Drug cartel

A drug cartel is any criminal organization with the intention of supplying drug trafficking operations. They range from loosely managed agreements among various drug traffickers to formalized commercial enterprises. The term was applied when the largest trafficking organizations reached an agreement to coordinate the production and distribution of cocaine. Since that agreement was broken up, drug cartels are no longer actually cartels, but the term stuck and it is now popularly used to refer to any criminal narcotics related organization, such as those in Afghanistan, Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Burma, China, Colombia, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, France, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Laos, Mexico, the Netherlands, Pakistan, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Russia, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

The basic structure of a drug cartel is as follows:

It is worth noting that there are other operating groups within the drug cartels. For example, the drug producers and suppliers,[6] although not considered in the basic structure, are critical operators of any drug cartel, along with the financiers and money launderers.[7][8][9] In addition, the arms suppliers operate in a completely different circle,[10] and are technically not considered part of the cartel’s logistics.

Africa


Americas

North America

United States

Map of violent crime per 100,000 people in the USA by state in 2004

The United States of America is the world's largest consumer of cocaine[11] and other illegal drugs.[12][13][14][15] This is a list of American criminal organizations involved in illegal drug traffic, drug trade and other related crimes in the United States:

Mexico

The Mérida Initiative, a U.S. Counter-Narcotics Assistance to Mexico

Mexican cartels (also known in Mexico as: La Mafia (the mafia or the mob), La Maña (the skill / the bad manners),[25] Narcotraficantes (Narco-Traffickers), or simply as Narcos) is a generic term that usually refers to several, usually rival, criminal organizations that are combated by the Mexican government in the in the Mexican War on Drugs (List sorted by branches and heritage):[26]

South America

Brazil

Colombia

Until 2011 Colombia remained the world's largest cocaine producer,[67] however with a strong anti-narcotic strategy in 2012 the country achieved a great decrease in cocaine production and fell to the third position, behind Peru and Bolivia.[68]

The current main actors in the drug trade are:

Historical actors in the drug trade were:

Venezuela

Historically Venezuela has been a path to the United States for illegal drugs originating in Colombia, through Central America and Mexico and Caribbean countries such as Haiti, the Dominican Republic, and Puerto Rico.

According to the United Nations, there was an increase of cocaine trafficking through Venezuela since 2002.[70] In 2005 Venezuela severed ties with the United States Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), accusing its representatives of spying.[71] Following the departure of the DEA from Venezuela and the expansion of DEA's partnership with Colombia in 2005, Venezuela became more attractive to drug traffickers.[72] Between 2008 and 2012, Venezuela's cocaine seizure ranking among other countries declined, going from being ranked fourth in the world for cocaine seizures in 2008[73] to sixth in the world in 2012.[74] The cartel groups involved include:

Pasquale, Paolo and Gaspare Cuntrera were expelled from Venezuela in 1992, "almost secretly smuggled out of the country, as if it concerned one of their own drug transports. It was imperative they could not contact people on the outside who could have used their political connections to stop the expulsion." Their expulsion was ordered by a commission of the Venezuelan Senate headed by Senator Cristobal Fernandez Dalo and his money laundering investigator, Thor Halvorssen Hellum. They were arrested in September 1992 at Fiumicino airport (Rome),[76][77] and in 1996 were sentence to 13–20 years.[75]

In May 2015, The Wall Street Journal reported from United States officials that drug trafficking in Venezuela increased significantly with Colombian drug traffickers moving from Colombia to Venezuela due to pressure from law enforcement.[81] On United States Department of Justice official described the higher ranks of the Venezuelan government and military as "a criminal organization", with high ranking Venezuelan officials, such as National Assembly President Diosdado Cabello, being accused of drug trafficking.[81] Those involved with investigations stated that Venezuelan government defectors and former traffickers had given information to investigators and that details of those involved in government drug trafficking were increasing.[81]


Central American and Caribbean

El Salvador

Haiti

Jamaica

Asia

Afghanistan

China

Golden Triangle

Japan

Eurasia

Russia

Europe

France

Ireland

Italy

Netherlands

United Kingdom

Other organized crime groups based in Europe

Middle East

Israel

Other parts of the world

References

  1. ↑ "Va Marina por 'halcones del crimen organizado". Blog del Narco. 21 April 2011.
  2. ↑ Bowden, Charles (Feb 6, 2011). "El sicario, un documental proscrito en México (1)".
  3. ↑ Bowden, Charles F (Feb 6, 2011). "El sicario, un documental proscrito en México (2)".
  4. ↑ "Ejército detiene a lugarteniente del cártel del Golfo". El Universal. 2 June 2009.
  5. ↑ "DATOS - Principales capos de la droga en México". International Business Times. Retrieved November 6, 2010.
  6. ↑ "Uncovering the link between the Mexican drug cartels" (PDF). National Defense University: Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies.
  7. ↑ "Las 5 caras del lavado de dinero". CNNExpansión. 8 June 2010.
  8. ↑ "Cae "El Adal" operador financiero de los Zetas". TV Milenio. Retrieved 3 August 2011.
  9. ↑ "Cae "El Míchel" operador financiero de Los Zetas en Aguascalientes". Tele Diario. Retrieved 3 August 2011.
  10. ↑ "Entrevista a el Mamito, presunto fundador de los Zetas". CNN Videos. Jul 6, 2011.
  11. ↑ "The World Factbook". Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  12. ↑ "U.S. Leads the World in Illegal Drug Use". CBS News. 1 July 2008.
  13. ↑ "U.S. drug habit keeps Mexican war boiling - US news - Crime & courts - NBC News". msnbc.com. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  14. ↑ http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hovUpnhllEsX9vClXt86VxCmwo1A?hl=en
  15. ↑ "Special Reports - Do The Math - Why The Illegal Business Is Thriving - Drug Wars - FRONTLINE - PBS". Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  16. ↑ "Mexican Drug Cartels: You Want Silver or Lead? Part 2". © 2009 BanderasNews. September 23, 2010.
  17. ↑ Tinoco, Alberto (02/07/05). "Radiografía de la Mara Salvatrucha en México". Esmas.com. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  18. ↑ "Asesinan en Monterrey a capo de la ‘Mexican mafia’". Esmas.com. 11/02/06. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  19. ↑ "Members of Texas Syndicate gang arrested, drugs taken off streets". KVUE News. February 8, 2011.
  20. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Juan García Ábrego
  21. ↑ Allegations of CIA drug trafficking
  22. ↑ ATF gunwalking scandal
  23. 1 2 "EU arrestó a 127 agentes aduanales corrompidos por narco mexicanos". Mundo Narco. 06/09/2011. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  24. 1 2 "Detienen a agente aduanal por narco". El Mañana/El Universal. Domingo, 29 de Julio de 2007. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  25. ↑ "Controla 'La Maña' a Reynosa, Tamaulipas". Terra Noticias. 2 March 2009.
  26. ↑ Guerrero Gutiérrez, Eduardo. "At the root of the violence" (PDF). Nexos. Retrieved 9 October 2011.
  27. ↑ La Familia Michoacana
  28. ↑ Carlos Rosales Mendoza
  29. ↑ "La Resistencia y Jalisco Nueva Generación". Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  30. 1 2 http://www.fpri.org/enotes/200708.grayson.mexicodrugcartels.html
  31. ↑ "Caen cuatro sicarios de los "Artistas asesinos" en Chihuahua". El Economista. |first1= missing |last1= in Authors list (help)
  32. ↑ Castillo, Mariano (May 18, 2007). "‘Gente Nueva’ enter border drug wars" (PDF). Laredo Morning Times.
  33. ↑ "La Resistencia, nueva organización delictiva en Guadalajara". Mundo Narco.
  34. ↑ "Cártel Jalisco Nueva Generación va contra todos". Blog Del Narco.
  35. ↑ "El Universal - - Arresto de El Ponchis exhibe vacos legales". 23 June 2013. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  36. ↑ "Child Assassin named "El Ponchis"Arrested By Mexican Army!! - In Flex We Trust". In Flex We Trust. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  37. ↑ "Alleged U.S teen cartel assassin arrested - Stun Gun Savior Self Defense Blog". Retrieved 16 December 2014.
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  39. ↑ "Capturan a "El Padrino", identificado como líder del Cártel Independiente de Acapulco". Milenio TV.
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  41. ↑ "El Comando del Diablo aceptan tregua con condiciones en Guerrero". Universo Narco (Noticias). 25 August 2011.
  42. ↑ Edward Fox. "Splinter Gangs Wage War in Acapulco: The Future of Mexico's Conflict". Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  43. ↑ "¿Quienes son "La Mano Con Ojos"". Mundo Narco.
  44. ↑ "Narcos de Morelos se pelean por el DF". Milenio Noticias (online). 2010-10-15.
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  46. ↑ "Se presenta el Cártel de la Sierra en Guerrero con seis ejecutados". La Crónica. 2010-07-27.
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  48. ↑ "Aparece el Cártel de La Calle en Chiapas". Blog del Narco. Retrieved 6 August 2011.
  49. ↑ http://www.oem.com.mx/laprensa/notas/n3556880.htm
  50. ↑ Cacho, Lydia. "La otra historia de ‘La Barbie’". Zócalo Saltillo.
  51. ↑ Otero, Sylvia (20 August 2003). "Surge nuevo 'narcoperfil'". El Universal.
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  67. ↑ Heather Walsh. "Gold Eclipses Cocaine as Rebels Tap Colombian Mining Wealth". Businessweek.com. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
  68. ↑ "Colombia no longer top cocaine producer". usatoday.com. 30 July 2012. Retrieved 24 April 2013.
  69. ↑ "Colombia’s BACRIM: Common Criminals or Actors in Armed Conflict?". insightcrime.org. Retrieved 18 February 2014.
  70. ↑ El Universal, 24 February 2008, Aumenta narcotráfico por Venezuela
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  73. ↑ United Nations, World Drug Report 2010 Statistical Annex: Drug seizures
  74. ↑ "Drug seizures Report From Year: 2009 Until Year: 2012 Drug Group: Cocaine-type". United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. Retrieved 29 May 2015.
  75. 1 2 3 Tom Blickman (1997), "The Rothschilds of the Mafia on Aruba", Transnational Organized Crime, Vol. 3, No. 2, Summer 1997
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  77. ↑ Presumed Guilty, by Isabel Hilton, Gentlemen's Quarterly (GQ), July 1994 (UK edition)
  78. ↑ BBC, 1 February 2008, Colombian drugs lord found dead
  79. ↑ Venezuelanalysis.com, 20 September 2010, Venezuela Deports Two Drug Kingpins, Calls US Drug Blacklist "Abusive and Interventionist"
  80. ↑ Diehl, Jackson (29 May 2015). "A drug cartel’s power in Venezuela". The Washington Post. Retrieved 29 May 2015.
  81. 1 2 3 DeCórdoba, José; Forero, Juan (18 May 2015). "Venezuelan Officials Suspected of Turning Country into Global Cocaine Hub; U.S. probe targets No. 2 official Diosdado Cabello, several others, on suspicion of drug trafficking and money laundering". Dow Jones & Company Inc. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 19 May 2015.
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  90. ↑ Castori, Fabio (Fermo, 6 novembre 2008). "Associazione mafiosa, rivivono le 'imprese' della cupola foggiana". Il Resto del Carlino. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  91. ↑ "Police cite significant achievements against major crime families". Haaretz.com. 15 March 2009. Retrieved 16 December 2014.

Further reading

External links

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