Clarksville, Tennessee

Clarksville, Tennessee
City

Clarksville's historic downtown
Nickname(s): Queen of the Cumberland[1]
Gateway to the New South[2]
Tennessee's Top Spot[3]

Location in Montgomery County and the state of Tennessee.
Clarksville, Tennessee

Location in the United States

Coordinates: 36°31′47″N 87°21′33″W / 36.52972°N 87.35917°W / 36.52972; -87.35917
Country United States
State Tennessee
County Montgomery
Founded: 1785
Incorporated: 1808
Government
 • Mayor Kim McMillan
Area
 • Total 95.5 sq mi (247.4 km2)
 • Land 94.9 sq mi (245.7 km2)
 • Water 0.7 sq mi (1.8 km2)
Elevation 509 ft (155 m)
Population (2010)[4]
 • Total 132,929
 • Estimate (2014)[5] 146,806
 • Rank US: 176th
Time zone CST (UTC-6)
 • Summer (DST) CDT (UTC-5)
ZIP codes 37040-37044
Area code(s) 931
FIPS code 47-15160[6]
GNIS feature ID 1269467[7]
Website cityofclarksville.com

Clarksville is a city in and the county seat of Montgomery County, Tennessee,[8] and the fifth-largest city in the state behind Memphis, Nashville, Knoxville, and Chattanooga,[9] respectively. The city had a population of 132,957 at the 2010 census, and an estimated population of 146,806 in 2014.[10]

It is the principal central city of the Clarksville, TN-KY metropolitan statistical area, which consists of Montgomery and Stewart counties in Tennessee; and Christian and Trigg counties in Kentucky.

The city was incorporated in 1785 as Tennessee's first incorporated city, and named for General George Rogers Clark, frontier fighter and Revolutionary War hero,[2] and brother of William Clark of the Lewis and Clark Expedition.[11]

Clarksville is the home of Austin Peay State University; The Leaf-Chronicle, the oldest newspaper in Tennessee; and neighbor to the Fort Campbell, United States Army base. Site of the 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault), Fort Campbell is located approximately ten miles (16 km) from downtown Clarksville, straddling the Tennessee-Kentucky state line. It is officially Fort Campbell, Kentucky as the base U.S. Post Office is on the Kentucky side of the post. The majority of the acreage of Fort Campbell is within the state of Tennessee.

Nicknames

Clarksville's nicknames have included The Queen City, Queen of the Cumberland, and Gateway to the New South.[2] In April 2008 the city adopted “Tennessee’s Top Spot!” as its new brand nickname[12]and is also called Clarksvegas after New Vegas by the soldiers of Fort Campbell.

Geography

Clarksville is located at 36°31′47″N 87°21′33″W / 36.52972°N 87.35917°W / 36.52972; -87.35917 (36.5297222, -87.3594444).[13] The elevation is 382 feet (116 m) above sea level. This altitude can be found on a section of Riverside Drive, which runs along the eastern bank of the Cumberland, but most of the city is higher. Clarksville's civil airport, Outlaw Field, is listed as 550 feet (170 m) AMSL by survey. According to Topo USA mapping software, the city square sits at 475 feet (145 m) and the courthouse at 509 feet (155 m). There is a point on the northern side of Memorial Drive near Medical Court that reaches 598 feet (182 m).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 95.5 square miles (247 km2), of which 94.9 square miles (246 km2) is land and 0.7 square miles (1.8 km2) (0.71%) is water.

Clarksville is located on the northwest edge of the Highland Rim, which surrounds the Nashville Basin, and is 45 miles (72 km) northwest of Nashville.

Other major areas

To the northwest of Clarksville lies the Fort Campbell Military Reservation, home of the 101st Airborne Division. Much of Clarksville's economy can be attributed to Fort Campbell's presence (and Austin Peay State University). Most of Fort Campbell is in Tennessee, mostly in Montgomery and Stewart counties. Its post office is in Kentucky.

Fort Campbell North is a Census-designated place (CDP) in Christian County, Kentucky. It contains most of the housing for the Fort Campbell Army base. The population was 14,338 at the 2000 census.

Fort Campbell North is part of the Clarksville, TN–KY Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Major roads and highways

ZIP codes

The ZIP codes used in the Clarksville area are: 37010, 37040, 37041, 37042, 37043, 37044, 37191.

Area code

Clarksville and the majority of Montgomery County use area code 931. A portion of eastern Montgomery County is in area code 615. Its neighbor, Fort Campbell, is served by area code 270.

Neighborhoods

Climate

Climate data for Clarksville, Tennessee
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 80
(27)		 82
(28)		 87
(31)		 92
(33)		 95
(35)		 108
(42)		 110
(43)		 107
(42)		 106
(41)		 97
(36)		 86
(30)		 80
(27)		 110
(43)
Average high °F (°C) 45.4
(7.4)		 51.1
(10.6)		 61.2
(16.2)		 71.0
(21.7)		 78.7
(25.9)		 86.4
(30.2)		 90.4
(32.4)		 89.1
(31.7)		 82.9
(28.3)		 72.2
(22.3)		 60.1
(15.6)		 49.4
(9.7)		 69.83
(21)
Average low °F (°C) 25.0
(−3.9)		 28.6
(−1.9)		 36.4
(2.4)		 44.4
(6.9)		 53.8
(12.1)		 62.9
(17.2)		 67.5
(19.7)		 65.4
(18.6)		 58.2
(14.6)		 45.2
(7.3)		 36.2
(2.3)		 28.9
(−1.7)		 46.04
(7.8)
Record low °F (°C) −17
(−27)		 −11
(−24)		 0
(−18)		 22
(−6)		 32
(0)		 42
(6)		 47
(8)		 44
(7)		 32
(0)		 20
(−7)		 −2
(−19)		 −12
(−24)		 −17
(−27)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 4.10
(104.1)		 4.20
(106.7)		 5.41
(137.4)		 4.26
(108.2)		 5.01
(127.3)		 4.43
(112.5)		 4.28
(108.7)		 3.33
(84.6)		 3.76
(95.5)		 3.25
(82.6)		 4.60
(116.8)		 5.15
(130.8)		 51.78
(1,315.2)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 2.7
(6.9)		 3.4
(8.6)		 0.3
(0.8)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0
(0)		 0.1
(0.3)		 0.4
(1)		 6.9
(17.5)
Average precipitation days 12.1 10.8 13.7 11.6 12.1 10.7 10.0 9.1 9.2 8.6 11.7 12.1 131.7
Average snowy days 1.3 1.4 0.1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2 0.7 3.7
Source #1: [14]
Source #2: [15]

Demographics

Historical population
Census Pop. %±
18703,200—
18803,88021.3%
18907,924104.2%
19009,43119.0%
19108,548−9.4%
19208,110−5.1%
19309,24214.0%
194011,83128.0%
195016,24637.3%
196022,02135.5%
197031,71944.0%
198054,77772.7%
199075,49437.8%
2000103,45537.0%
2010132,92928.5%
Est. 2014146,806[16]10.4%
Sources:[17]

As of the census[6] of 2010, there were 132,929 people, 46,512 households, and 32,968 families residing in the city. The racial makeup of the city was 65.6% White, 23.23% African American, 0.6% Native American, 2.3% Asian, 0.5% Pacific Islander, 2.61% from other races, and 5.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 9.3% of the population. The census recorded 4.4% foreign-born residents in Clarksville.

There were 46,512 households out of which 38.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.9% were married couples living together, 17.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.1% were non-families. 23.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 5.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 3.09.

The median income for a household in the city was $48,679, and the median income for a family was $56,295. Males had a median income of $41,019 versus $31,585 for females. The per capita income for the city was 23,722 (4th highest per capita personal income in Tennessee). About 12.4% of families and 16.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 23.4% of those under age 18 and 11.5% of those age 65 or over.

Government

In 1907 Clarksville was among several cities in Tennessee that gained legislative approval to adopt a board of commission form of government, with commissioners elected by at-large voting.[18] Its population was 9,000. Other cities adopting a Board of Commission were Chattanooga and Knoxville in 1911, Nashville in 1913, and Jackson, Tennessee in 1915. The result of this change favored election of candidates favored by the majority in each city. It closed out minorities from being able to elect candidates of their choice to represent them in local government.[18]

Clarksville changed its government system, and in the 21st century has a 12-member City Council elected from single-member districts, which has increased the range of representation. In 2015, four of the members are African American and eight are white.[19] The mayor is elected at-large. Mayor Kim McMillan was elected in 2010 as the first woman mayor of any Tennessee city with more than 100,000 population.[20]

History

Pre-Colonization and Native American History

Map of portion of the Trail of Tears showing Cherokee removal routes.

The area now known as Tennessee was first settled by Paleo-Indians nearly 11,000 years ago. The names of the cultural groups that inhabited the area between first settlement and the time of European contact are unknown, but several distinct cultural phases have been named by archaeologists, including Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian whose chiefdoms were the cultural predecessors of the Muscogee people who inhabited the Tennessee River Valley prior to Cherokee migration into the river's headwaters.[21]

When Spanish explorers first visited Tennessee, led by Hernando de Soto in 1539−43, it was inhabited by tribes of Muscogee and Yuchi people. Possibly because of European diseases devastating the native tribes, which would have left a population vacuum, and also from expanding European settlement in the north, the Cherokee moved south from the area now called Virginia. As European colonists spread into the area, the native populations were forcibly displaced to the south and west, including all Muscogee and Yuchi peoples, the Chickasaw, and Choctaw. From 1838 to 1839, nearly 17,000 Cherokees were forced to march from "emigration depots" in Eastern Tennessee, such as Fort Cass, to Indian Territory west of Arkansas. This came to be known as the Trail of Tears, as an estimated 4,000 Cherokees died along the way.[22]

Colonization

The Transylvania Purchase, bought from the Cherokee tribe, stretches from Sycamore Shoals in Elizabethton, Tennessee to the Wilderness Road into Kentucky.

The area around Clarksville was first surveyed by Thomas Hutchins in 1768. He identified Red Paint Hill, a rock bluff at the confluence of the Cumberland and Red rivers, as a navigational landmark.[23]

In the years between 1771 and 1775, John Montgomery, the namesake of the county, along with Kasper Mansker visited the area while on a hunting expedition. In 1771, James Robertson led a group of some twelve or thirteen families involved with the Regulator movement from near where present day Raleigh, North Carolina now stands. In 1772, Robertson and the pioneers who had settled in northeast Tennessee (along the Watauga River, the Doe River, the Holston River, and the Nolichucky River met at Sycamore Shoals to establish an independent regional government known as the Watauga Association. However, in 1772, surveyors placed the land officially within the domain of the Cherokee tribe, who required negotiation of a lease with the settlers. Tragedy struck as the lease was being celebrated, when a Cherokee warrior was murdered by a white man. Through diplomacy, Robertson made peace with the Cherokee, who threatened to expel the settlers by force if necessary.[24]

In March 1775, land speculator and North Carolina judge Richard Henderson met with more than 1,200 Cherokees at Sycamore Shoals, including Cherokee leaders such as Attacullaculla, Oconostota, and Dragging Canoe. In the Treaty of Sycamore Shoals (also known as the Treaty of Watauga), Henderson purchased all the land lying between the Cumberland River, the Cumberland Mountains, and the Kentucky River, and situated south of the Ohio River in what is known as the Transylvania Purchase from the Cherokee Indians. The land thus delineated, 20 million acres (~81,000 km2), encompassed an area half as large as the present state of Kentucky. Henderson's purchase was in violation of North Carolina and Virginia law, as well as the Royal Proclamation of 1763, which prohibited private purchase of American Indian land. Henderson may have mistakenly believed that a newer British legal opinion had made such land purchases legal.[25]

All of present-day Tennessee was once recognized as Washington County, North Carolina. Created in 1777 from the western areas of Burke and Wilkes counties, Washington County had as a precursor a Washington District of 1775-76, which was the first political entity named for the Commander-in-Chief of American forces in the Revolution.[24][26]

Founding

In 1779, James Robertson brought a group of settlers from upper East Tennessee via Daniel Boone's "Wilderness Road". Robertson would later build an iron plantation in Cumberland Furnace. A year later, John Donelson led a group of flat boats up the Cumberland River bound for the French trading settlement, French Lick (or Big Lick), that would later be Nashville. When the boats reached Red Paint Hill, Moses Renfroe, Joseph Renfroe, and Solomon Turpin, along with their families, branched off onto the Red River. They traveled to the mouth of Parson's Creek, near Port Royal, and went ashore to settle down. However, an attack by Indians in the summer drove them back. (See Port Royal State Park)

Clarksville was designated as a town to be settled in part by soldiers from the disbanded Continental Army that served under General George Washington during the American Revolutionary War. At the end of the war, the federal government lacked sufficient funds to repay the soldiers, so the Legislature of North Carolina, in 1790, designated the lands to the west of the state line as federal lands that could be used in the land grant program. Since the area of Clarksville had been surveyed and sectioned into plots, it was identified as a territory deemed ready for settlement. The land was available to be settled by the families of eligible soldiers as repayment of service to their country.

The development and culture of Clarksville has had an ongoing interdependence between the citizens of Clarksville and the military. The formation of the city is associated with the end of the American Revolutionary War. During the Civil War a large percent of the male population was depleted due to Union Army victories at Fort Henry and Fort Donelson. Many Clarksville men were interned at Union prisoner of war (POW) camps. Clarksville also lost many native sons during World War I. With the formation of Camp Campbell, later Fort Campbell, during World War II, the bonds of military influence were strengthened. Soldiers from Fort Campbell, Kentucky have deployed in every military campaign since the formation of the post.

On January 16, 1784, John Armstrong filed notice with the Legislature of North Carolina to create the town of Clarksville, named after General George Rogers Clark. Even before it was officially designated a town, lots had been sold. In October 1785, Col. Robert Weakley laid off the town of Clarksville for Martin Armstrong and Col. Montgomery, and Weakley had the choice of lots for his services. He selected Lot #20 at the northeast corner of Spring and Main Streets. The town consisted of 20 'squares' of 140 lots and 44 out lots. The original Court House was on Lot #93, on the north side of Franklin Street between Front and Second Street. The Public Spring was on Lot #74, on the northeast corner of Spring and Commerce Streets. Weakley built the first cabin there in January 1786, and about February or March, Col. Montgomery came there and had a cabin built, which was the second house in Clarksville. After an official survey by James Sanders, Clarksville was founded by the North Carolina Legislature on December 29, 1785. It was the second town to be founded in the area. Armstrong's layout for the town consisted of 12 four-acre (16,000 m²) squares built on the hill overlooking the Cumberland as to protect against floods. The primary streets (from north to south) that went east-west were named Jefferson, Washington (now College Street), Franklin, Main, and Commerce Streets. North-south streets (from the river eastward) were named Water (now Riverside Drive), Spring, First, Second, and Third Streets.

The tobacco trade in the area was growing larger every year and in 1789, Montgomery and Martin Armstrong persuaded lawmakers to designate Clarksville as an inspection point for tobacco. In 1790, Isacc Rowe Peterson staked a claim to Dunbar Cave, just northeast of downtown.

When Tennessee was founded as a state on June 1, 1796, the area around Clarksville and to the east was named Tennessee County. (This county was established in 1788, by North Carolina.) Later, Tennessee County would be broken up into modern day Montgomery and Robertson counties, named to honor the men who first opened up the region for settlement.

19th century

Clarksville grew at a rapid pace. By 1806, the town realized the need for an educational institution, and it established the Rural Academy that year. It was later replaced by the Mount Pleasant Academy. By 1819, the newly established town had 22 stores, including a bakery and silversmith. In 1820, steamboats begin to navigate the Cumberland, bringing hardware, coffee, sugar, fabric and glass. The city exported flour, tobacco, cotton, and corn to ports such as New Orleans and Pittsburgh along the Ohio and Mississippi rivers.

Trade via land also grew as four main dirt roads were established, two to Nashville, one crossing the Red River via ferry called the Kentucky Road, and Russellville Road. In 1829, the first bridge connecting Clarksville to New Providence was built over the Red River. Nine years later, the Clarksville-Hopkinsville Turnpike was built. In 1855, Clarksville was incorporated as a city. Railroad service came to the town on October 1, 1859 in the form of the Memphis, Clarksville and Louisville Railroad. The line would later connect with other railroads at Paris, Tennessee and Guthrie, Kentucky.

By the start of the Civil War, the combined population of the city and the county was 20,000. Planters in the area depended on slavery for the labor-intensive tobacco industry, one of the major commodity crops. In 1861, both Clarksville and Montgomery County voted unanimously for the state to secede and join the Confederate States of America. The birthplace of Confederate President Jefferson Davis was about 20 miles across the border in Fairview, Christian County, Kentucky. Both sides considered the city to be of strategic importance.

Confederate General Albert Sidney Johnston set up a defense line around Clarksville expecting a land attack. The city was home to three Confederate States of America Army camps:

The Union sent troops and gunboats down the Cumberland River, and in 1862 captured Fort Donelson, Fort Henry, and Clarksville. On February 17, 1862, the USS Cairo along with another Union Ironclad came to Clarksville and captured the city. There were no Confederate soldiers to contend with because they had left prior to the arrival of the ships. White flags flew over Ft. Defiance and over Ft. Clark. The citizens of the town who could get away, left as well. Before they left, Confederate soldiers tried to burn the railroad bridge that crossed the Cumberland River. The fire didn’t take hold and was put out before it could destroy the bridge. This railroad bridge made Clarksville very important to the Union. The USS Cairo tied up in Clarksville for a couple of days before moving on to participate in the capture of Nashville.

Between 1862 and 1865, the city would shift hands, but the Union retained control of Clarksville, including control of the city's newspaper, The Leaf Chronicle, for three years. Many slaves who had been freed or escaped gathered in Clarksville and joined the Union Army, which created all-black regiments. The 16th United States Colored Infantry regiment was mustered in at Clarksville. Other freed slaves lived along the side of the river in shanties.

Reconstruction

Clarksville Museum and Cultural Center, built 1898

After the war, the city began Reconstruction, and in 1872, the existing railroad was purchased by the Louisville & Nashville Railroad. The city was flourishing until the Great Fire of 1878, which destroyed 15 acres (60,000 m²) of downtown Clarksville's business district, including the courthouse and many other historic buildings. It was believed to have started in a Franklin Street store. After the fire, the city rebuilt. The first automobile rolled into town, drawing much excitement.

20th century

Mural painted on the only remaining wall of a building destroyed by the '99 tornado.

In 1913, the Lillian Theater, Clarksville's first "movie house" for motion pictures, was opened on Franklin Street by Joseph Goldberg. It seated more than 500 people. Less than two years later, in 1915, the theater burned down. It was rebuilt later that year.

As World War I raged in Europe, many locals volunteered to go, reaffirming Tennessee as the Volunteer State, a nickname earned during the War of 1812, the Mexican-American War and other earlier conflicts. Also during this time, women's suffrage was becoming a major issue. Clarksville women saw a need for banking independent of their husbands and fathers who were fighting. In response, the First Women's Bank of Tennessee was established in 1919 by Mrs. Frank J. Runyon.

The 1920s brought additional growth to the city. A bus line between Clarksville and Hopkinsville was established in 1922. In 1927 the Austin Peay Normal School was founded, later to develop as Austin Peay State University. In 1928 two more theaters were added, the Majestic (with 600 seats) and the Capitol (with 900 seats). John Outlaw, a local aviator, established Outlaw Field in 1929.

With the entry of the United States into World War II, defense investments were made in the area. In 1942 construction started on Camp Campbell (now known as Fort Campbell), the new army base ten miles (16 km) northwest of the city. It was capable of holding 23,000 troops, and as staffing built up, the base gave a huge boost to the population and economy of Clarksville.

In 1954, the Clarksville Memorial Hospital was founded along Madison Street. Downtown, the Lillian was renamed the Roxy Theater, and today it still hosts plays and performances weekly. The Roxy has been used as a backdrop for numerous photo shoots, films, documentaries, music videos and television commercials; most notably for Sheryl Crow's Grammy-award winning song "All I Wanna Do."

Since 1980, the population of Clarksville has more than doubled, in part because of annexation, as the city acquired communities such as New Providence and Saint Bethlehem. The construction of Interstate 24 north of Saint Bethlehem added to its development potential and in the early 21st century, much of the growth along U.S. Highway 79 is commercial retail. Clarksville is currently one of the fastest-growing large cities in Tennessee. At its present rate of growth, the city will displace Chattanooga by 2020 as the fourth-largest city in Tennessee.

Natural disasters

On the morning of January 22, 1999, the downtown area of Clarksville was devastated by an F3 tornado, damaging many buildings including the county courthouse. The tornado, 880 yards (800 m) wide, continued on a 4.3-mile (6.9 km)-long path that took it up to Saint Bethlehem. No one was seriously injured or killed in the destruction. Clarksville has since recovered, and has rebuilt much of the damage as a symbol of the city's resilience. Where one building on Franklin Street once stood has been replaced with a large mural of the historic buildings of Clarksville on the side of one that remained.

On Sunday, May 2, 2010, Clarksville and a majority of central Tennessee, to include Nashville and 22 counties in total, suffered expansive and devastating floods near the levels of the great flood of 1937. Many businesses along Riverside Drive along the Cumberland River were totally lost.

History of the county courthouse

Montgomery County Courthouse

The first Montgomery County courthouse was built from logs in 1796 by James Adams. It was located close to the riverbank with the rest of the early town, on the corner of present-day Riverside Drive and Washington Street. It was replaced by a second courthouse built in 1805, and a third in 1806, with land provided by Henry Small. The fourth courthouse was built in 1811, and was the first to be built of brick. It was constructed on the east half of Public Square, with land donated by Martin Armstrong. In 1843, a courthouse was built at a new location on Franklin Street. It was destroyed in the Great Fire of 1878.

The sixth courthouse was built between Second and Third Streets, with the cornerstone laid on May 16, 1879. It was designed by George W. Bunting of Indianapolis, Indiana. Five years later, the downtown area was hit by a tornado, which damaged the roof of the courthouse. It was repaired. On March 12, 1900, the structure was ravaged by fire, with the upper floors gutted and the clock tower destroyed. Some citizens wanted the building replaced, but the judge refused and ordered the damage repaired.

The courthouse was destroyed by the January 22, 1999 tornado. Residents considered replacing it with a new building, but decided to restore and reconstruct the historic structure. In the process it was upgraded and adapted for use as a county office building. On the fourth anniversary of the disaster, the courthouse was rededicated. In addition to restoring the 1879 courthouse and plazas, the county built a new courts center on the north side for the court operations.

Education

Colleges and universities

Public schools

Montgomery Central High School.

The city decided to consolidate its school system with that of the county, forming the Clarksville-Montgomery County School System. It operates a total of 36 public schools to serve about 30,000 students, including seven high schools, seven middle schools, 20 elementary schools, and one magnet school for K-5, in addition to Middle College on the campus of Austin Peay State University.

Public high schools (grades 9-12) in Clarksville-Montgomery County:

Private schools

Private schools in Clarksville-Montgomery County include:

Economy

Major industrial employers in Clarksville include:

Airports

Clarksville is served commercially by Nashville International Airport but also has a small airport, Outlaw Field, located 10 miles (16 km) north of downtown. Outlaw Field accommodates nearly 40,000 private and corporate flights a year, and is also home to a pilot training school and a few small aircraft companies. It has two asphalt runways, one 6,000 ft (1,800 m) by 100 ft (30 m) and the other 4,004 ft (1,220 m) by 100 ft (30 m). Outlaw Field has received a $35,000 grant. The terminal is under renovation.

Cobb Field is a small private airport. It is 3 miles (4.8 km) west of the Dover Crossings area, just across the street from Liberty Elementary. It has one runway grass/sod runway that measures at 1,752 ft (534 m). This airport is not open to the public.

Recognitions

In the June 2004 issue of Money, Clarksville was listed as one of the top five cities with a population of under 250,000 that would attract creative class jobs over the next 10 years.[30]

Points of interest

Clarksville Roxy Theater

In popular culture

Notable people

References

  1. ↑ Queen City Lodge #761 - Free & Accepted Masons, accessed October 11, 2008
  2. 1 2 3 Clarksville, Tennessee: Gateway to the New South, Fort Campbell website, accessed October 11, 2008
  3. ↑ "Clarksville unveils new "Brand" as "Tennessee’s Top Spot!"".
  4. ↑ "Clarksville 5th fastest growing city in America". The Leaf Chonicle. May 23, 2013.
  5. ↑ "Population Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2015-09-23.
  6. 1 2 "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  7. ↑ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  8. ↑ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
  9. ↑ http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?src=bkmk
  10. ↑ Demographics - Relocation - Clarksville Area Chamber of Commerce, Clarksville Area Chamber of Commerce website. Retrieved: 20 February 2015.
  11. ↑ Miller, Larry L. (2001). Tennessee place-names. Indiana University Press. p. 46. ISBN 978-0-253-33984-3.
  12. ↑ Clarksville unveils new “Brand” as “Tennessee’s Top Spot!”, Turner McCullough Jr., Clarksville Online, 12 April 12008
  13. ↑ "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
  14. ↑ "Climatology of the United States No. 20: CLARKSVILLE SEWAGE PLT, TN 1971–2000" (PDF). National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved December 9, 2011.
  15. ↑ "Monthly Averages for Clarksville, TN (37043)". The Weather Channel. Retrieved December 9, 2011.
  16. ↑ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014". Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  17. ↑ http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/47/4715160.html. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  18. 1 2 BUCHANAN v. CITY OF JACKSON, 683 F. Supp. 1515 (W.D. Tenn. 1988), Case Text website
  19. ↑ "City Council", City of Clarksville, 2015
  20. ↑ "Mayor's Office", City of Clarksville, 2015
  21. ↑ "Archaeology and the Native Peoples of Tennessee." University of Tennessee, Frank H. McClung Museum. Retrieved: 5 December 2007.
  22. ↑ Satz, Ronald. Tennessee's Indian Peoples. Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press, 1979. ISBN 0-87049-285-3
  23. ↑ Christian G. Fritz, American Sovereigns: The People and America's Constitutional Tradition Before the Civil War (Cambridge University Press, 2008) at p. 55-60 ISBN 978-0-521-88188-3
  24. 1 2 "Watauga Petition". Ensor Family Pages.
  25. ↑ Boone: A Biography, Robert Morgan, Algonquin Books, Chapel Hill, 2008, ISBN 978-1-56512-615-2
  26. ↑ "Lost Counties of Tennessee.
  27. ↑ "Ft. Defiance Clarksville". Ft. Defiance Clarksville. Retrieved April 23, 2013.
  28. ↑ http://www.cityofclarksville.com/parks&rec/parks/fortdefiance.php
  29. ↑ "Fort Defiance - Fort Bruce site photos". Civilwaralbum.com. Retrieved 2013-07-10.
  30. ↑ Clarksville, Tennessee. Money Mag Ranking.
  31. ↑ "Last Train to Clarksville by The Monkees". SongFacts. Retrieved December 14, 2014. There's a little town in Northern Arizona I used to go through in the summer on the way to Oak Creek Canyon called Clarksdale. We were throwing out names, and when we got to Clarksdale, we thought Clarksville sounded even better. We didn't know it at the time, [but] there is an Air Force base near the town of Clarksville, Tennessee - which would have fit the bill fine for the story line. - Bobby Hart (emphasis added)

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Clarksville, Tennessee.
Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article Clarksville.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Clarksville (Tennessee).


Coordinates: 36°31′47″N 87°21′34″W / 36.5297222°N 87.3594444°W / 36.5297222; -87.3594444

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