Colne

Colne
Colne, with its town hall on the horizon
Colne  Colne shown within Lancashire
Population	18,806 (2011 Census)
OS grid reference	SD884399
Civil parish	Colne
District	Pendle
Shire county	Lancashire
Region	North West
Country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	COLNE
Postcode district	BB8
Dialling code	01282
Police	Lancashire
Fire	Lancashire
Ambulance	North West
EU Parliament	North West England
UK Parliament	Pendle
Website	http://www.bronte-country.com/colne.html
List of places UK England Lancashire

Coordinates: 53°51′19″N 2°10′32″W / 53.8554°N 2.1756°W / 53.8554; -2.1756

Colne /koʊn/ with a population of 18,806 (2011 census), is the oldest and second largest town and civil parish in the Borough of Pendle, after Nelson, which lies immediately to the west. It is six miles north-east of Burnley, 25 miles east of Preston, 25 miles north of Manchester and 30 miles west of Leeds. It was the main town in the area for many centuries being the market town and having a grade A listed market cross that dates to the 15th century allowing a market to be held there. The cross was originally in the Parish Church yard, but has been relocated in Market St, the main road through the town centre.

The town should not be confused with the unrelated Colne Valley around the River Colne near Huddersfield in Yorkshire nor with the Colne Valley around Earls Colne and Colchester in Essex.

Colne occupies a strategic location close to the southern entrance to the Aire Gap, which offers the lowest crossing of the Pennine watershed. The M65 terminates west of the town and from here two main roads take traffic onwards towards the Yorkshire towns of Skipton (A56) and Keighley (A6068). Colne railway station represents the current terminus of the East Lancashire railway line, which until 1970 extended northwards towards Skipton.

Colne is surrounded by beautiful villages and open countryside, which have helped to fuel a recent growth in tourism. The hamlet of Wycoller with its historic pack horse bridge and clam bridge, said to date back to the Iron Age, lies to the south-east in Brontë Country. The ruin of Wycoller Hall is thought to be the inspiration for Ferndean Manor in Charlotte Brontë's Jane Eyre. The Brontës themselves lived just over the border, in the Yorkshire village of Haworth which, like Hardcastle Crags and Hebden Bridge, can be accessed via narrow roads over the South Pennine Moors, a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI). To the north west, travelling through the Forest of Bowland Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) towards Clitheroe lies Pendle Hill and the villages of Newchurch and Barley. Other nearby villages include Barrowford, Foulridge, Winewall, Cottontree, Trawden and Laneshaw Bridge.

History

Settlement in the area can be traced back to the Stone Age. A Mesolithic camp site, a Bronze Age burial site and stone tools from the Bronze and Stone Ages have been discovered at nearby Trawden. There are also the remains of an Iron Age fort, dating from the 6th century BC, above Colne at Castercliff.

Although a Roman road passes through nearby Barnoldswick, and some Roman coins have been discovered, there is no conclusive evidence of the Romans having occupied the area. There is, however, some debate among local historians as to whether the Romans may have stayed at Castercliff.

From the early 6th century to the late 10th century, Colne came under Northumbrian and then Viking rule, finally coming firmly under Norman control in the 11th century. Then, from the 1090s until 1311, the area was controlled by the de Lacys of Pontefract from their outpost at Clitheroe Castle. Pendle Forest and Trawden Forest date from this period; forests in those times being hunting grounds for royals and other nobles. St Bartholomew's Church dates from before 1122 when the town's market was located in the churchyard. The churchyard used to house the market cross and wooden stocks on wheels and people were placed in these on market days.^[1] The stocks are now located in the nearby library. The market cross is in Market St.

The town developed in two parts: Colne, on top of the ridge; and Waterside, at the base of the southern slope, next to Colne Water. By 1296, a corn mill and a fulling mill had been established down by the river. Later, coal was also mined here.

By the 15th century, Colne had become the main market town in the area with markets (latterly held on Tuesdays) and a major centre for the woollen trade, in particular for the production of lightweight kersey. With the Industrial Revolution, cotton manufacturing became the main industry in the town, fuelled by the completion of the Leeds and Liverpool Canal in 1816, and by the arrival of the railway in 1848. By 1891 there were 30 cotton mills listed in Colne with more in the surrounding areas of Trawden and Laneshaw Bridge. The largest had 2,400 looms and the smallest 56.^[2]

The town was made an urban district in 1894 and designated a borough in 1895. It expanded down both sides of the ridge into what are today referred to as the North and South Valleys, east towards the village of Laneshaw Bridge and west towards the new 'cotton town' of Nelson. In 1886, Swinden Clough became the official boundary between Colne and Nelson.

The town's population declined during the 20th century, as was the case in many Lancashire mill towns, from 26,000 in 1911 to just 19,000 in 1961.^[3] In 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972, Colne became part of the Borough of Pendle.^[4][5][6] In 2008 a town council was re-established; it meets in Colne Town Hall, which was designed by Alfred Waterhouse and opened in 1894.

Economy

Colne's former cotton industry has all but disappeared. Many of the textile weaving mills that used to punctuate the landscape have been demolished to make way for new retail outlets and modern housing. Others lie semi-derelict, but the best examples continue to provide jobs for local residents by accommodating new manufacturing and service businesses. Strong growth has been experienced in precision engineering, particularly associated with the aerospace sector, as Rolls-Royce Aerospace operates a large wide chord fan-blade manufacturing facility in nearby Barnoldswick.

The town's main employment area is located at Whitewalls,^[7] which sits astride the boundary with Nelson adjacent to Junction 14 on the M65 motorway. To help stimulate development an undeveloped 5 hectare area of the estate was designated as part of the East Lancashire Enterprise Zone in December 1983 making it, at that time, the smallest Enterprise Zone in the country. This successful estate now extends to over 27 hectares and is home to a wide range businesses including a large abbatoir. Walshaw House, the headquarters of the East Lancashire Primary Care Trust, which occupies a recent extension to the estate, reflects recent growth in the service sector.

The adjacent retail park contains a large ASDA supermarket and stores for Next, Argos Extra and DFS. Boundary Mill Stores, one of the first factory outlets in the UK, was established here in 1983, but in 2008 it moved into purpose built premises closer to the end of the M65 motorway. In 2013, it is the borough's largest employer, and has stores in Grantham, Newcastle, Walsall and Rotherham.^[8]

Another local success story was Lyon's Tours, whose headquarters were off Albert Road, close to the town centre. A family run business, in the 1950s it became one of the first UK tour operators to offer overseas holidays to its customers. The company became part of Airtours when David Crossland purchased a series of small travel agencies across Lancashire in 1972, which in turn merged with the Thomas Cook Group in June 2007

Landmarks

Situated on the edge of the Pennines, Colne has views of several well-known hills. Boulsworth Hill, which lies on the boundary between Lancashire and West Yorkshire overlooks the town from the south. From the summit of Noyna Hill to the north, close to the village of Foulridge, it is possible to look out across much of East Lancashire and into the Yorkshire Dales. Blacko Tower (Stansfield Tower) is clearly visible to the north west, across White Moor, which forms the long eastern slope of Weets Hill.

The hamlet of Wycoller, off the road to Haworth, is the focus for the Country Park of the same name. Although traffic free (visitors must park outside the village), the peace and tranquility is often broken in the summer months as tourists are drawn to the visitor centre alongside the ruined hall. From here a network of footpaths and bridleways pass through the ford or cross Wycoller Beck on a series of ancient bridges, up to 1,000 years old. A series of circular walks traverse the lower slopes of Boulsworth Hill, whilst the long distance Bronte Way passes through en route to Haworth.

Colne is approximately 5 miles east of Pendle Hill, arguably the most well-known local landmark. Owing to its association with the Pendle witches, many local people walk up the hill, but particularly at Halloween. Several nearby farmhouses are reputed to be haunted, and have featured on the TV programmes Most Haunted and Most Haunted Live!

The town is also known for Wallace Hartley, bandmaster on the RMS Titanic, to whom a memorial was erected, on Albert Road, in 1915. Wallace lived in Colne and is buried in the local cemetery.

Transport

Colne is connected to the national railway network.^[9] Colne railway station is ¾m (1 km) west of the town centre. It forms the eastern terminus of the East Lancashire Line, which runs to Nelson, Brierfield, Burnley and on to Preston and Blackpool. The line beyond Colne, formerly part of the Midland Railway, was closed by British Rail in 1970, but in recent years the Skipton-East Lancashire Railway Action Partnership (SELRAP) has petitioned for the reopening up of the line between Colne and Skipton, as yet without success.^[10] are still aiming for a reconnection of this rail line.

The local bus company, Burnley & Pendle, was part-owned until 1996 by the two borough councils. There are buses every few minutes during the daytime on the 'Main Line' service between Burnley bus station and Colne town centre. Most of these then fork in various directions at each end, and continue to Padiham, Clitheroe or Accrington from Burnley, and to Earby, Barnoldswick, Trawden or Keighley from Colne. Until 2005 the town had a direct bus service to Manchester in the shape of route X43, but this was withdrawn following low usage, with the frequency along the Main Line routes improved to compensate.^[11]

Pennine Motor Services, based in Skipton, operates an hourly service with distinctive orange buses between Skipton and Burnley via Colne.

The Leeds and Liverpool Canal passes to the north-west of Colne. Beyond Barrowford Locks, barges enter the summit level and then the 1 mile (1.6 km)-long dead straight tunnel to Foulridge. Close to the western portal, water from three reservoirs built between 1793 and 1866 feed the summit level.

Education

Colne Grammar School

Colne Grammar School was a focus for education from the Middle Ages and had John Tillotson an Archbishop of Canterbury (1691–1694) amongst its alumni. Construction of the 'new school' on Barrowford Road was completed 1941. It finally closed in the late 20th century when Nelson and Colne College, which then occupied the building, consolidated its operations on a site in nearby Barrowford. The impressive red brick building, was converted to apartments in 2009 and now forms the centrepiece of an executive housing development known as The Locks.

Pre-schools

There are several pre-schools in the area which are spread across the town.

Primary schools

There are several primary schools in the Colne area, one of which is a Catholic school. The schools in the town are:

• Colne Lord Street Primary School
• West Street Community Primary School
• Sacred Heart Catholic school
• Colne Primet Primary School
• Colne Park Primary School
• Colne Christ Church Church of England Voluntary Aided Primary School^[12]

Schools in the immediate area include:

• Foulridge Saint Michael And All Angels CofE Voluntary Aided Primary School
• Trawden Forest Primary School
• Laneshaw Bridge Primary School^[12]

For details of more schools around Colne see Foulridge, Trawden, Nelson, Laneshaw Bridge and Brierfield.

High schools

There are also three high schools in Colne: Colne Park High School, Colne Primet Academy and Ss John Fisher and Thomas More RC High School.^[13]

Colleges and further education

Nelson and Colne College is the main provider of post-16 education in the area – there is no grammar school or continuing sixth form centre, the nearest being in Burnley and Skipton. Nelson and Colne College offers AS-level and A-level qualifications, as well as BTEC, City and Guilds, Open College of the North West and some professional qualifications. The college also has tie-ins with some higher education institutions.

Religion

St Bartholomew's Church, on Church Street, dates from before 1122 when the town's market was located in the churchyard. In 1988 the church was designated a Grade I listed building by English Heritage. The Grade I listing is for buildings "of exceptional interest, sometimes considered to be internationally important".^[14]

Other churches and former churches in the town include the Church of England Christ Church (founded 1836), Holy Trinity Church and St. Bartholomew's Church; Mount Zion United Methodist Church and St John's Methodist Church; Sacred Heart Roman Catholic Church; the Salvation Army Hall on Market Place (now a Citizens Advice Bureau); and Trinity Baptist Church.^[15] Bethel Independent Methodist Church, dating from 1871, was the church of RMS Titanic's bandmaster Wallace Hartley.^[16][17]

Church records exist for no fewer than thirty-four different places of worship and nine cemeteries.^[18][19]

Sports and leisure

Colne F.C., established in 1996, is the town's football team; it currently plays in the North West Counties Football League Premier Division. Their predecessor at Holt House Stadium Colne Dynamoes F.C. received heavy investment from a local entrepreneur in the 1980s, but after winning the Northern Premier League crown in 1989/90 were refused entry to the Football Conference and folded before the start of the following season.^[20] Burnley F.C., which plays in the Football League enjoys strong support in the town. The town also has a junior football club, Colne JFC, which runs teams for 8 to 16-year olds, as well as a senior team.^[21]

Colne & Nelson Rugby Union Football Club play at Holt House Playing Fields and the club celebrated its centenary in 2015. It runs two senior teams a Ladies' team and a massive Junior and Mini Colts section.^[22]

Colne Cricket Club was formed in 1830 and is the oldest cricket club in the Lancashire League. It has been a continuous member of the Lancashire League since 1890.^[23] The first games were played on the Horsfield, the same field that is used today.

Pendle Leisure Trust runs the Pendle Leisure Centre next to the railway station. The facility has two swimming pools, a fitness centre and gymnasium, sauna and sports hall.^[24] In summer 2013, the outdoor all-weather pitch was replaced by Urban Altitude. This outdoor aerial assault course is the first of its kind to be built in the UK in an urban location. It includes high and low rope courses, up to 42 ft off the ground, a 60m Zip-Wire, Leap of Faith, Power Fan Free-fall, Jacobs Ladder and Climbing Wall.

The nine-hole Colne Golf Club^[25] is located at Law Farm, to the north east of the town.

There are two large local parks: King George V Playing Fields on Skipton Road (A56) and Alkincoats Park, off the road between Colne and Barrowford (B6247). Alkincoats Park, once the estate of Alkincoats Hall, has bowling greens, hard surface tennis courts, pitch and put golf, a children's play area and footpaths that lead to areas close to the Leeds and Liverpool Canal and the now-dismantled Colne to Skipton railway line.^[26][27][28] The towpath of the Leeds and Liverpool Canal and the trackbed of the dismantled Colne to Skipton railway are also popular leisure destinations, as is Ballgrove Picnic Area at the eastern edge of Colne, close to Laneshaw Bridge. It is possible to walk from here to historic Wycoller.

There is an active sailing club at Lake Burwain one of the feeder lakes to the Leeds and Liverpool Canal.^[29]

Since 2004, Colne has hosted the annual Colne Grand Prix cycle race, part of British Cycling's Elite Circuit Series. The course follows an 800-metre circuit of the one-way road system around the town centre. In 2013, Olympic Gold medallist Ed Clancy MBE, representing Rapha Condor JLT, became the first repeat winner of the race.^[30][31]

Ralph, the father of Roger Bannister the first sub-four-minute miler in 1954, was born in Colne, the family having lived here for 400 years. "Roger Bannister and the Four-minute Mile by John Bale"

Every August bank holiday since 1989, the award winning Great British Rhythm and Blues Festival has been hosted at venues throughout the town, attracting artists and visitors from across the world.^[32] Many local pubs and clubs stage music gigs; others hold 'fringe' type performances. The larger events are staged at the Municipal Hall close to the town centre.

A second festival, the Colne Gala, has been held on every year (except two) for the past five decades; the first Gala being held in 1959. It begins with a parade through the town centre, which then proceeds towards Alkincoats Park and Holt House, where there are live events, a fairground, charity stalls and children's attractions.^[33]

Colne also has a buoyant night-time economy, with a number of restaurants in the vicinity of its three theatres: the amateur-run Pendle Hippodrome Theatre; The Municipal Hall ('The Muni'), which hosts concerts, exhibitions and the annual pantomime, and the Little Theatre, home of Colne Dramatic Society.

Media

The town sits in the far eastern corner of Lancashire, close to the border with North Yorkshire and West Yorkshire. The area is served by television from Granada and BBC North West. It is also served by radio from BBC Radio Lancashire, the commercial station 2BR, and Pendle Community Radio, a community radio service aimed at the borough's British Asian population.

A local newspaper, the Colne Times, a variant edition of the larger Burnley Express, is published on Fridays. A second midweek edition, the Pendle Express, aimed at both Colne and neighbouring Nelson, is published on Tuesdays. The town is also served by the Lancashire Telegraph, which publishes a Burnley, Pendle and Rossendale edition six days a week and by a weekly freesheet, the 'Pendle Citizen', which appears on Thursdays.

Notable people

John Tillotson, Archbishop of Canterbury from 1691 until 1694 was educated in Colne Grammar School.^[34]

Wallace Hartley, bandleader on board the RMS Titanic was brought up and lived in Colne. He has a memorial near the Library Cenotaph and is buried in the town's cemetery.^[35]

John Cunliffe, author and broadcaster of Postman Pat and Rosie and Jim.

Sir William Pickles Hartley, jam manufacturer and philanthropist, who founded the Hartley's Jam Company was born in Colne in 1846 and attended a local British and Foreign School Society school. Hartley's Jam is still on the market though no longer linked to Colne. He gave some of his profits to build Hartley Hospital and Hartley Homes on the boundary with Laneshawbridge.^[36]

Brian Redman, (born 9 March 1937 in Colne) Redman drove for Shadow Racing Cars both in CanAm and in Formula One in the 1960s and 1970s^[37] and winning the SCCA/USAC Formula 5000 Championship three years in a row (1974–76) driving Lolas. He raced many Le Mans 24-hour races and living in Florida is still active appearing at the 36th Rolex Monterey Historic Automobile Races in August 2009.

Sydney Silverman, MP for Nelson & Colne, 1935–68, winning eight elections and sponsoring the abolition of hanging in 1965.

Tony Livesey, British journalist and broadcaster who lives in Colne.

Mike Phelan, a former player for Burnley F.C. and Assistant Manager of Manchester United under Sir Alex Ferguson.

Natalie Gumede, actress best known for playing China in BBC Three's Ideal and Kirsty Soames in Coronation Street.

Jeff Smith MBE, motorcyclist known for his two FIM 500cc Motocross World Championships (1964–65), two British Trials Championships, multiple British Experts Trial wins, four individual race wins in the Motocross des Nations, one Scottish Six Days Trial win and eight ISDT Gold Medals.[2] He was a member of the BSA factory racing team.

Steven Burke, track and road cyclist who won the bronze medal in the individual pursuit at the 2008 Summer Olympics. In 2012, Burke was a member of the GB team that won the gold 2012 Summer Olympics and World championships Team Pursuit discipline. He was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2013 New Year Honours for services to cycling.

Hannah Hobley, actress, best known for playing Chantelle "Telle" Garvey in ITV's Benidorm.

Alan Wharton, (1923–1993) England Test cricketer who played for Lancashire and later Leicestershire.

Geoff Hall (1941–2009) played for Somerset

Jessica Forrest, actress who plays Leanne Holiday in Hollyoaks.

David Fishwick owns David Fishwick Minibus Company and stars in Channel 4's Bank of Dave.

David Walker (1941 - 2015), born in Colne, became a professional footballer for Burnley F.C. and Southampton F.C.

See also

• Listed buildings in Colne
• Talbot Street bomb-making haul, the largest ever discovery of domestic bomb-making equipment in the UK.
• Colne and Trawden Light Railway Company

References

Notes

Bibliography

• Dorothy Harrison (ed.), The History of Colne, Pendle Heritage Centre, 1988

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Colne, Lancashire.

• BBC Sunday stroll photos in Foulridge & Colne
• Photos of Old Colne and surrounding towns

Geography of the Borough of Pendle Towns Barnoldswick Brierfield Colne Earby Nelson Villages Barley Barrowford Blacko Brogden Cottontree Fence Foulridge Higham Higherford Kelbrook Laneshawbridge Newchurch-in-Pendle Roughlee Salterforth Sough Trawden Wheatley Lane Winewall Wycoller Parishes Barley-with-Wheatley Booth Barnoldswick Barrowford Blacko Bracewell and Brogden Brierfield Colne Earby Foulridge Goldshaw Booth Higham-with-West Close Booth Kelbrook and Sough Laneshaw Bridge Nelson Old Laund Booth Reedley Hallows Roughlee Booth Salterforth Trawden Forest Topography Forest of Bowland AONB Forest of Pendle South Pennines Footpaths Brontë Way Lancashire Witches Walk Pendle Way Hills Boulsworth Hill Noyna Hill Pendle Hill Weets Hill Reservoirs Black Moss Reservoirs Ogden Reservoirs Waterways River Calder Colne Water River Laneshaw Leeds and Liverpool Canal Pendle Water Stock Beck Wycoller Beck

Ceremonial county of Lancashire North West England Portal Unitary authorities Blackburn with Darwen Blackpool Boroughs or districts City of Lancaster City of Preston Burnley Chorley Fylde Hyndburn Pendle Ribble Valley Rossendale South Ribble West Lancashire Wyre Major settlements Accrington Adlington Bacup Barnoldswick Blackburn Blackpool Brierfield Burnley Carnforth Chorley Cleveleys Clitheroe Colne Darwen Earby Fleetwood Fulwood Garstang Great Harwood Haslingden Kirkham Lancaster Leyland Longridge Lytham St Annes Morecambe Nelson Ormskirk Padiham Penwortham Poulton-le-Fylde Preesall Preston Rawtenstall Rishton Skelmersdale Waterfoot Wesham Whitworth See also: List of civil parishes in Lancashire Rivers Calder Darwen Douglas Hodder Irwell Lune Ribble Wyre Canals Lancaster Leeds and Liverpool Topics Parliamentary constituencies Places Schools SSSIs Country houses Grade I buildings Grade II* buildings History Museums Lord Lieutenants High Sheriffs