Cornelius keg
A cornelius keg (also known as a Corney or soda keg) is a metal container (keg) originally used by the soft drink industry, and can be used to store and dispense homemade sodas and home brewed beer. Cornelius kegs were originally made by Cornelius, Inc.
In the keg, fully made soda is stored under pressure just like standard cans and bottles. The soda is referred to as "pre-mix" in the industry, as compared to Bag-In-Box (BIB) packages which are concentrated syrup. BIB soda is cheaper but requires a high quality water source and well calibrated dispenser. Pre-mix soda costs more and takes up more space but can be used anywhere, and the equipment is simpler and cheaper.
Specifications
Cornelius kegs come in many sizes:
| Size (US gal) | Size (litres) | Diameter (Inch) | Height (Inch) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2.378 | 9 | 8,25" | 15" |
| 3 | 11.355 | 8,5" | 17" |
| 5 | 18.925 | 8.5" | 24.75" |
| 10 | 37.85 | 12.25" | 24.75" |
A cornelius keg is a stainless steel cylinder which can hold a maximum of 130 PSI. There are three openings in the keg: a large central hole which, by its design, can only be opened when the keg is not pressurized, and two ports with valves which are only opened when a hose with an appropriate fitting is attached to them. The central opening is used for filling and cleaning the keg, while the two ports are used to dispense the drink. On the lid for the central opening, there is a metal handle that when depressed, closes and seals the keg. Also on the top is a pressure relief valve that is usually identified by a circular ring (like a key ring). This can be pulled to release the pressure in the keg. Two metal tubes are attached to the ports on the inside of the keg. The "gas in" port has a short tube, not reaching the fluid. The "liquid out" port has a long tube (a "dip tube") which reaches to the bottom of the keg. When pressurized gas (usually carbon dioxide and sometimes nitrogen) is forced into the "gas in" port, it pushes the drink from the bottom of the keg, out of the "liquid out" port, presumably to a tap.
The connectors which attach to the ports come in two varieties: pin lock and ball lock, and they are not interchangeable. Historically, pin lock kegs were used primarily by the Coca-Cola company, while ball lock kegs were used primarily by Pepsi. On a pin lock keg, there are metal posts (pins) extending horizontally from around the port. When the connector is attached, these pins hold it in place. The "gas in" port has two pins, while the "liquid out" has three, making it impossible to accidentally attach the hoses backwards (which would result in carbon dioxide bubbling up through the drink, but no drink being dispensed). Ball lock kegs have ridges in the ports, which are gripped by small metal balls in the connectors. Both types of kegs are fairly easy to find, though ball-lock seem to be more common. As a result of demand from home brewers, second hand kegs are becoming progressively more scarce and in recent years brand new kegs have come onto the market, manufactured in China to the same specifications.
Cornelius kegs are most commonly used by home brewers as an alternative to bottling their beer, as the kegs are easier to fill, clean and maintain than industry-standard beer kegs. In addition to this, most home brewers must bottle their beer by hand, which can be a tedious chore for large batches of beer. The most common size of Cornelius keg holds five US gallons, which is the size of a typical batch of home brewed beer. This means that rather than saving, cleaning, and filling approximately fifty bottles, the brewer only needs to fill one keg. Despite the simplified bottling procedure, kegged beer generally requires a kegerator, which can be difficult to set up and maintain, for dispensing. Furthermore, individual bottles have superior portability when compared to a cornelius keg.
Ball lock type quick disconnects seem to be the most popular way to connect both gas and liquid lines to the Cornelius keg for home brew dispensing. A typical beer line to control foaming has a 3/16th internal diameter giving it a resistance of 2 psi per foot. It is common to serve at pressures between 9 and 11 PSI.