Conservation International

Conservation International

Founded	1987
Founder	Spencer Beebe and Peter Seligmann
Focus	Climate change, freshwater security, health, food security, biodiversity, cultural services
Location	Arlington, Virginia, U.S.
Product	Global Conservation Fund
Key people	Peter A. Seligmann (Chairman & CEO) Rob Walton (Executive Committee Chairman) Gary Edson (President) Jennifer Morris (Chief Operating Officer)
Revenue	FY 2010: $77.8 million FY 2009: $116.1 million
Employees	900
Website	www.conservation.org

Conservation International (CI) is an American nonprofit environmental organization headquartered in Arlington, Virginia. Its goal is to protect nature as a source of food, fresh water, livelihoods and a stable climate.^[1]

CI’s work focuses on science, policy, and partnership with businesses and communities. The organization employs more than 1,000 people and works with 2,000+ partners in more than 30 countries.^[2] CI has helped establish 1,000 protected areas across 77 countries and protected more than 612 million hectares of land, marine and coastal areas.^[3]

History

Conservation International was founded in 1987 with the aim of analyzing the problems most dangerous or harmful to nature and building a foundation dedicated to solving these issues on a global scale. This model:-

• detects the problems most threatening to nature,
• prevents the industry side of the world from being detrimental to nature,
• ensures the knowledge the institution has acquired over its first twenty five years is shared with governments and, in doing so,
• establishes policies within these countries that serve as a great benefit to people and nature.

In CI's first year, the organization purchased a portion of Bolivia's foreign debt. The money was then redirected to support conservation in the Beni Biosphere Reserve. Since this first-ever debt-for-nature swap, more than $1 billion of similar deals have been made around the world.^[4]

In 1989, CI formally committed to the protection of biodiversity hotspots, ultimately identifying 34 such hotspots around the world and contributing to their protection. The model of protecting hotspots became a key way for organizations to do conservation work.^[5]

Growth and mission shift

In the subsequent two decades, CI expanded its work, with a stronger focus on science, corporate partnership, conservation funding, indigenous peoples, government, and marine conservation, among other things.^[6]

The organization’s leadership grew to believe that CI's focus on biodiversity conservation was inadequate to protect nature and those who depended on it. CI updated its mission in 2008 to focus explicitly on the connections between human well-being and natural ecosystems. Currently CI's environmental work focuses on key areas of interest for human well-being: climate change, freshwater security, health, food security, biodiversity, and cultural services.^[7]

This new mission places CI at the intersection of traditional conservation work and development work — in other words, in the sustainable development community. According to the organization’s website, CI now seeks "... to make conservation a cornerstone of economic development to benefit everyone, everywhere."^[8]

As of FY10, CI's expenses totaled more than US $138.8 million.^[9]

CI receives high ratings from philanthropic watchdog organizations, with an A rating from Charity Watch.^[10] Charity Navigator awarded CI a score of 100 out of 100 for accountability and transparency.^[11]

Approach to conservation

The foundation of CI's work is "science, partnership, and field demonstration." The organization has scientists, policy workers, and other conservationists on the ground in more than two dozen countries on five continents. It also relies heavily on hundreds of local partners.^[9]

The stated aim of CI’s field work is to find local successes that benefit both people and nature. For example, the creation of "no-take zones" for fish might have a short-term deleterious impact on fishermen; but ultimately, they increase fish populations, helping both marine ecosystems and the local economy.^[12]

CI works with governments, universities, NGOs and the private sector with the aim of replicating these successes on a larger scale. By showing how conservation can work at all scales, CI aims to make the protection of nature a key consideration in economic development decisions around the world.^[13] CI supported 15 national governments in the formation of the Pacific Oceanscape, a management plan for the conservation of 24 million square miles of sea from Hawaii to New Zealand. In addition to the sustainable management of ocean resources, the agreement includes the world's largest marine protected areas and sanctuaries for whales, dolphins, turtles and sharks.^[14]

The organization has been active in United Nations discussions on issues such as climate change^[15] and biodiversity,^[16] and its scientists present at international conferences and workshops. Its United States policy work currently highlights "a direct connection between international conservation and America's economic and national security interests."^[17]

A few years after its founding, CI began working with McDonald’s to implement sustainable agriculture and conservation projects in Central America.^[18] The organization expanded its commitment to working with the business sector in 2000, when it created the Center for Environmental Leadership in Business with support from the Ford Motor Company.^[19]

Criticism

CI has been criticised for links to companies with a poor environmental record such as BP, Cargill, Chevron, Monsanto and Shell and for allegedly offering greenwashing services.^[20][21]

A 2008 article in The Nation claimed that the organization had attracted $6 million for marine conservation in Papua New Guinea, but that the funds were used for "little more than plush offices and first class travel."^[22]

In 2011, Conservation International was targeted by a group of reporters from Don't Panic TV who posed as an American arms company and asked if the charity could "raise [their] green profile." Options outlined by the representative of Conservation International (CI) included assisting with the arms company's green PR efforts, membership of a business forum in return for a fee, and sponsorship packages where the arms company could potentially invest money in return for being associated with conservation activities. Conservation International agreed to help the arms company find an "endangered species mascot." Film footage shows the Conservation International employee suggesting a vulture North African birds of prey as a possible endangered species mascot for the arms company.^[23][24] CI contends that these recordings were heavily edited to remove elements that would have cast CI in a more favorable light, while using other parts of the video out of context to paint an inaccurate and incomplete picture of CI’s work with the private sector.^[25]

In March 2012 The Phnom Penh Post reported that forest rangers appointed by Conservation International had accepted bribes, and that a CI employee who brought this to the attention of CI was fired.^[26]

In May and June 2013, Survival International reported that an indigenous Bushman tribe in Botswana was threatened with eviction from their ancestral land in order to create a wildlife corridor^[27] known as the Western Kgalagadi Conservation Corridor.^[28] A Botswana government representative denied this.^[29] A May press release from CI said, "Contrary to recent reports, Conservation International (CI) has not been involved in the implementation of conservation corridors in Botswana since 2011", and asserted that CI had always supported the San Bushmen and their rights.^[30]

Leadership

• Chairman and CEO: Peter Seligmann^[31][32]
• President: Gary Edson,^[33] a former American government official and entrepreneur. He most recently served as Chief Executive Officer of the Clinton Bush Haiti Fund, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization that concluded operations in late 2012.^[32][34]
• Chief Operating Officer: Jennifer Morris^[32]
• Chairman of the Executive Committee: Rob Walton, chairman of the board, Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.^[32]
• Vice Chairs: Harrison Ford, actor^[35] and André Esteves, CEO, Banco BTG Pactual S/A, São Paulo, Brazil.^[32][36]
• Executive Vice Chair, Dr. Russell Mittermeier^[32][37]

References

External links

• Conservation International - Official site
• Global Symposium 2006 Madagascar
• Defying Ocean's End, A Conservation International led Agenda for Action in ocean conservation
• Charity Navigator Evaluation by America's premier independent charity evaluator
• Youtube video Al Gore explaining the need for more action on climate change
• Deep Sea Conservation Coalition - A union of 60+ international organizations working towards biodiversity conservation on the high seas.
• Reserva Ecologica Pachijal - A Conservation effort in the Cloudforest of Mindo-Ecuador