Citrus hybrid

A citrus hybrid is typically a somatic hybrid within the genus citrus, thus, combining two different citrus varieties or species into one, in order to get intermediate traits or the most desirable traits of both parents. This is done by plant breeding which is also called cross pollination. The selection of the progeny of the new hybrid into a new variety is called hybrid speciation. Citrus hybrids are usually marked with the "×" after the word "Citrus", for example Citrus × aurantifolia.

Taxonomy

Citrus taxonomy is very complex and this page currently follows the Swingle system that is currently followed in the United States and commonly referred to elsewhere.

Major citrus hybrids

The most known citrus hybrids that are sometimes treated as a species by themselves, especially in folk taxonomy, are:

Minor citrus hybrids (partial list)

Graft hybrids

There are also some so called graft hybrids, or more commonly graft-chimaeras, which are not somatically fused but rather combine variegated tissue from scion and rootstock via grafting, a popular example the Bizzaria orange. Those are commonly marked with a plus sign "+" instead with an "x".

Intergenetic hybrids

Citrofortunella

Citrofortunella according to the Swingle system, is a hybrid genus, containing intergeneric hybrids between members of the genus Citrus and the closely related Fortunella. It is named after its two parent genera. Such hybrids often combine the cold hardiness of the Fortunella, such as the Kumquat, with some edibility properties of the citrus species. Citrofortunellas, which are all hybrids, are marked with the "×" before the word "Citrofortunella",[1] for example × Citrofortunella microcarpa or × Citrofortunella mitis which refer to the same plant.[2]

Citrofortunella hybrids

These plants are hardier and more compact than most citrus plants, often referred to as cold hardy citrus. They produce small acidic fruit and make good ornamental plants. Citrofortunella hybrids include:

Citrocirus

Citrocirus also according to the Swingle system, is a hybrid genus, containing intragenetic hybrids between members of the genus citrus and the closely related Poncirus, which includes the trifoliate orange, a cold hardy plant that commonly uses as a citrus rootstock. Citrocirus commonly refer to the citranges which are somatic hybrid between the trifoliate and sweet oranges. They are botanically classified as × Citrocitrus. However a molecular investigation suggested that Fortunella, Citrofortunella, Poncirus and Citrocirus should all be equivocally included in the genus citrus.[3][4]

Citrocirus hybrids

Labelling of hybrids

Citrus fruit taxonomy is still relatively unknown, and even modern hybrids of known parentage are sold under general names that give little information about their ancestry, or technically incorrect information.[5][6]

This can be a problem for those who can eat only some citrus varieties. Drug interactions with chemicals found in some citrus, including grapefruit and Seville oranges,[7][8] make the ancestry of citrus fruit of interest; many commonly-sold citrus varieties are grapefruit hybrids[9][10] or pummello-descended grapefruit relatives. One medical review has advised patients on medication to avoid all citrus juice,[7] although some citrus fruits contain no furanocoumarins.[10]

Citrus allergies can also be specific to only some fruit or some parts of some fruit.[11][12][13]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "EasyBloom :: Calamondin - x Citrofortunella mitis :: Detailed Plant Information". easybloom.com.
  2. ↑ Gardens World
  3. ↑ Nicolosi et al. (2000)
  4. ↑ de Araújo et al. (2003)
  5. ↑ Larry K. Jackson and Stephen H. Futch. "Robinson Tangerine". ufl.edu.
  6. ↑ Commernet, 2011. "20-13.0061. Sunburst Tangerines; Classification and Standards, 20-13. Market Classification, Maturity Standards And Processing Or Packing Restrictions For Hybrids, D20. Departmental, 20. Department of Citrus, Florida Administrative Code". State of Florida. Retrieved 14 May 2015.
  7. 1 2 Saito, M; Hirata-Koizumi, M; Matsumoto, M; Urano, T; Hasegawa, R (2005). "Undesirable effects of citrus juice on the pharmacokinetics of drugs: focus on recent studies". Drug Safety 28 (8): 677–94. doi:10.2165/00002018-200528080-00003. PMID 16048354.
  8. ↑ Bailey, David G. (2010). "Fruit juice inhibition of uptake transport: a new type of food-drug interaction". British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 70 (5): 645–55. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2010.03722.x. PMC 2997304. PMID 21039758.
  9. ↑ http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/tangelo.html[]
  10. 1 2 Widmer, Wilbur (2006). "One Tangerine/Grapefruit Hybrid (Tangelo) Contains Trace Amounts of Furanocoumarins at a Level Too Low To Be Associated with Grapefruit/Drug Interactions". Journal of Food Science 70 (6): c419–22. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.2005.tb11440.x.
  11. ↑ Bourrier, T; Pereira, C (2013). "Allergy to citrus juice". Clinical and Translational Allergy 3 (Suppl 3): P153. doi:10.1186/2045-7022-3-S3-P153. PMC 3723546.
  12. ↑ Cardullo, AC; Ruszkowski, AM; DeLeo, VA (1989). "Allergic contact dermatitis resulting from sensitivity to citrus peel, geraniol, and citral". Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 21 (2 Pt 2): 395–7. doi:10.1016/s0190-9622(89)80043-x. PMID 2526827.
  13. ↑ Boonpiyathad, S (2013). "Chronic angioedema caused by navel orange but not citrus allergy: case report". Clinical and Translational Allergy 3 (Suppl 3): P159. doi:10.1186/2045-7022-3-S3-P159. PMC 3723846.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hybrid Citrus, XCitrofortunella.
This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the Wednesday, January 20, 2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.