Christianity in Somalia

Christianity is a minority religion in Muslim-majority Somalia. While the official number of openly declared practitioners of Christianity is only around 1,000[1][2] amongst the country's total population of over eight million inhabitants (99.8% of which are, at least officially, Muslim), the true number of Christian practitioners in Somalia is unknown due to the phenomenon of Crypto-Christianity among ethnic Somali Muslim converts to Christianity.

The 1,000 person segment of official Christian practitioners of Somalia include those who are foreigners, those who are Somali-born descendants of foreigners, and members of the Bantu minority ethnic group.[3] The Somali-born Christian descendants of foreigners descend from Italian colonists and belong to the Evangelical and Wesleyan Church of the Nazarene. There is one Catholic diocese for the entire country: the Diocese of Mogadishu.

The true number of the unnofficial segment of Somali Christian practitioners, however, is unknown. These are crypto-Christians of Somali Muslim backgroungs who have converted to Christianity covertly. Religious persecution of these unnoficial Christians "has been prevalent in Nairobi. Underground Somali churches cannot worship openly as leaving Islam is a crime punishable by death in Somalia."[4]

Overview

The Mogadishu Cathedral

The Diocese of Mogadishu estimates that there were about 100 Roman Catholic practitioners in Somalia in 2004. This was down from a high of 8,500 adherents at the start of the trusteeship period in 1950, under the Prefecture Apostolic of Benadir of the Vicariate Apostolic of Mogadiscio.[5]

Thirty-seven years earlier, in 1913, during the early part of the colonial era, there were virtually no Christians in the Somali territories. Around 100–200 followers existed in the schools and orphanages of the few Catholic missions in the British Somaliland protectorate.[6] No Catholic missions are known to have existed in Italian Somaliland during the same period.[7]

However, after WWI Catholicism started to be promoted in "Somalia italiana", as Listowel wrote:

In 1903 the Trinitarian Fathers were the first missionaries to arrive in what was to become Somalia. They started teaching and providing social assistance to the poor and the sick. Fr. Jelib set up a leper colony at the mouth of the Juba river, and cared for about 350 to 400 lepers. In 1924 the Consolata Fathers and Sisters (from Turin) arrived; the Fathers to be replaced in the 1930s by the Franciscan Friars Minor from the Milan Province.

In 1928, a Catholic cathedral was built in Mogadishu by order of Cesare Maria De Vecchi, a Catholic governor of "Somalia italiana" who promoted the "Missionari della Consolata" Christianization of Somalian people.[8] The cathedral, the biggest in Africa in the 1920s and 1930s, was later damaged during the civil war that began in the 1980s.

The Bishop of Mogadishu, Franco Filippini, declared in 1940 that there were about 40,000 Somali Catholics due to the work of missionaries in the rural regions of Juba and Shebelle, but WWII damaged in an irreversible way most of the Catholic missions in Italian Somalia.[9] Most were Somali Bantu,[10] but some thousands were illegitimate sons of Italian soldiers and Somalian girls (who received Italian citizenship when baptized). Anyway, after WWII Catholicism nearly disappeared from Somalia.

The Bible was first translated into Somali only in 1979.[11]

According to the World Christian Encyclopedia, the Somalia Believers Fellowship, the Somalia Mennonite Mission and the Seventh-day Adventists are present in this country.[12] Somalia is included in the Episcopal Area of the Horn of Africa of the Anglican Diocese of Egypt, though there are no current local congregations.[13] The Adventist Mission indicates that there are no Adventist members in Somalia, and that Christianity in general has seen little growth there.[14]

Religious freedom

Due to the ongoing civil war in the southern part of the country, professing Christians in Somalia have faced persecution and sometimes death. Apart from Mogadishu Cathedral (which is no longer used for Christian services, although in 2013 plans to repair it were announced by the Diocese of Mogadiscio), there are no church buildings in the country. Nor is there any legal protection for Christians, some of whom meet in underground churches.[1] However, there have been cases both before and during civil war in which a Muslim has adopted the Christian faith, secretly declaring his/her apostasy. In effect, they were/are practising Christians, but legally Muslims; thus, the statistics of Somali Christians do not include Muslim apostates within Christianity.

Paramilitary groups in Somalia have also engaged in widespread looting of Christian graves,[15] in addition to the desecration of Sufi Muslim graves and mosques.[16] Sometimes the term "Christian" was a label that the jihadists would affix on people they suspected of working for Ethiopian intelligence.[1]

In August 2009, International Christian Concern reported that four Christians working to help orphans in Somalia were beheaded by Islamist extremists when they refused to convert to Islam.[17]

In December 2013, the Ministry of Justice and Religious Affairs released a directive prohibiting the celebration of Christian festivities in the country.[18]

See also

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 "Almost expunged: Somalia's Embattled Christians". October 22, 2009. Retrieved October 22, 2009.
  2. ↑ Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division (2009). "World Population Prospects, Table A.1" (.PDF). 2008 revision. United Nations. Retrieved March 12, 2009.
  3. ↑ A study on minorities in Somalia
  4. ↑ http://www.ecumenicalnews.com/article/outraged.muslims.throw.somali.christian.convert.off.4th.floor.balcony/26238.htm
  5. ↑ "Catholic Church in Somalia". Diocese of Mogadishu. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
  6. ↑ Charles George Herbermann, The Catholic encyclopedia: an international work of reference on the constitution, doctrine, discipline, and history of the Catholic church, Volume 14, (Robert Appleton company: 1913), p.139.
  7. ↑ Charles Henry Robinson, History of Christian Missions, (READ BOOKS: 2007), p. 356.
  8. ↑ The Catholic missionaries of "Consolata" promoted by governor De Vecchi (in Italian)
  9. ↑ Tripodi, Paolo. The Colonial Legacy in Somalia. p. 66
  10. ↑ Photo of Somali Bantu with a Missionary of the "Consolata" in 1937
  11. ↑ "Version Information". Bible Gateway. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
  12. ↑ World Christian Encyclopedia, (2nd edition), Volume 1, p. 673
  13. ↑ The Episcopal Area of the Horn of Africa
  14. ↑ "Global Mission's Top 10 Places to Pray for – REGION: NORTH Africa – Somalia". Adventist Mission. Retrieved 7 April 2015.
  15. ↑ Widspread [sic] desecration of Christian graves in Somalia
  16. ↑ Shabaab rebels destroy grave and mosque in Somalia
  17. ↑ "Al Shabaab Reportedly Beheads 4 Christians, Rips Gold Teeth From Locals' Mouths". FOX News. August 12, 2009. Retrieved June 11, 2011.
  18. ↑ Khalif, Abdulkadir (25 December 2013). "Somalia bans Christmas celebrations". Daily Nation. Retrieved 3 January 2014.

External links

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