Corneal perforation

Corneal perforation is an anomaly in the cornea resulting from damage to the corneal surface. A corneal perforation means that the cornea has been penetrated, thus leaving the cornea damaged.
The cornea is a clear part of the eye which controls and focuses the entry of light into the eye. Damage to the cornea due to corneal perforation can cause decreased visual acuity.

Causes

Diseases that cause progressive corneal thinning.
Accidents during eye surgery, that results in scraping or injury of the cornea.
Infection of the cornea post eye surgery.

Signs and symptoms

Difficulty in seeing.
Discoloration of the cornea.
Persistent eye pain.

Diagnosis

Corneal perforation can be diagnosed by using the Seidel test. Any aqueous leakage is revealed during the Seidel test confirms corneal perforation. A fluorescence strip is wiped over the wound. If the clear aqueous humor from the eye runs through the yellow stain, the patient tests positive for corneal perforation.

Treatment

The treatment of corneal perforation depends on the location, severity and the cause of damage

Tissue adhesive can be used to seal small perforation, but this method cannot be used to treat perforations larger than 1 mm.
Non infected corneal perforation generally heals when a pressure bandage is used.
For certain types of corneal perforations, lamellar keratoplasty is used as treatment.

References

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