Comparison of web frameworks

Programming language comparisons
General comparison Basic syntax Basic instructions Exception handling Enumerated types Anonymous functions Conditional expressions Functional instructions Arrays Associative arrays String operations String functions List comprehension Object-oriented programming Object-oriented constructors Database access While loops For loops
Evaluation strategy List of "Hello World" programs
Web frameworks Java and .NET platforms
Languages with dependent types
Comparison of individual programming languages ALGOL 58's influence on ALGOL 60 ALGOL 60: Comparisons with other languages Comparison of ALGOL 68 and C++ ALGOL 68: Comparisons with other languages Compatibility of C and C++ Comparison of Pascal and Borland Delphi Comparison of Object Pascal and C Comparison of Pascal and C Comparison of Java and C++ Comparison of C# and Java Comparison of C# and Visual Basic .NET Comparison of Visual Basic and Visual Basic .NET

This is a comparison of notable web frameworks.

General

Basic information about each framework.

ASP.NET

See also: ASP.NET and List of CLI languages

Project	Current stable version	Release date	License
ASP.NET Dynamic Data
Base One Foundation Component Library (BFC)	7.44 (dormant)	2013-07-19	Proprietary
Component-based Scalable Logical Architecture (CSLA)	4.5.601	2014-08-04^[1]	Proprietary freeware, no limit on use type
MonoRail	3.3.3	2014-11-06^[2]	Apache
OpenRasta	2.1.0.83282449	2011-09-28	MIT

C

Project	Current stable version	Release date	License
Saetta Web Server	1.4.10	2014-11-22^[3]	Proprietary

C++

Project	Current stable version	Release date	License
CppCMS	1.0.5	2014-10-30^[4]	LGPL, Proprietary
Poco	1.6.1	2015-08-03^[5]	Boost Software License
Tntnet	2.2.1	2014-01-17^[6]	LGPL
Wt	3.3.4	2015-03-25^[7]	GPL, Proprietary

COBOL

Project	Current stable version	Release date	License
COBOL on Wheelchair			MIT License

ColdFusion Markup Language (CFML)

Project	Current stable version	Release date	License
CFWheels	1.4.3	2015-10-16	Apache v2
ColdBox Platform	4.0.0	2015-01-22	Apache v2
ColdSpring	1.2	2008-09-12	Apache v2
Fusebox	5.5.2	2012-05-08	Apache
Mach-II	1.8.1	2010-09-20	GPLv3 with Classpath exception
Model-Glue	3.1.299	2010-03-05	Apache

Common Lisp

Project	Current stable version	Release date	License
Caveman2	2.4.0	2015-06-05^[8]	LLGPL^[9]

D

Project	Current stable version	Release date	License
vibe.d	0.7.26	2015-11-04^[10]	MIT License

Haskell

Project	Current stable version	Release date	License
Happstack	7.0	2012-03-29	BSD-3
Snap	0.13	2014-05-06	BSD-3
Yesod	1.4.1	2014-11-23^[11]	MIT License

Java

Project	Current stable version	Release date	License
Apache Click	2.3.0 (retired)	2011-03-27	Apache 2.0
Apache OFBiz	13.07.01	2014-10-06	Apache 2.0
Apache Shale	1.0.4 (retired)	2007-12-19	Apache
Apache Sling	7	2014-10-03	Apache 2.0
Apache Struts 2	2.3.24	2015-05-07	Apache 2.0
Apache Tapestry	5.3.8	2014-11-20	Apache
Apache Wicket	7.0	2015-07-28	Apache 2.0
AppFuse	3.5.0	2015-02-20	Apache 2.0
Brutos Framework	2.0	2015-06-30	Apache 2.0
CUBA Platform	6.0.6	2015-12-04	Freemium
Eclipse RAP	2.3.1	2014-09-26	Eclipse
FormEngine	2.0.1	2012-05-08	Proprietary
Grails	3.0.9	2015-04-02	Apache
Google Web Toolkit	2.7.0	2014-11-20	Apache 2.0
Hamlets	1.7.1	2012-06-29	BSD
ItsNat	1.3.1	2013-06-30	GNU LGPL, proprietary
JavaServer Faces (Mojarra)	2.2.9	2014-12-18	CDDL, GNU GPL 2, Apache 2.0
JBoss Seam	3.1.0 final (discontinued)	2012-01-13	GNU LGPL
Jspx-bay	2.0	2014-04-01	Apache 2.0
JVx	2.1.1	2014-12-06	Apache 2.0
OpenLaszlo	4.9.0 (dormant)	2010-10-21	CPL
OpenXava	5.2	2015-01-27	GNU LGPL
Oracle ADF	12.1.3.0	2014-06-26	Oracle Technology Network Developer License
Play	2.4.1	2015-06-23	Apache 2.0
RIFE	1.6.1 (unmaintained)	2007-07-14	CDDL, GNU LGPL
Spark	2.3	2015-09-16	Apache
Spring	4.2.2	2015-10-15	Apache 2.0
Stripes	1.5.8	2014-07-07	Apache
Takes	0.27	2015-12-15	MIT
ThinWire	1.2 (unmaintained)	2007-09-17	GNU GPL
Vaadin	7.3.10	2015-02-03	Apache 2.0
VRaptor	4.1.4	2014-12-30	Apache 2.0
Wavemaker	6.5.3	2013-03-14	Apache
WebObjects	5.4.3	2008-09-15	Proprietary
WebWork	2.2.6 (unmaintained)	2007-07-21	Apache
Ze Framework	1.1	2014-07-16	BSD
Ze Framework	1.1	2014-07-16	BSD
WebJ framework	1.00	2016-01-01
ztemplates	2.4.0	2011-09-11	Apache

JavaScript

Project	Current stable version	Release date	License
AngularJS	1.4.0	2015-05-26	MIT License
KnockoutJS	3.2.0	2014-08-12	MIT License
Backbone.js	1.1.2	2014-02-20	MIT License
EachJS	1.0.0	2016-01-29	MIT License
Ember.js	2.3.0	2016-01-19	MIT License
OpenUI5	1.26.8	2015-03-10	Apache 2.0 License by SAP
Express.js	4.12.3	2015-03-17	MIT License
Unified.js	14.0	2014-04-01	BSD (component only) & proprietary
Meteor	1.2.1	2015-10-26	MIT License

Scala

Project	Current stable version	Release date	License
Play!	2.4.3	2015-09-07	Apache 2.0
Lift	2.6	2015-01-11	Apache 2.0
Scalatra	2.3.0	2014-06-11	BSD

Perl

Project	Current stable version	Release date	License
Catalyst	5.90082	2015-01-11	Artistic, GPL
Dancer	1.5800	2015-01-01	Artistic, GPL
Mason	2.22	2014-02-01	Artistic, GPL
Maypole	2.13 (dormant)	2008-04-18	Artistic, GPL
Mojolicious	6.05	2015-03-24	Artistic

PHP

Project	Start date	Current stable version	Release date	License
Agavi	2005-05	1.0.8^[12]	2015-06-29	LGPL
Banshee	2008-10-04	5.0	2015-06-10	Banshee
CakePHP	2005-08	3.1.5^[13]	2015-11-30	MIT
CodeIgniter	2006-02-28	3.0.3^[14]	2015-10-31	MIT
Fat-Free	2009-09	3.5.0^[15]	2015-06-02	GPLv3
FuelPHP	2011-08	1.7.3^[16]	2015-05-20	MIT
Hazaar MVC	2012-10	1.3	2014-08-29	Apache 2.0
Kajona	2006	4.7^[17]	2015-05-01	LGPLv2
Laravel	2011-06-11	5.1^[18]	2015-03-06	MIT
Lithium	2009-10	1.0.0-rc2^[19]	2015-09-05	BSD
Nette Framework	2006-01^[20]	2.3.1^[21]	2015-03-27	New BSD, GPLv2, GPLv3^[22]
Phalcon	2012-11-14	2.0.8	2015-09-24	BSD
PHPixie	2012-07	3	2014-10-01	BSD
PRADO	2004-01	3.2.4^[23] (dormant)	2014-08-26	New BSD^[24]
Silex	2011-09	1.3.3^[25]	2015-09-08	MIT
SilverStripe	2007-02-03	3.1.15^[26]	2015-09-18	BSD
Symfony	2005-10	3.0.0^[27]	2015-11-30	MIT
TYPO3 Flow	2011-10	2.3.1^[28]	2014-11-14	LGPLv3
Yii 2	2008-01	2.0.7^[29]	2016-02-14	New BSD
Zend Framework	2006-03	2.4.8^[30]	2015-09-15	New BSD

Python

Project	Current stable version	Release date	License
Bottle	0.12.8	2014-12-28^[31]	MIT
BlueBream	1.0 (dormant)	2011-01-18	ZPL
CherryPy	4.0.0	2015-12-20^[32]	BSD
CubicWeb	3.20.7	2015-04-22^[33]	LGPL
Django	1.9	2015-12-01^[34]	BSD
Flask	0.10.1	2013-06-14^[35]	BSD
Grok	2.8 (dormant)	2013-02-14^[36]	ZPL
Nagare	0.4.1 (dormant)	2012-01-18	BSD
Pyjs	0.8.1a (dormant)	2012-05-06	Apache
Pylons	1.0.1 (dormant)	2012-08-14	BSD
Pyramid	1.5.7	2015-04-28	BSD
TACTIC	4.3.0.v02	2015-03-31^[37]	EPL
Tornado	4.2	2015-05-26^[38]	Apache
TurboGears	2.3.7	2015-10-13^[39]	MIT, LGPL
web2py	2.11.2	2015-05-30^[40]	LGPL3
Webware	1.1.1 (dormant)	2013-01-18	Python
Zope 2	2.13.23	2015-06-29^[41]	ZPL

Ruby

Project	Current stable version	Release date	License
Camping	2.1 (dormant)	2010-08-20	MIT
Cuba	3.5.0	2016-01-15^[42]
Hanami	0.7.2	2016-02-09^[43]	MIT
Padrino	0.12.5	2015-02-22^[44]	MIT
Ruby on Rails	4.2.5.1	2016-01-25	MIT
Sinatra	1.4.7	2016-01-24^[45]	MIT
Merb	1.1.3 (dormant)	2010-07-10	MIT
PureMVC	2.0.4 (dormant)	2008-08-14	CC +Attribution

Others

Project	Language	Current stable version	Release date	License
AIDA/Web	Smalltalk	6.7	2014-09-14	MIT
Application Express	PL/SQL	4.2.6	2014-09-24	Proprietary freeware
AWS	Ada	2014	2014-03-22	GPL
Flex	ActionScript, MXML	4.14	2015-02-03	Apache
Grails	Groovy (JVM)	2.4.4	2014-10-28	Apache
Kepler	Lua	1.1.1 (dormant)	2009-03-11	MIT
Morfik	C#, BASIC, Pascal, Java	3.0.8.1	2010-12-13	Proprietary freeware
Ocsigen	OCaml	4.2	2015-07-21^[46]	LGPL
Opa	Opa	1.1.1	2013-04-16^[47]	MIT and AGPL
OpenACS	Tcl	5.7.0	2011-07-17	GPL
Seaside	Smalltalk	3.0	2010-09-13	MIT
Zotonic	Erlang	0.12.4	2015-02-20	Apache

Comparison of features

C++

Project	Ajax	MVC framework	MVC push-pull	i18n & L10n?	ORM	Testing framework(s)	DB migration framework(s)	Security framework(s)	Template framework(s)	Caching framework(s)	Form validation framework(s)
CppCMS	Yes	Yes	Push	Yes	CppDB	No	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Tntnet	Yes	No	No	Yes	Tntdb	No	No	No	Yes	No	No
Wt	Yes	Yes	Push & Pull	Yes	Wt::Dbo	Boost.test		Yes	Yes	No	Yes

COBOL

Project	Ajax	MVC framework	MVC push-pull	i18n & L10n?	ORM	Testing framework(s)	DB migration framework(s)	Security framework(s)	Template framework(s)	Caching framework(s)	Form validation framework(s)
COBOL on Wheelchair	No	Yes	?	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	No

ColdFusion Markup Language (CFML)

Project	Ajax	MVC framework	MVC push-pull	i18n & L10n?	ORM	Testing framework(s)	DB migration framework(s)	Security framework(s)	Template framework(s)	Caching framework(s)	Form validation framework(s)
ColdBox Platform	Yes	Yes	Push-pull	Yes	Yes	Yes via TestBox, MockBox	via plugin	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
ColdFusion on Wheels	Yes	Yes	Push	via plugin jLingua	Yes	Yes integrated RocketUnit	via plugin	Yes	Yes via layout.cfm	via plugin	Yes
Fusebox	via CF or any JavaScript library	optional	Push	No, custom	via lexicons for Transfer, Reactor	via MXUnit, others	No	via plugins		via lexicon for ColdSpring	No
Mach-II	via CF or any JavaScript library	Yes	Push	via plugin	Transfer, Reactor, Hibernate	via MXUnit, others		via plugins		ColdSpring
Model-Glue	via CF or any JavaScript library	Yes	Push		Transfer, Reactor, Hibernate	via MXUnit, others		via plugins		ColdSpring

Common Lisp

Project	Ajax	MVC framework	MVC push-pull	i18n & L10n?	ORM	Testing framework(s)	DB migration framework(s)	Security framework(s)	Template framework(s)	Caching framework(s)	Form validation framework(s)
Caveman2	No	-	-	No	via third-party packages like Postmortem	No	via third-party packages like Postmortem	No	Yes	Yes	No

Java

Project	Language	Ajax	MVC framework	MVC push-pull	i18n & L10n?	ORM	Testing framework(s)	DB migration framework(s)	Security framework(s)	Template framework(s)	Caching framework(s)	Form validation framework(s)
Apache Click	Java	jQuery	Page oriented	Pull	Yes	Hibernate, Cayenne	Yes		pluggable	Velocity, JSP	Cached templates	Built-in validation
Apache OFBiz	Java, Groovy, XML,	jQuery	Yes	Push-pull	Yes	Entity Engine (Internal kind of ORM, not really ORM, notably used by Atlassian Jira)	JUnit	Entity Engine Tools, Data File Tool, CSV Parser, Apache POI	Internal Security framework based on OWASP	Freemarker (Recommended), Velocity (Support Available), JSP (Support Available)	Internal Cache Maintenance with Distributed Cache Clearing for clusters	Server side validation, Client Side Validation (JQuery)
Apache Sling	Java	Yes	Yes	Push-pull		Uses JCR content repository			Yes	Yes	Yes
Apache Struts	Java	Yes	Yes	Push-pull	Yes	Yes	Unit tests			Yes		Yes
Apache Tapestry	Java	Prototype, jQuery	Yes	Pull	Yes	JPA, Hibernate, Cayenne	Selenium, TestNG, JUnit		Spring Security, Shiro	Yes	with extensions	Native or Bean Validation
Apache Wicket	Java	Extensions for YUI, ExtJS, more	No (Modular event-driven)	Pull	Yes	with extensions	Mock objects, unit and integration tests via extension		Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
FormEngine	Java	Yes			Yes	own connector API						Ajax validation on server and form state update
Grails	Groovy	Yes	Yes	Push	Yes	GORM, Hibernate	Unit tests, integration test, functional test	multiple plugins: autobase, dbmigrate, more	Spring Security,^[48] Apache Shiro^[49]	Yes	Yes	Yes
ItsNat	Java	Yes	event driven	Push	using Java i18n		external, built-in		pluggable	pure HTML-SVG	page caching	normal Java
JavaServer Faces	Java	Yes	Yes	Pull	Yes	JPA, Hibernate and any other Java EE ORM framework	JUnit		Yes	Facelets, JSP	Yes	Native validators, integration with Bean Validation
Project	Language	Ajax	MVC framework	MVC push-pull	i18n & L10n?	ORM	Testing framework(s)	DB migration framework(s)	Security framework(s)	Template framework(s)	Caching framework(s)	Form validation framework(s)
JBoss Seam	Java	Yes	Yes	Pull	Yes	JPA, Hibernate	JUnit, TestNG		JAAS integration, Drools, Hibernate Filters, OpenID, CAPTCHA	Facelets	JBoss Cache, Ehcache	Hibernate Validator
Jspx-bay	Java	Yes	Page oriented			Own API			JAAS integration	Master-content pages		Yes, Internal UI validation controls
JVx WebUI	Java	Yes	Model Driven		Yes	Yes, pluggable	JUnit		Yes	Single sourcing		Yes, pluggable
OpenXava	Java	Yes	Model Driven		Yes	JPA, Hibernate, EJB2 CMP	JUnit	Hibernate tools	uses JSR-168 portal security	UI is automatically generated	uses portal and JPA caching	Yes
Play	Java, Scala	Yes	Yes	Push-pull	Yes	JPA, Hibernate	JUnit, Selenium	Yes	via Core Security module	Yes	Yes	Server-side validation
RIFE	Java	DWR	Yes	Push-pull	Yes	Yes	Out of container testing		Yes	Yes	Integration with Terracotta	Yes
Spring	Java	Yes	Yes	Push	Yes	Hibernate, iBatis, more	Mock objects, unit tests		Spring Security (formerly Acegi)	JSP, Commons Tiles, Velocity, Thymeleaf, more	Ehcache, more	Commons validator, Bean Validation
Stripes	Java	Yes	Yes	Pull	Yes	JPA, Hibernate	Yes		framework extension	Yes		Yes
Vaadin	Java	GWT		Push-pull	Yes	Yes	Yes			Yes		Yes
Wavemaker	JavaScript (client), Java (server)	Dojo Toolkit	Yes	Push	Dojo Toolkit	Hibernate	JUnit	Hibernate	Spring Security (formerly Acegi), role-based access control	Dojo Toolkit	Dojo Toolkit	Regular expression, schema-driven validation
Project	Language	Ajax	MVC framework	MVC push-pull	i18n & L10n?	ORM	Testing framework(s)	DB migration framework(s)	Security framework(s)	Template framework(s)	Caching framework(s)	Form validation framework(s)
WebObjects	Java	Yes	Yes	Push-pull	Yes	EOF	WOUnit (JUnit), TestNG, Selenium	in Project WONDER		Yes	Yes	Yes
ztemplates	Java JDK 1.5 or newer	integrates YUI, Google, etc., with annotations	Yes	Push, multiple actions per URL	standard Java	use any J2EE ORM framework	Unit tests		annotation based	Velocity, FreeMarker, JSP, others pluggable		Ajax validation on server and form state update (YUI, JSON)
Google Web Toolkit	Java, JavaScript	Yes			Yes	JPA with RequestFactory	JUnit (too early), jsUnit (too difficult), Selenium (best)	via Java	Yes			Bean Validation
ZK	Java, ZUML	jQuery	Yes	Push-pull	Yes	any J2EE ORM framework	JUnit,ZATS	HibernateUtil, SpringUtil	Spring Security	Macro components & composition	Yes	client, server

JavaScript

Project	Ajax	MVC framework	MVC push-pull	i18n & L10n?	ORM	Testing framework(s)	Security framework(s)	Template framework(s)	Caching framework(s)	Form validation framework(s)
AngularJS	XHR, JSONP	Yes		i18n and l10n		Karma (unit testing), Protractor (end-to-end testing)	Content Security Policy (CSP), XSRF	Templates	Caching	Form validation (front-end)
EmberJS	Yes	Yes		Yes	Ember Data	QUnit		Handlebars
qooxdoo	Yes	Data binding		i18n		Testrunner				Form Validation
SproutCore	Yes	Yes
Wakanda	Yes	Yes	Push & Pull		Native Object NoSQL DB	CommonJS Unit Testing YUI Test Service	Data Security and Access Control		Storage (application.storage, user.storage, SessionStorage)

Perl

Project	Ajax	MVC framework	MVC push-pull	i18n & L10n?	ORM	Testing framework(s)	DB migration framework(s)	Security framework(s)	Template framework(s)	Caching framework(s)	Form validation framework(s)
Catalyst	Toolkit-independent (REST & JSON support, specific plugins for Prototype JavaScript Framework, more)	Yes	Push in its most common usage	Yes	DBIx::Class, Rose::DB::Object, more	Supports Perl testing standards, Test Anything Protocol (TAP)	?	ACL-based, external engines, more	Template::Toolkit, HTML::Template, HTML::Mason, PHP and any extant Perl template engine	Cache, Memcached, shared memory, more	HTML::FormHandler HTML::FormFu, HTML::FormValidator, more
Dancer	Yes	Yes	Push	Yes	DBIx::Class, ORMesque	Yes	?	?	Template::Toolkit, HTML::Mason, Text::MicroTemplate, any extant Perl template engine	Cache, Memcached, shared memory, more	DataFu, any extant Perl form validation software
Mason	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?
Maypole	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?
Mojolicious	Toolkit-independent (REST & JSON support	No explicit model support though commonly used as MVC	Push	Yes	Commonly used with DBIx::Class	Test::Mojo	?	Signed session cookie	Built-in Perl templating, Template::Toolkit and several others via plugins	?	Not explicitly, use any Perl Modules

PHP

Project	Language	Ajax	MVC framework	MVC push-pull	i18n & L10n?	ORM	Testing framework(s)	DB migration framework(s)	Security framework(s)	Template framework(s)	Caching framework(s)	Form validation framework(s)	Scaffolding	RAD	Mobility
Laravel 5.x	PHP >= 5.5.9	Any	Yes	?	Yes	Yes	?	Yes	?	Yes	?	Yes	?	?	?
Laravel <=4.x	PHP >= 5.4	Any	Yes	?	Yes	Yes	?	Yes	?	Yes	?	Yes	?	?	?
Banshee	PHP 5	Yes, native and JQuery	Yes	Push	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes, XSLT	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes, Bootstrap
CakePHP 1 & 2	PHP >= 5.2	Prototype, script.aculo.us, jQuery, jQuery UI, MooTools, MooTools More	Yes	Push	Yes	Active record pattern (CakePHP 1.x), data mapper pattern (CakePHP 2.x)	Unit tests, object mocking, fixtures, code coverage, memory analysis with SimpleTest and Xdebug PHPUnit (cakephp 2.0)	Yes	ACL-based	Themes, layouts, views, elements	Memcache, Redis, XCache, APC, File	Validation, security	Yes	No	?
CakePHP 3	PHP >= 5.4	Any	Yes	Yes, Push & Cells	Yes	ORM, Data Mapper Pattern, SQL Relational Algebra Abstraction Layer	Unit tests, object mocking, fixtures, code coverage, memory analysis with PHPUnit and Xdebug and Continuous Integration via Travis	Yes	CRUD based, ACL-based, Multiple Plugins	Themes, Layouts, Cells, Views, Elements, Plugins for Twig, Bootstrap, etc.	Memcache, Redis, XCache, APC, File	Validation via Contexts (Table (DAO), Entity (VO) & Controller), CSRF Protection	Plugin CRUD	Cake Bake	Mobile Agent Detection, Layouts
CodeIgniter	PHP >= 5.2.4	Any	Yes	Push	Mostly^[50]	Third party only	Ready for next release	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No^[51]	Yes	Templates
Drupal	PHP	jQuery, jQuery UI, more	PAC	N/A	Yes	Optional module	SimpleTest	Yes	Yes	Yes	Memcache, APC, Varnish, more	Yes	No	No	Yes
Fat-Free Framework	PHP	Any	MVC, RMR	Push-pull	Yes	Data mappers for SQL, MongoDB, Flat-File	Built-in	Yes	Yes	Yes	APC, Memcache, XCache, WinCache, and Filesystem	Yes	No	?	?
FuelPHP	PHP >= 5.3.x	Yes	MVC, HMVC	Push	Yes	Yes	PHPUnit	Yes	Yes, Plugins available	Yes, Plugins available	File, Redis, Memcache, more	Yes	Yes	?	?
Fusebox	PHP	Yes	Not mandatory	Push	No, custom	?	?	?	Multiple plugins available	?	?	via qforms or built in PHP validation	Yes	?	?
Joomla	?	Yes	Plugin	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?	?
Lithium	PHP >= 5.3.6	Any	Yes	Push	Yes	Yes	Unit tests, builtin test framework or other independent	No	Yes, Plugins available	PHP, Twig Plugin available	Memcache, Redis, XCache, APC, File	Yes, with CSRF Protection and Form Signing	No	Yes	?
Nette Framework	PHP >= 5.3.0	Toolkit-independent	MVP	Push	Yes	Third party only	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	?	?
Phalcon	PHP >= 5.3	Any	Yes	Push	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Volt	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	?
PRADO	PHP >= 5.3.0	Prototype, script.aculo.us, own components^[52]	No	Push-pull	Yes	Data access objects (DAO), active record pattern, SQLMap data mapper	PHPUnit, SimpleTest, Selenium	No	Yes	XML-based, similar to ASP.NETs^[53]	APC, Database, eAccelerator, Memcached, XCache	Yes^[54]	Yes^[55]	?	?
SilverStripe (Sapphire)	PHP >= 5.2	jQuery, jQuery UI	Yes	Push-pull	Yes	Active record pattern	Unit tests, Selenium	Automatic	incl. OpenID	Themes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Solodev CMS	PHP 5	jQuery, jQuery UI, more	?	Push-pull	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	?	?
Silex	PHP >= 5.3.9	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Plugin exists (Doctrine)	Yes	No	Yes	PHP, Twig	Plugin exists	Yes	Plugin exists	?	?
Symfony	PHP 5	Prototype, script.aculo.us, Unobtrusive Ajax with UJS and PJS plugins	Yes	Push	Yes	Propel, Doctrine (YAML)	Yes	Plugin exists (alpha code)	Plugin	PHP, Twig	Yes	Yes	Yes	?	?
Symfony 2	PHP >= 5.3.3	Any	Yes	Push	Yes	Propel, Doctrine (YAML)	Yes	Plugin exists	Yes	PHP, Twig	Yes	Yes	Yes	?	?
TYPO3	PHP >= 5.5	Any	Yes	Push-pull	Yes	Yes	Yes	Partial	Yes	TYPO3 Fluid	Yes	Yes	Plugin exists	Plugin exists	?
Yii 2	PHP >= 5.4.0	jQuery, jQuery UI, own components, plugins	Yes	Push-pull	Yes	Data Access Objects (DAO), Active Record Pattern, Plugins (incl. Doctrine 2.0)	PHPUnit, Selenium	Yes	ACL-based, RBAC-based, plugins	PHP-based, PRADO-like, plugins	APC, Database, eAccelerator, File, Memcache, Redis, WinCache, XCache, Zend Platform	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes, Bootstrap
Yii	PHP >= 5.1.0	jQuery, jQuery UI, own components, plugins	Yes	Push-pull	Yes	Data Access Objects (DAO), Active Record Pattern, Plugins (incl. Doctrine 2.0)	PHPUnit, Selenium	Yes	ACL-based, RBAC-based, plugins	PHP-based, PRADO-like, plugins	APC, Database, eAccelerator, File, Memcache, Redis, WinCache, XCache, Zend Platform	Yes	Yes^[56]	?	?
Zend Framework^[57]	PHP >= 5.3	Toolkit-independent	Yes	Push-pull	Yes	Table and row data gateway or Doctrine	Unit tests, PHP Unit or other independent	Yes	ACL-based	Yes	APC, Database, File, Memcache, Zend Platform	Yes	Yes	?	?
Zend Framework 2	PHP >= 5.3.3	Toolkit-independent	Yes	Push-pull	Yes	Table and row data gateway and Doctrine 2.0 for Zend Framework 2.0	Unit tests, PHP Unit or other independent	Yes	ACL-based	Yes	APC, Database, File, Memcache, Zend Platform	Yes	Yes	?	?
Zikula	PHP	Yes	Yes	N/A	Yes	Yes	PHPUnit	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	?	?

Python

Project	Language	Ajax	MVC framework	MVC push-pull	i18n & L10n?	ORM	Testing framework(s)	DB migration framework(s)	Security framework(s)	Template framework(s)	Caching framework(s)	Form validation framework(s)	Python 3.*
Bottle	Python	-	-	-	-	Sqlalchemy (via plugins)	-	-	-	built-in, Mako, Jinja2, Cheetah	-	-	Yes
CherryPy	Python	-	-	_	-	pluggable	-	-	-	pluggable	-	-	Yes
Django	Python	Yes	Yes	Push	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	built-in, Jinja2, Mako, Cheetah	Yes	Yes	Yes
Flask	Python	Yes	-	-	Yes	Sqlalchemy (via plugin)	via unittest		Yes	Jinja2	Yes	Yes	Yes
Pyjs	Python, JavaScript	Yes	Use PureMVC Python version (compiled to JavaScript)		Yes	??, no direct data access		No					No
Pylons	Python	helpers for Prototype and script.aculo.us	controller	Push	Yes	ORM-agnostic	via nose	depends on ORM		pluggable: Mako, Genshi, Myghty, Kid, more	Beaker cache (memory, memcached, file, databases)	preferred formencode	No
Pyramid	Python	Yes	Yes	Push	Yes	ORM-agnostic	Yes	depends on ORM	Yes	pluggable: Chameleon, Genshi; Mako, more	Beaker cache (memory, memcached, file, databases)	preferred formencode	Yes
TACTIC	Python	Yes	Yes	Pull	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Mako	No	Yes	No
Tornado	Python	See Advanced Async Example implements AJAX	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	Yes
TurboGears	Python	Toolkit-independent, provides support via JSON	Full stack, best-of-breed based	Push	Yes	SQLAlchemy	nose	SQLAlchemy-Migrate	Repoze.what & Repoze.who	pluggable: Genshi, more	Support for memcached, and any WSGI compliant system	ToscaWidgets, utilizing FormEncode	Yes
web2py	Python	Yes	Yes	Push	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Webware	Python	No	Optional	Pull	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No
BlueBream (Zope 3)	Python	via add-on products, e.g. Plone w/KSS	Yes	Pull	Yes	ZODB, SQLObject, SQLAlchemy	Unit tests, functional tests	ZODB generations	ACL-based	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Zope 2	Python		Yes	Pull	Yes	ZODB, SQLObject, SQLAlchemy	Unit tests		ACL-based	Yes	Yes	CMFFormController	No
Falcon	Python	Yes	No		No	No				No		No	Yes
wheezy.web	Python	Yes	No		Yes	No				Mako		Yes	Yes

Ruby

Project	Ajax	MVC framework	MVC push-pull	i18n & L10n?	ORM	Testing framework(s)	DB migration framework(s)	Security framework(s)	Template framework(s)	Caching framework(s)	Form validation framework(s)
Camping	No	Yes	Push	No	Active record pattern	via Mosquito	Yes	No	Yes	No	No
Ruby on Rails	Prototype, script.aculo.us, jQuery	ActiveRecord, Action Pack	Push	Yes	ActiveRecord	Unit Tests, Functional Tests and Integration Tests	Yes	Plug-in	Yes	Yes	Yes
Sinatra	No	Yes	Push	No	ORM-independent	rack-test	Yes	through a Rack middleware	Yes	through a Rack middleware	No

Others

Project	Language	Ajax	MVC framework	MVC push-pull	i18n & L10n?	ORM	Testing framework(s)	DB migration framework(s)	Security framework(s)	Template framework(s)	Caching framework(s)	Form validation framework(s)
AIDA/Web	Smalltalk	Yes	Yes		Yes	Gemstone/S, GLORP, more	SUnit		Yes			Yes
Application Express	PL/SQL	Yes			Yes			Yes	Yes			Yes
Flex	ActionScript, MXML	Not by name but similar technology^[58]					FlexUnit
Kepler	Lua		Yes
Lift	Scala	Yes	Yes	Pull	Yes	Yes	ScalaTest, Selenium^[59]	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Ocsigen	OCaml	Yes									Yes	Yes
Opa	Opa	Yes			Yes	MongoDB			Yes	Yes	Yes
OpenACS	Tcl	Yes	Yes		Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Seaside	Smalltalk	jQuery, jQuery UI, Prototype JavaScript Framework, script.aculo.us, more	Yes		Yes	GLORP, Gemstone/S, more	Unit tests, SUnit			No, intentionally		Magritte
Project	Language	Ajax	MVC framework	MVC push-pull	i18n & L10n?	ORM	Testing framework(s)	DB migration framework(s)	Security framework(s)	Template framework(s)	Caching framework(s)	Form validation framework(s)

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External links

Time Saving Web Development Frameworks and Kits

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