://www.oecd.org/investment/anti-bribery/anti-briberyconvention/1952622.pdf
  44. 1 2 http://www.oecd.org/daf/anti-bribery/ConvCombatBribery_ENG.pdf
  45. ↑ see page 19 of power point presentation
  46. 1 2 3 "• Schattenwirtschaft - Umfang in Deutschland bis 2015 - Statistik". Statista.
  47. ↑ Abschaffung der steuerlichen Absetzbarkeit von Bestechungs- und Schmiergeldern, 3. Januar 1993, Drucksache 12/4104
  48. 1 2 Abschaffung der steuerlichen Absetzbarkeit von Bestechungs- und Schmiergeldern, 08.09.94 Drucksache 12/8468
  49. ↑ Maßnahmen gegen Korruption, 17. 02. 95, Drucksache 13/617
  50. ↑ Using Alternative Corruption Measures, ipsa.org
  51. ↑ Eigen (2003), Das Netz der Korruption, S. 35.
  52. ↑ "Siemens Donates $3 Million to Transparency International". Corporate Crime Reporter.
  53. ↑ "Transparency International Siemens Revolving Door Spins, Money Pipeline Flows". Corporate Crime Reporter.
  54. 1 2 3 http://www.corporatecrimereporter.com/news/200/transparency-international-dances-with-eni/
  55. ↑ https://www.eni.com/en_IT/attachments/media/press-release/2014/11/2014-transparency-corporate-reporting-en.pdf
  56. ↑ http://www.transparency.org/news/feature/us_ruling_on_oil_gas_and_mining_companies_will_make_them_more_accountable
  57. ↑ https://www.transparency.de/fileadmin/pdfs/Themen/Internationales/2013_ExportingCorruption_OECDProgressReport_EN.pdf
  58. 1 2 Russell Mokhiber (February 2014). "Transparency International Nixes Edward Snowden". The Huffington Post.
  59. ↑ Transparency International calls for greater whistleblower protection and oversight of government surveillance (press release 10 November 2013)
  60. ↑ http://www.huffingtonpost.com/russell-mokhiber/transparency-internationa_b_4687986.html

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Transparency International.
This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Wednesday, February 03, 2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.